1. BASICS OF SPORT AND EXERCISE PSYCHOLOGY

2. PSYCHOLOGY IS… The scientific study of the human mind and its effect on behavior

3. OBJECTIVES Understand the effects of psychological factors on physical and motor performance Understand the effects of physical activity participation on psychological development, health, and well-being

4. ROLES OF SPORT PSYCHOLOGISTS

5. RESEARCH ROLE Advance scholarly knowledge Try to answer questions that people have like: Do people have better race times when they are by themselves or with others?

6. TEACHING ROLE Teach university courses Teach students studying physical education, kinesiology, psychology, physical therapy, athletic training, etc.

7. CONSULTING ROLE Consult with individuals or teams to improve performance Most professional athletes have contact with sport psychologists Some colleges consult with sport psychologists

8. CLINICAL ROLE Treating individuals with psychological problems Examples include: depression, anxiety, eating disorders

9. HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT

10. EARLY YEARS (1893-1920) Norman Triplett (cyclists) E.W. Scripture- lab studies on reaction and muscle movement times

11. GRIFFITH ERA (1921-1938) Coleman Griffith Father of American sport psychology First sport psychology lab

12. PREPARATION FOR THE FUTURE (1939- 1965) Franklin Henry Responsible for the field’s scientific development Trained physical educators that started programs at other colleges

13. ACADEMIC SPORT PSYCHOLOGY (1966- 1977) Sport psychology splits from kinesiology Focus less on muscle movement, more on thinking

14. MULTIDISCIPLINARY SCIENCE AND PRACTICE (1978-2000) Interest in applied issues Defining training standards for specialists

15. CONTEMPORARY SPORT PSYCHOLOGY (2001-PRESENT) How to educated and prepare students Sport Psychology becomes a specialization according to the APA (American Psychological Association)

16. SCIENTIFIC STUDY

17. SCIENTIFIC METHOD Problem- Define the problem; Ask a question Observation- see what other people have already found out about it Hypothesis- What do you think is going to happen? Experiment- Design a way to test (experiment, survey, case study) the hypothesis Conclusion- What your experiment or study indicates

18. WAYS SPORT PSYCHOLOGY IS STUDIED Surveys Case Study Experiments

19. SURVEYS Problem: In a survey, you need two variables that are quantitative (meaning that they could have a range of scores) Observation: See what other surveys have said Hypothesis: Ask the question Experiment: Gather data; chart using a scatterplot to see if there is correlation Make a conclusion

20. LET’S TRY IT Problem: Are people who are taller happier? Observation: Why would anyone study that… Hypothesis: People who are taller will rate themselves as happier on a scale of 1-10 Experiment: Collect the data Conclusion:??????

21. CASE STUDY Observe someone’s behavior in-depth for a long period of time Really only gives insight into the individual

22. EXPERIMENTS Intended to show causation- one thing causes another Variables Independent- the item being altered Dependent- a result of the change Groups Experiment- the group being tested Control- the group used for comparison

23. LET’S TRY IT Problem: Are people faster as individuals or in a group? Observation: Triplett found that they are faster in a group Hypothesis: Students will perform a simple task faster when in competition with others Experiment: what are the two variables? What are the two groups? Conclusion:??????

24. WHY DO WE WANT SCIENTIFIC DATA Unbiased Data is controlled If it is an experiment, we can determine causation

25. PROFESSIONAL PRACTICE KNOWLEDGE

26. DEFINITION Knowledge gained through experience Not necessarily controlled or unbiased

27. MADE UP OF: Introspection (thinking) Systematic observation Shared public experience Intuition (gut- feeling)

28. SPORT PSYCHOLOGY ORIENTATIONS

29. PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL Brain processes and their influence on physical activity

30. SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL How behavior is determined by a complex interaction between the environment and personality

31. COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL Behavior is determined by both the environment and how people think about and interpret their environment

32. WHICH SPORT PSYCHOLOGY ORIENTATION?

33. PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL This orientation would study the brain and its structures.

34. SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL This orientation would study how competitive people are based on their personality.

35. COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL This orientation would study why some people are better at concentrating than others.

36. PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL This orientation would study how endorphins (chemicals in the brain) are affected by exercise.

37. SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL This orientation would study the qualities it takes to be a good leader.

38. SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL This orientation would study how groups get along based on shared experience and individual personalities.

39. COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL This orientation would study the thought processes that make a person more likely to exercise.

40. PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL This orientation would study how learning a new sport changes the structures of the brain

41. SOCIAL-PSYCHOLOGICAL This orientation would study how recovery from injury is either facilitated or hurt by social support.

42. PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGICAL This orientation would study how addictions to controlled substances (like steroids) are a result of altered neurotransmitter (brain chemicals) pattern.

43. COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL This orientation would study how self-confidence is affected by a positive view of the situation.

44. COGNITIVE-BEHAVIORAL This orientation would study how thinking about doing well affects the actual action.

45. ETHICS

46. ETHICAL STANDARDS IN SPORT PSYCHOLOGY Competence Integrity Professional and Scientific Responsibility Respect for People’s Rights and Dignity Concern for the Welfare of Others Social Responsibility