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Risk Adjustment Hierarchical Condition Categories (HCC Coding)
Payment Model Provider Education Guide
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What is CMS’s Hierarchical Condition Categories?
Medicare Risk Adjustment payment model introduced by the Centers for Medicare and Medicaid (CMS) in 2004. The goal is to pay Medicare Advantage (MA) and Prescription Drug Plans (PDPs) accurately and fairly by adjusting payment for Enrollees based on their demographics and their health status. This Risk Adjustment payment model measures the disease burden that includes 70 HCC categories, which are correlated to diagnosis codes. Accurate diagnosis code documentation (ICD-9 CM) and reporting now determines reimbursement. 3,600 ICD-9 codes map to 1 of 70 HCCs (mostly chronic but some are acute)
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Examples of Chronic Conditions
The following HCCs reflect a few common chronic conditions found in Medicare population, that Medicare Advantage Plans look for to be documented in a patient’s chart: Diabetes without complications – HCC 19 Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease – HCC 108 Congestive Heart Failure – HCC 80 Breast Cancer – HCC 10 Ischemic Heart Disease – HCC 92 Angina – HCC 83 Diagnoses from the previous year are used to establish capitation payments to the MA plan. HCCs must be captured every 12 months for CMS to reimburse. Health Status is re-determined every year If the HCC codes are captured outside the12 months (e.g. 12 months and 4 days), it will generate a 6-month revenue gap for that MA plan.
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Data Collection It all boils down to the data collection process!
Physicians who do not exercise good documentation at each patient encounter will receive insufficient funding. Good documentation begins at the time of the patient’s face-to-face encounter with the physician. Document all clinical findings in the medical record (chart), and the medical record is used to support ICD-9-CM and HCC coding.
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The Process Care is Delivered to the Member (face-to-face encounter)
Care and Diagnoses are Documented in the Chart / Progress Notes ICD-9 CM codes are submitted on Claims based on the face-to-face encounter clinical findings Plan & Providers can Deliver better care And reimbursement is received Claims data diagnosis codes are converted to HCC codes CMS Calculates MA Risk Adjustment HCC codes data is submitted to CMS
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Document, Document, Document
Is your documentation sufficient to fund the care for your sicker patients? The quality of diagnosis coding and supporting documentation must improve in order to maintain the same reimbursement payments. It All Begins with You! Goal = Properly Reflect the Member’s Health Status Fully assess ALL Chronic Conditions ….…at least annually Thoroughly Document in the Chart (Progress Notes) ALL conditions evaluated for each visit Code to the Highest Level of Specificity (fully utilize the ICD-9 Diagnosis Coding System)
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Choosing Diagnosis Codes
A joint effort between the health care provider and the coder is essential to achieve complete and accurate documentation, code assignment, and reporting of diagnoses and procedures. Annual code changes are implemented by the government and are effective Oct 1 of every year and valid through Sept 30 of the following year.
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Diabetes Mellitus All important 4th digit 250.00 no complication
ketoacidosis hyperosmolarity coma renal manifestations ophthalmological manifestation neurological manifestations peripheral circulatory disorders other specified manifestations
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Diabetes Manifestations
Use multiple coding techniques for compound diagnoses DM with a manifestation (complication) requires that you document and code the manifestation as well. Peripheral Neuropathy due to DM DM with Neurological manifestations 357.2 Peripheral Neuropathy in DM PVD due to DM DM with peripheral circulatory disorders PVD in diseases classified elsewhere
