1. Persuasive Writing Lesson 2

3. Step 1: Read the prompt carefully before you begin. Writing Situation: Writing Situation: Many cities are requiring children under the age of 16 to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. Consider the advantages and disadvantages of wearing helmets. Directions for Writing: Write a persuasive essay stating whether children under the age of 16 should be required wear helmets. Give reasons to support your position arguing in such a convincing manner that others will agree with you.

4. Step 2: Take a stand. Think about the stand that will provide three reasons for argument.

5. Step 3: Prepare the graphic organizer. Now fold your paper into 4 squares.

6. Step 4: Complete the graphic organizer. Unfold the paper and draw a box in the center. In the center box write a sentence to convey your stand.

7. Step 3: Complete the graphic organizer. Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. Write one reason you think helmets should be required. Example: Children under the age of 16 feel invincible. Example: Physical injury from these types of accidents make demands on our health care system. Summarize your 3 reasons. Example: Non- helmet use can cause more traffic fatalities. Write another reason you think helmets should be required. It is important to wear a helmet. This is one way to prevent fatalities. Children under the age of 16 need someone looking out for them because they feel invincible. The serious physical injuries resulting from not wearing a helmet put a real strain on the health care system.

8. Step 3: Complete the graphic organizer. Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. Write 3 details about this reason. Example: Children under the age of 16 feel invincible. Lack of maturity Understanding of consequences Video games – get another life. Example: Physical injury from these types of accidents make demands on resources. Long term care Health Care expense Convalescent Home Summarize your 3 reasons. Example: Non-helmet use can cause more traffic fatalities. Head injuries Reckless Unnecessary grief Write 3 details about this reason Write 3 details about this reason. It is important to wear a helmet. This is one way to prevent fatalities. Children under the age of 16 need someone looking out for them because they feel invincible. The serious physical injuries resulting from not wearing a helmet put a real strain on the health care system.

9. Step 3: Complete the graphic organizer. Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. Elaborate on one detail. Example: Non-helmet use can cause more traffic fatalities. Head injuries Reckless Unnecessary grief ELABORATE

10. Step 3: Complete the graphic organizer. Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. Example: Example: Children under the age of 16 feel invincible. Lack of maturity Understanding of consequences Video games – get another life. An unhelmeted motorcyclist is 40 %more likely to suffer a fatal head injury and 15% more likely to suffer a nonfatal injury than a helmeted motorcyclist when involved in a crash. Elaborate on one detail. Those under 16 do not often consider the dedication of a loved one caring for a quadriplegics resulting from an unhelmeted accident. ELABORATE

11. Step 3: Complete the graphic organizer. Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. Example: Example: Children under the age of 16 feel invincible. Lack of maturity Understanding of consequences Video games – get another life. An unhelmeted motorcyclist is 40 %more likely to suffer a fatal head injury and 15% more likely to suffer a nonfatal injury than a helmeted motorcyclist when involved in a crash. Elaborate on one detail. Those under 16 do not often consider the dedication of a loved one caring for a quadriplegics resulting from an unhelmeted accident. Example: Physical injury from these types of accidents make demands on resources. Long term care Health Care expense Convalescent Home Elaborate on one detail. NHTSA estimates that motorcycle helmet use saved $19.5 billion in economic costs from 1984 through 2002. ELABORATE

12. Step 5: Add transitions. Non-helmet use can cause more traffic fatalities. Head injuries Reckless Unnecessary grief Children under the age of 16 feel invincible. Lack of maturity Understanding of consequences Video games – get another life. Physical injury from these types of accidents make demands on resources. Long term care Health Care expense Convalescent Home It is important to wear a helmet. This is one way to prevent fatalities. Children under the age of 16 need someone looking out for them because they feel invincible. The serious physical injuries resulting from not wearing a helmet put a real strain on the health care system. Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. An unhelmeted motorcyclist is 40 %more likely to suffer a fatal head injury and 15% more likely to suffer a nonfatal injury than a helmeted motorcyclist when involved in a crash. For example,Moreover, In other words, For these reasons, A list of transition words is online! online NHTSA estimates that motorcycle helmet use saved $19.5 billion in economic costs from 1984 through 2002. Those under 16 do not often consider the dedication of a loved one caring for a quadriplegics resulting from an unhelmeted accident.

