1. 1 The City School Gulshan Senior Girls Welcome خوش آمدید to Computer Studies: 7010/1/2/3 By Sabihuddin Ahmed

2. Agenda 1.Introduction to Computer studiesIntroduction to Computer studies 2.Subject AimsSubject Aims 3.Learning OutcomesLearning Outcomes 4.Key-worded SyllabusKey-worded Syllabus 5.Syllabus CoverageSyllabus Coverage 6.Curriculum ContentsCurriculum Contents 7.History of ComputerHistory of Computer 8.Generation of ComputersGeneration of Computers 9.The Big PictureThe Big Picture 10.What is ComputerWhat is Computer 11.Inside ComputerInside Computer 12.Layers of ComputerLayers of Computer 13.Layers of SoftwareLayers of Software By: Sabihuddin Ahmed

3. 3 An Introduction to Computer Studies Computer studies is a rapidly changing and increasingly popular subject area. This subject is intended for students who are meeting the subject for the first time. It gives full coverage of computer applications, the core and optional material from many examination syllabuses and is particularly relevant to students taking Computer Studies 7010/1/2/3, Cambridge O-level or International GCSE examinations. Major features include: full coverage of applications; a structured introduction to programming in a language-independent style; extensive coverage of techniques in systems analysis and design, algorithms, flow charts, DFDs and other areas of computers. By: Sabihuddin Ahmed

4. 4 The aims of this subject are to provide an introduction to computing concepts and the technologies behind it, and To develop basic skills, analysis and logically applying in using software tools for productivity gains and utilizing the computer. No prior programming or computer science experience is required. (state what the student is expected to be able to do at the end of the course according to a given standard of performance) Subject Aims: Course Intended Learning Outcomes (CILOs) By: Sabihuddin Ahmed

5. 5 1.Demonstrate knowledge of the basic operation and organization of a computer system; 2.Demonstrate knowledge of the structure and operation of computer and the Internet; 3.Efficiently use common end-user productivity software tools; 4.Effectively use common Internet applications; 5.Do basic database application and posting; 6.Identify security risks in computer systems 7.Identify methods of security either logical or physical 8.Economic and social implication of computer on society 9.Other related business, industrial and indigenous issues of computers Learning Outcomes By: Sabihuddin Ahmed

6. 6 1.SDLC, Algorithms, Flow charts, DFDs, ERDs, databases 2.Ms-Office—access, excel, word 3.Operating systems, softwares, hardware & peripheral devices 4.Communication systems, data logging, ATMs 5.Pseudo-codes, loops, conditional statements gantt chart 6.Programming in BASIC/VB 7.Input & output devices, optical devices 8.Printers 9.Networks (LAN, MAN & WAN), network devices, internet 10.Data checking 11.Utility programs, translators, DBMS, system software 12.Microprocessors 13.Digital devices 14.Classification of computers 15.Types of computers 16.Distributed systems 17.Sensors, robots 18.ISP service providers 19.Measuring units, bits & bytes, signals, buses 20.Interfaces 21.Controlled systems 22.Storage devices 23.Memories (internal/primary & secondary/external) 24.Computer securities 25.Computer misuse acts 26.social and economic implications of computers in the society 27.E-Commerce related topics (online sales, purchases and buying) 28.Real-time, on-line, off- line, batch processing 29.Parities 30.Weather forecasting 31.AD & DA converters 32.Real world problems & 33.Other referential material. Key-worded Syllabus Note: See Cambridge Syllabus for comprehensive contents. By: Sabihuddin Ahmed Computer Studies: By Sabihuddin Ahmed

7. 7 Syllabus 2010 - 2012 By: Sabihuddin Ahmed

8. 8 Curriculum Contents The sections of the syllabus are: 1 Applications of computers and their social and economic implications 2 System analysis 3 Problem solution, including algorithm design and programming concepts 4 Generic software and the organisation of data 5 Hardware, systems and communication 6 Topics to be covered in Paper 3: Alternative to Coursework. By: Sabihuddin Ahmed