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ESRD - Coding 585.6 ESRD $2870 V45.11 Renal Dialysis Status $10,522
When a patient is on dialysis it requires two codes 585.6 ESRD $2870 V45.11 Renal Dialysis Status $10,522 ESRD on hemodialysis due to Diabetes Diabetes w/renal manifestations $3962 585.6 CKD stage VI (ESRD) V45.11 Renal dialysis status $10,522 ** CKD hierarchs Nephropathy
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Documenting the diabetic connection
Unclear whether “with” will be acceptable with CMS so preferable way to make connection “Due to” “Secondary” “Diabetic” Examples: Peripheral Neuropathy due to DM CKD Stage III secondary to DM Diabetic Ulcer Diabetic Retinopathy
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Documenting the diabetic connection
Coders are not allowed to assume a cause-and-effect relationship If you document like this: Assessment 1. Diabetes Type II $1263 2. Peripheral Neuropathy $2550 3. CKD Stage III $2870 These will be coded separately and the highest Diabetes HCC code will be missed If you document like this, then the highest HCC in the diabetes will be captured: 1. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy & $2550 2. CKD III due to Diabetes $3962 & $2870
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Ulcers-Non Pressure Vs. Pressure
Two types of ulcers Non-pressure of chronic $3502 Pressure or Decubitus $8993 Pressure ulcer is a higher HCC than a non-pressure so it’s important to code it correctly Stage I pressure ulcer of sacrum 707.03 707.21 Diabetic ulcer on the calf DM with other specified manisfestations Ulcer of the calf **Wounds are not HCC’s
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Metastatic Cancer Mets is the highest HCC $17,753 – only if the site it has metastasized to is documented H/O Breast Ca with Mets to lung V10.3 & 197.0 Prostate Ca on Lupron with bone Mets 185 & H/O Colon Ca with Mets to the liver V10.05 & 197.7 If you document like this the highest HCC opportunity will be missed Metastatic Breast Ca $1622 (if Breast ca is under treatment) & 199.1 Metastatic Colon Ca $1622 (if Colon ca is under treatment) & 199.1 Lung Ca with Mets $8213 (if Lung ca is under treatment) & 199.1 H/O Lung Ca with Mets $1622 V10.11 & 199.1
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Alcohol and Drug Dependence
Alcohol dependence, Chronic alcoholism or Alcoholism in remission & Drug dependence or Drug dependence in remission (opiate, anxiolytic, sedative, hypnotic, hallucinogen, or amphetamine) & Patient has arrived at a stage of physical dependency and would experience physical signs of withdrawal with sudden cessation **Alcohol abuse and drug abuse are not HCCs! 305.xx
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Major Depression/Malnutrition
Major depression 296.xx PHQ9 score > 10 5 of 9 DSMIV criteria Medication Following with a mental health provider **if only “Depression” 311 is documented…it is not an HCC code! Protein Calorie Malnutrition 263.x Commonly used indicators Albumin <3.4 10% unintentional weight loss in 3-6 mos 5% unintentional weight loss in 3-6 mos BMI <18.5, especially with a co-morbidity Poor nutrition or loss of appetite Wasting appearance or muscle wasting
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Common Omissions Year over Year
Artificial openings Gastrostomy V44.1 Colostomy V44.3 Tracheotomy V44.0 Ileostomy V44.2 Amputations BKA V49.75 AKA V49.76 Foot V49.73 Toe V49.71 Great Toe or V49.72 Other Toes AAA – Abdominal aortic aneurysm (w/o mention of rupture not repair) Aortic Atherosclerosis 440.0
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Malfunctions / Complications
Mechanical complication of device, implant or graft 996.xx Vascular, Nervous, Genitourinary, Internal orthopedic Infection/Inflammatory reaction due to internal device, implant or graft 996.xx Cardiac Vascular Nervous System Indwelling catheter Internal joint prosthesis, ortho or prosthetic device Other complications of device, implant or graft – occlusion, embolism, fibrosis, hemorrhage, pain, stenosis, thrombus 996.xx Vascular device, implant or graft Nervous system device, implant or graft Genitourinary device, implant or graft Internal joint prosthesis
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Examples of how much it matters?
