1. GEOCENTRICITY

2. Geocentricity vs. Geocentrism Animations courtesy of “Galileo Was Wrong.”

3. Geocentrism Geocentrism holds that the earth is at the center of the universe and that the universe is compartmentalized into different parts. Gravitation is a real force Centrifugal force is a fictitious force Coriolis force is a fictitious force When forming a theory, the effect of the universe can be ignored Quantum mechanics is separate from regular mechanics Geocentrism has no room for the Bible

4. Geocentricity Geocentricity is an integrated approach to the universe Gravitation is a real force Centrifugal force is a real, gravitational force Coriolis force is a real, gravitational force When forming a theory, the effect of the universe must be considered Quantum mechanics & regular mechanics originate from the rotating firmament Geocentricity, as an integrated model, has room for the Bible

5. Geocentrism

6. Geocentricity The Modified Tychonic model Tychonic

7. What Saith Mythology? The Copernican Revolution

8. Nicolaus Copernicus Proposed that the earth orbits the sun and rotates daily on an axis. Knew it was against Scripture, thus waited until he was about to die to publish it. Was encouraged to do so by the Pope & head of the Inquisition in 1535

10. Tycho Brahe Believed geocentric uni- verse is Scriptural Built equipment to prove Copernican model wrong Greatest naked-eye astronomer of all time Proposed a geocentric model that saved all appearances

12. Galileo Galilei Called the father of modern physics Used a telescope to destroy the Crystalline Sphere geocentrism Insisted that Copernican model was proven, which got him in trouble with the Church of Rome

13. Galileo on Scripture: The Scriptures teach us how to go to heaven, not how the heavens go.

14. It was moreover necessary in Scripture, in order that it be accommodated to the general understanding, to say things quite diverse... from absolute truth... physical effects placed before our eyes by sensible experience, … should not in any circumstances be called in doubt by passages in Scripture that verbally have different semblance, since not everything in Scripture is linked to such severe obligations as is every physical effect. Galileo on Scripture:

15. Galileo & the Church of Rome Called before Inquisition in 1611 & warned In 1633 wrote a book that made fun of the Pope Called before Inquisition again Was shown instruments of torture As with his first trial, he was released to his villa and a pension provided him by the RCC on the grounds that he not teach heliocentrism as fact Before he died he changed his mind and concluded that the Geocentric Model was true after all.

16. “Proofs” of heliocentrism Aberration Parallax Retrograde motion of the planets Foucault pendulum Geostationary satellite Earth as seen from the moon Seasons

17. Aberration: heliocentric & geocentric

18. Parallax Click on figure for animation

19. Retrograde Motion There are times when the planets go backwards Heliocentric explanation explanation Geocentric explanation explanation

20. Foucault Pendulum A Foucault pendulum is said to prove the rotation of the earth It only demonstrates a relative rotation between earth and universe It cannot tell which is actually rotating

21. Geostationary satellite Communications satellites etc. hover over one point on earth’s equator Claim is that they should fall to earth But Recall that centrifugal force is a REAL, GRAVITATIONAL force in geocentric model, not a fictitious force as in the heliocentric model Geostationary satellite is not stationary as far as the universe is concerned

22. Earth as seen from the Moon Astronauts on the moon saw the earth rotate Therefore, we have proof that the Earth rotates, not the universe A rider on a merry-go-round horse sees the central engine rotate Therefore, we have proof that the engine rotates, not the merry-go-round platform

23. The Seasons

24. What Saith Modern Science?

25. Airy’s Failure An experiment involving aberration A water-filled telescope should be pointed further ahead than an air- filled telescope Airy found they point the same Implies the earth does not orbit the sun but that the star follows the sun in its yearly motion Or Fresnell Drag, or Relativity ….