9. 9 History of Computing Abacus: appeared around 16 th century BCAbacus: appeared around 16 th century BC –Developed in Babylonia –Imported to China and improved substantially around 1200’s BC –Modern abacus is an improved variety from Japan after the World War II Pascal’s Arithmetic Machine (Pascaline)Pascal’s Arithmetic Machine (Pascaline) –French mathematician, physicist, theologian, philosopher –The first mechanical calculator –Developed in 1642 (only at 19 years old) only add/subtract 10 toothed wheels Leibniz’s CalculatorLeibniz’s Calculator –Developed in 1673 based on Pascal’s machine –Can do add/subtract/multiply/divide By: Sabihuddin Ahmed

10. 10 Computer Generations 1 st generation computers1 st generation computers –Vacuum tube, 1946-1957, 40K operations/sec 2 nd generation computers2 nd generation computers –Transistor, 1958-1964, 200 K operations/sec Smaller, cheaper, less heat dissipation William Shockley et al. in 1947 at Bell Labs 3 rd generation computers3 rd generation computers –SSI, MSI, 1965-1971, 1 M operations/sec 4 th generation computers4 th generation computers –LSI, 1972-1977, 10 M operations/sec 5 th generation computers5 th generation computers –VLSI, 1978 to date, 100 M operations/sec By: Sabihuddin Ahmed

11. 11 The Big Picture By: Sabihuddin Ahmed Computer Studies: By Sabihuddin Ahmed

12. 12 Computer: What is a Computer? By: Sabihuddin Ahmed

13. 13 What’s Inside a Computer System? By: Sabihuddin Ahmed

14. 14 What is Computer? ComputerComputer –A kind of digital system All the information is represented, stored, and processed in binary digits. –A programmable device Processor inside – microprocessors, digital signal processor (DSP), microcontroller, etc. Processors can be programmed using their machine instructions. HardwareHardware –The physical elements of a computing system Printer, mother boards, wires, keyboard, CPU, DRAM, HDD, CD-ROM, network cards,.. SoftwareSoftware –The programs that provide the instructions for a computer to execute Operating systems: Windows, Linux, MacOS Translators: C compilers, Java interpreters, FORTRAN compilers Applications; Internet Explorer, Microsoft Office, flight simulators, games, et By: Sabihuddin Ahmed

15. 15 Layers of a Computer System By: Sabihuddin Ahmed

16. 16 Information LayerInformation Layer –How to represent numbers, texts, images, audios, and videos –All the information is represented using binary digits, i.e. bits (0s and 1s) Hardware LayerHardware Layer –Physical components; CPU, memory, HDD, motherboards, gates and circuits Programming LayerProgramming Layer –Machine language, assembly language, high-level language, software Operating System LayerOperating System Layer –Interact with users, schedule programs, and manage hardware resources Application LayerApplication Layer –Solve real-world problems –Run application programs to use computer’s abilities to perform various tasks Communication LayerCommunication Layer –Computers are connected into networks so that they can share information and resources Layers of a Computer System: Cont’d… By: Sabihuddin Ahmed

17. 17 Layers of Software Low-level languages By: Sabihuddin Ahmed

18. 18 1.Application Package: 1.Application Package: A software package that is created for a specific purpose or industry. 2.System Software: 2.System Software: System software refers to the files and programs that make up your computer's operating system. System files include libraries of functions, system services, drivers for printers and other hardware, system preferences, and other configuration files. The programs that are part of the system software include assemblers, compilers, file management tools, system utilities, and debuggers. 3.High-Level Languages: 3.High-Level Languages: A programming language such as C, FORTRAN, or Pascal that enables a programmer to write programs that are more or less independent of a particular type of computer. Such languages are considered high-level because they are closer to human languages and further from machine languages. Layers of Software By: Sabihuddin Ahmed

19. 19 4.Assembly Language: 4.Assembly Language: Assembly languages have the same structure and set of commands as machine languages, but they enable a programmer to use names instead of numbers.Each type of CPU has its own machine language and assembly language, so an assembly language program written for one type of CPU won't run on another. 5.Machine Language: 5.Machine Language: Machine languages are the only languages understood by computers. While easily understood by computers, machine languages are almost impossible for humans to use because they consist entirely of numbers. Low-level languages: By: Sabihuddin Ahmed

20. Good Luck For your Future Endeavors! 20 The City School Gulshan Senior Girls By: Sabihuddin Ahmed