HCC Code Annual Reimbursement HCC Diabetes with no complications $ 485 HCC x DM w/ ophthalmic manifestations $ 831 HCC X –3X DM w/ acute complications $ 948 HCC x DM w neurologic manifestations $1,338 HCC x DM w/ renal or peripheral circulatory manifestations $1,852 Note: Some categories have a hierarchy, such as Diabetes, in such categories, only the highest HCC would “count”
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Risk Adjustment Coding Examples
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Specificity Don’t report this If the pt really has
(Does not risk adjust) (Does risk adjust) 311 Depression xx Major Depression Asthma Chronic Obstructive Asthma 496 COPD/492.8 Emphysema 490 Bronchitis Chronic Bronchitis CAD Angina Unst Angina Cardiac Dysrhythmias Atrial Fibrillation 577.0 Chronic Pancreatitis Chronic Pancreatitis Hepatitis C Chronic Hepatitis C 805.8 Fx of Vertebrae Path FX of Vertebrae CVA Late Effects CVA w/ Hemiplegia
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“Additional Coding Examples”
Does NOT Risk Adjust: ~401.0 Malignant Hypertension ~ Coronary atherosclerosis ~ Atherosclerosis unspecified ~ Other specified cardiac dysrhythmia, other Does Risk Adjust: ~ Hypertensive Heart DX-Malignant w/o heart failure ~ Angina pectoris unspecified ~ 440.3X Atherosclerosis of by-pass graft of extremities ~ Atrial fibrillation
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Documentation Tips Don’t document “H/O” of any disease that currently exists. The statement “history of” in ICD-9 terms means that the patient no longer has this condition. However, “H/O” is ok when documenting some status conditions such as Amputation, Old MI or Cancer. Rule of thumb in coding is If a patient is on a medication for a condition and if the medication were to be stopped, would the condition resume, and the answer is mostly likely or yes, then you still code the condition. Examples H/O CHF – pt is on lasix 428.0 H/O Angina – pt has nitroquick 413.9 H/O COPD – pt is on Advair 496 This also applies to a pacemaker for SSS or Complete or 3rd degree heart attack..if the SSS or Heart Block is documented you can still code it or 426.0
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Treating, Managing or Assessing the Chronic Conditions
In order for CMS to make the payment to the health plan the diagnoses submitted must be from a face-to-face visit and the visit must indicate how the chronic conditions are being treated, managed or assessed Sample language Assessment Plan Stable Monitor Improved D/C meds Tolerating meds Continue meds Deteriorating Refer Example: Hypertensive CKD III, stable well controlled, continue meds Example: COPD, stable on Advair
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Critical Success Factors – Coding Guidelines
“Probable”, “suspected”, “questionable”, “R/O”, “versus”, “working diagnosis”, “?”, “likely”, etc. CANNOT be coded! Code the condition to the highest degree of certainty for that encounter/visit, such as symptoms, signs, abnormal test results, or other reason for the visit. A medical record entry must Be legible Support all diagnoses coded Be complete and accurate Have a provider signature and credentials Identify the patient and date of service Document the patient’s progress and results of treatment Justify the treatment and level of care Use only standard abbreviations and keep them to a minimum Promote continuity of care among the healthcare providers
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Coding Guidelines Coded according to the ICD-9-CM Guidelines for Coding and Reporting; assigned based on dates of service within the data collection period, Submitted to the MA organization from an appropriate risk adjustment provider type and an appropriate risk adjustment physician data source. The medical record documentation must support an assigned HCC. All chronic conditions must be assessed and reported no less than once a year… “If a patient is Diabetic, it must be in the chart every year”! All conditions must be documented in the medical record. Medical record must support codes reported on the claim or encounter form. Provider should document and code to the highest level of specificity. Each diagnosis must have an assessment and a plan.