26. Michelson-Morley Experiment Tried to detect the motion of the earth about the sun Found none

27. Mach’s Principle Found that geometry requires geocentricity and heliocentrism to yield identical results Thus no experiment can prove one over the other Inertia due to the gravity of all objects in the universe

28. Sagnac Experiment An experiment related to the Michelson-Morley test Designed to test for the rotation of the earth Got a positive result However, cannot tell if earth rotates or cosmos rotates about earth

29. The Firmament By the early 1930s it was clear that there was a hidden medium underlying all of space In the 1980s this was identified as the firmament of Genesis chapter 1.

30. Lense-Thirring Effect Derived from a geocentric model in 1918 Paper in Physikalische Zeitschr. Vol. 19 Assumes universe is a shell rotating about the earth (or some central point) Finds there should be an effect not discoverable in a heliocentric model Gravity Probe B satellite etc. have apparently found it Claimed to be proof of Relativity, but…

31. Sir Fred Hoyle We know that the difference between a heliocentric theory and a geocentric theory is one of relative motion only, and that such a difference has no physical significance. — Astronomy and Cosmology, 1975, p. 416.

32. What Saith Scripture?

33. The question of the earth’s motion was the single point in which orthodoxy came into real contact with science... for the stability of the earth is as clearly assumed from one end of the Old Testament to the other as the solidity of iron. Those who take the Bible to be totidem verbis dictated by the God of Truth can refuse to believe it... [but] ignorance apart, every word is truth, or the writer did not mean truth. But this puts the whole book on its trial: for we can never find out what the writer meant, unless we otherwise find out what is true.... Common sense will either accept the verbal meaning or deny verbal inspiration. —Augustus de Morgan, 1916 edition of A Budget of Paradoxes Why is it important?

34. Ecclesiastes 1:5 The sun also ariseth, and the sun goeth down, and hasteth to his place where he arose.

35. Language of Appearances? Genesis 19:23 "The sun was risen upon the earth when Lot entered into Zoar.” NOT literally true

36. Language of Appearances? Genesis 19:23 "The sun was risen upon the earth when Lot entered into Zoar.” NOT literally true Mark 16:9 "Now when Jesus was risen early the first day of the week, he appeared first to Mary Magdalene, out of whom he had cast seven devils." Literally true

37. Malachi 4:2 But unto you that fear my name shall the Sun of righteousness arise with healing in his wings; and ye shall go forth, and grow up as calves of the stall.

38. Genesis 1:16 And God made two great lights; the greater light to rule the day, and the lesser light to rule the night: he made the stars also.

39. Heliocentric case for Gen. 1:16

40. Geocentric case for Gen. 1:16

41. Joshua 10:12-13 12 Then spake Joshua to the LORD in the day when the LORD delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel, and he said in the sight of Israel, Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, Moon, in the valley of Ajalon. 13 And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.

42. Isaiah 38:8 Behold, I will bring again the shadow of the degrees, which is gone down in the sun dial of Ahaz, ten degrees backward. So the sun returned ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down.

43. Psalm 19:6 His going forth is from the end of the heaven, and his circuit unto the ends of it: and there is nothing hid from the heat thereof.

44. Yearly solar motion about the earth

45. The Geocentric Model

46. Tycho Brahe’s original model

47. Modified Tychonic Model

48. The Norwalt Orrery set at the first day of winter.

49. Joshua's Long Day

50. Joshua 10:12-13 12 Then spake Joshua to the LORD in the day when the LORD delivered up the Amorites before the children of Israel, and he said in the sight of Israel, Sun, stand thou still upon Gibeon; and thou, Moon, in the valley of Ajalon. 13 And the sun stood still, and the moon stayed, until the people had avenged themselves upon their enemies. Is not this written in the book of Jasher? So the sun stood still in the midst of heaven, and hasted not to go down about a whole day.

51. Joshua’s Long Day

52. Hezekiah’s Sign

53. Isaiah 38:8 Behold, I will bring again the shadow of the degrees, which is gone down in the sun dial of Ahaz, ten degrees backward. So the sun returned ten degrees, by which degrees it was gone down.

54. Hezekiah’s Sign