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Coding Guidelines Which Medical Record(s) can be submitted for validation? Hospital Inpatient Hospital Outpatient Or Physician medical record when more than one option is available. What must Providers report? All diagnoses (not just primary diagnosis) that impact the patient’s evaluation, care, and treatment including: Main reason for visit, Co-existing acute conditions, Chronic conditions (such as A Fib, CHF, CKD, RA, DM, COPD/Asthma, Cardiomyopathy), Care rendered, Conclusion and diagnosis,
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Additional Coding Guidelines
Incomplete Inpatient Records Discharge summary Valid IP record for coding if it has both the admit and discharge dates Use Inpatient Coding guidelines to code Admission history and physical not valid for IP record coding Consults during the inpatient stay may be coded as physician records ER visit on the same date as admission date can be coded as an outpatient visit Use Inpatient Coding Guidelines to code
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Example of Good Documentation
Chief Complaint S: Voices no complaint except that she wishes she could visit her sister, who is hospitalized. States she is able to get around, including bathroom and cafeteria, without difficulty. Denies any pain or shortness of breath. No change in bowel or bladder habits. O: Patient alert, oriented to person, disoriented to place and time. No acute distress. Cardiac: RRR no rubs, gallops or murmurs noted Lungs CTA bilat. No cough or wheezing noted. Abd soft non tender to palpitation with Colostomy intact, skin dry and intact surrounding pink-red stoma, liquid brown feces. Diminished sensation LE bilaterally, skin cool with rubor. Old incision for L great toe amputation dry and intact. Able to ambulate to toilet and cafeteria with walker. A: Diabetes with peripheral circulatory disorders, currently controlled; with peripheral vascular disease due to diabetes; and diabetes with neurologic manifestations of diabetic polyneuropathy. Finger stick blood sugar ranges in past 2 weeks. Diabetes controlled on current regimen a.c. & h.s. insulin; sliding scale insulin if needed. V55.3 Functioning colostomy, no change in plan of care. V49.71 Old amputated L great toe - stable. Mild senile dementia (see notes October 10, 2006) Osteoporosis with vertebral fractures (see notes September 13, 2006). P: Continue current diet & insulin regimen. Retain sliding scale order for prn with notification parameters. Continue current activity level. Authenticated by: Physician, MD
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Tips Reason for Visit: This is the chief complaint of the patient:
Clear, Concise, Consistent, Complete, and Legible SOAP Approach: Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan Problem List Approach: a numbered and dated index of patient’s problems kept in front of medical record, from identification through resolution Reason for Visit: This is the chief complaint of the patient: “weakness, headache, and liver cancer” Care Rendered: This is what was done to address the chief complaint. “examination and blood work” Conclusion and Diagnosis: This is the outcome of the findings based on the care rendered. “Anemia with coexisting conditions of Adult onset diabetes, neuropathy, COPD, and Asthma”
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Top Ten HCC Groups COPD $3112 CHF $3198 Vascular Disease $2465
Asthma w/ chronic COPD (Chronic Obstructive Asthma) Chronic Bronchitis Emphysema CHF $3198 CHF Primary Cardiomyopathy (Ischemic is not an HCC) Hypertensive Heart Disease w/ heart failure Vascular Disease $2465 Peripheral Vascular Disease PVD in other diseases (diabetes) Acute DVT 440.0 Atherosclerosis of Aorta Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Cancer $1622-$8213 All malignant neoplasm’s including Melanoma but not skin cancer All secondary malignant neoplasm’s – Highest HCC if site is documented $17,753
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Top Ten HCC Groups Ischemic Heart Disease $2215
Unstable Angina Specified Heart Arrhythmia $2285 Complete AV block Atrial Fibrillation Sick Sinus Syndrome Diabetes $1264-$3962 All diabetes (250.xx) and most of the manifestations Ischemic or Unspecified Stroke $2067 CVA Unspecified cerebral artery occlusion, w/ infarction Angina/Old MI $1903 413.9 Angina Pectoris 412 Old MI Rheumatoid Arthritis & Inflammatory Connective Tissue Disease $2699 714.0 Rheumatoid Arthritis 710.0 SLE Polymyalgia Rheumatica Sacroiliitis
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Other Common HCC Codes 340 Multiple Sclerosis 332.0 Parkinson's
Seizure Disorder Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy 042 HIV 571.5 Liver Cirrhosis 556.9 Ulcerative Colitis 344.1 Paraplegia Quadriplegia
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Audits CMS audits medical records to validate documentation.
Validation Audits Superbills are not considered sufficient documentation … they are a reporting format only. Documentation must show the diagnosis was assigned within the data collection period. Data discrepancies that are found as a result of audit may cause a risk adjusted payment to be changed.
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We welcome your feedback and appreciate your cooperation.
Contact Information Please remember, “If it’s not documented, then…. It didn’t happen” Use proper ICD-9 CM coding and specificity Please call or us at anytime for questions or for assistance Jessica Rivas (818) ext. 430 Linda Deaktor (818) ext. 236 Kimberley Litzsey (818) ext. 303 We welcome your feedback and appreciate your cooperation.
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