13. Step 5: Add transitions. Non-helmet use can cause more traffic fatalities. Head injuries Reckless Unnecessary grief Children under the age of 16 feel invincible. Lack of maturity Understanding of consequences Video games – get another life. Physical injury from these types of accidents make demands on resources. Long term care Health Care expense Convalescent Home It is important to wear a helmet. This is one way to prevent fatalities. Children under the age of 16 need someone looking out for them because they feel invincible. The serious physical injuries resulting from not wearing a helmet put a real strain on the health care system. Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. An unhelmeted motorcyclist is 40 %more likely to suffer a fatal head injury and 15% more likely to suffer a nonfatal injury than a helmeted motorcyclist when involved in a crash. For example,Moreover, In other words, For these reasons, A list of transition words is online! online NHTSA estimates that motorcycle helmet use saved $19.5 billion in economic costs from 1984 through 2002. Those under 16 do not often consider the dedication of a loved one caring for a quadriplegics resulting from an unhelmeted accident.

14. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to the paper. Each square will become a paragraph. Non-helmet use can cause more traffic fatalities. Head injuries Reckless Unnecessary grief Children under the age of 16 feel invincible. Lack of maturity Understanding of consequences Video games – get another life. Physical injury from these types of accidents make demands on resources. Long term care Health Care expense Convalescent Home It is important to wear a helmet. This is one way to prevent fatalities. Children under the age of 16 need someone looking out for them because they feel invincible. The serious physical injuries resulting from not wearing a helmet put a real strain on the health care system. An unhelmeted motorcyclist is 40 %more likely to suffer a fatal head injury and 15% more likely to suffer a nonfatal injury than a helmeted motorcyclist when involved in a crash. NHTSA estimates that motorcycle helmet use saved $19.5 billion in economic costs from 1984 through 2002. Those under 16 do not often consider the dedication of a loved one caring for a quadriplegics resulting from an unhelmeted accident. For example, Moreover, In other words, For these reasons, Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing.

15. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to the paper. The introductory paragraph (the center box) sums up each reason. Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. Not wearing a helmet results in more fatalities. Helmets take care of children who do not understand the full consequences of their choices. Many resources are tapped caring for those injured as a result of not wearing a helmet.

16. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to the paper. Begin the introductory paragraph with a hook. Samples of hooks can be found online. online Mark Twain once said, “Laws control the lesser man... Right conduct controls the greater one.” This can also be said of the helmet law. Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. Not wearing a helmet results in more fatalities. Helmets take care of children who do not understand the full consequences of their choices. Many resources are tapped caring for those injured as a result of not wearing a helmet.

17. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to paper. Non-helmet use can cause more traffic fatalities. Head injuries Reckless Unnecessary grief Children under the age of 16 feel invincible. Lack of maturity Understanding of consequences Video games – get another life. Physical injury from these types of accidents make demands on resources. Long term care Health Care expense Convalescent Home It is important to wear a helmet. This is one way to prevent fatalities. Children under the age of 16 need someone looking out for them because they feel invincible. The serious physical injuries resulting from not wearing a helmet put a real strain on the health care system. Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. An unhelmeted motorcyclist is 40 %more likely to suffer a fatal head injury and 15% more likely to suffer a nonfatal injury than a helmeted motorcyclist when involved in a crash. For example, Moreover, In other words, For these reasons, NHTSA estimates that motorcycle helmet use saved $19.5 billion in economic costs from 1984 through 2002. Those under 16 do not often consider the dedication of a loved one caring for a quadriplegics resulting from an unhelmeted accident. Next Paragraph

18. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to the paper. For example, non-helmet use can cause more traffic fatalities. Those not wearing helmets are more prone to head injuries. An unhelmeted motorcyclist is 40 % more likely to suffer a fatal head injury and 15% more likely to suffer a nonfatal injury than a helmeted motorcyclist when involved in a crash. Those reckless enough to endanger themselves without wearing a helmet are more likely to also endanger others. These actions cause unnecessary grief. Next Paragraph

19. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to paper. Non-helmet use can cause more traffic fatalities. Head injuries Reckless Unnecessary grief Children under the age of 16 feel invincible. Lack of maturity Understanding of consequences Video games – get another life. Physical injury from these types of accidents make demands on resources. Long term care Health Care expense Convalescent Home It is important to wear a helmet. This is one way to prevent fatalities. Children under the age of 16 need someone looking out for them because they feel invincible. The serious physical injuries resulting from not wearing a helmet put a real strain on the health care system. Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. An unhelmeted motorcyclist is 40 %more likely to suffer a fatal head injury and 15% more likely to suffer a nonfatal injury than a helmeted motorcyclist when involved in a crash. For example, Moreover, In other words, For these reasons, NHTSA estimates that motorcycle helmet use saved $19.5 billion in economic costs from 1984 through 2002. Those under 16 do not often consider the dedication of a loved one caring for a quadriplegics resulting from an unhelmeted accident. Next Paragraph

20. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to the paper. Moreover, children under the age of 16 feel invincible. They lack the maturity to make such crucial decisions on their own. Those under 16 do not often consider the dedication of a loved one caring for a quadriplegics resulting from an unhelmeted accident. They lack the ability to not fully understand the consequences of their choices. Video games give young people a false sense of a chance at another opportunity at life. Next Paragraph

21. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to paper. Non-helmet use can cause more traffic fatalities. Head injuries Reckless Unnecessary grief Children under the age of 16 feel invincible. Lack of maturity Understanding of consequences Video games – get another life. Physical injury from these types of accidents make demands on resources. Long term care Health Care expense Convalescent Home It is important to wear a helmet. This is one way to prevent fatalities. Children under the age of 16 need someone looking out for them because they feel invincible. The serious physical injuries resulting from not wearing a helmet put a real strain on the health care system. Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. An unhelmeted motorcyclist is 40 %more likely to suffer a fatal head injury and 15% more likely to suffer a nonfatal injury than a helmeted motorcyclist when involved in a crash. For example, Moreover, In other words, For these reasons, NHTSA estimates that motorcycle helmet use saved $19.5 billion in economic costs from 1984 through 2002. Those under 16 do not often consider the dedication of a loved one caring for a quadriplegics resulting from an unhelmeted accident. Next Paragraph

22. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to the paper. In other words, physical injury from these types of accidents make demands on resources. Those suffering from injuries received from not wearing helmets often require long term care. The cost to the health care system is great. NHTSA estimates that motorcycle helmet use saved $19.5 billion in economic costs from 1984 through 2002. Many spend months in convalescent homes. Next Paragraph

23. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to the paper. Voting is your way to state your concerns and beliefs. Taxes Education War Every vote counts and is important. Close elections for office Close elections for laws/decisions Send mandates to the government. Through voting we practice "democracy“ which we are trying to bring to others. Example being set Demonstrate belief in democracy Respect for lives being lost protecting democracy It is important to exercise the right to vote. Through this process our beliefs and concerns are conveyed. Although many election contests are won by comfortable margins, some have been so close that a single vote has made the difference. We must show the world the importance of voting in a democracy. Voting is not only the privilege but the responsibility of every 18 year-old. Congress can help or hinder families trying to raise their children Everyone remembers the 2000 election between Bush and Gore that was too close to call for weeks. 2,000 American Troops that have lost their lives in Iraq trying to bring democracy and the right to vote to that nation. For example, Moreover, In other words, For these reasons, Summary Paragraph

24. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to paper. Non-helmet use can cause more traffic fatalities. Head injuries Reckless Unnecessary grief Children under the age of 16 feel invincible. Lack of maturity Understanding of consequences Video games – get another life. Physical injury from these types of accidents make demands on resources. Long term care Health Care expense Convalescent Home It is important to wear a helmet. This is one way to prevent fatalities. Children under the age of 16 need someone looking out for them because they feel invincible. The serious physical injuries resulting from not wearing a helmet put a real strain on the health care system. Children under the age of 16 should be required to wear helmets while biking, scooting, skateboarding, rollerblading, and skiing. An unhelmeted motorcyclist is 40 %more likely to suffer a fatal head injury and 15% more likely to suffer a nonfatal injury than a helmeted motorcyclist when involved in a crash. For example, Moreover, In other words, For these reasons, NHTSA estimates that motorcycle helmet use saved $19.5 billion in economic costs from 1984 through 2002. Those under 16 do not often consider the dedication of a loved one caring for a quadriplegics resulting from an unhelmeted accident. Summary Paragraph

25. Step 6: From the graphic organizer to the paper. For these reasons, it is important to wear a helmet. This is one way to prevent fatalities. Children under the age of 16 need someone looking out for them because they feel invincible. The serious physical injuries resulting from not wearing a helmet put a real strain on the health care system. Protect yourself and others…wear a helmet! Summary Paragraph Ending PUNCH

26. Step 7: Vocabulary Review your paragraphs. Can you add adjectives (describing words) and interesting adverbs (describing action words)? ADJECTIVESADVERBS

27. Step 7: Vocabulary BEFORE: Many resources are tapped caring for those injured as a result of not wearing a helmet. AFTER: Many precious resources are exhausted caring for those seriously injured as a result of not wearing a helmet.

28. Step 7: Vocabulary Remember: The more sophisticated vocabulary you use…the higher your score. bad dreadful

29. Step 8: Visual Expression Use metaphors and similes to give your essay more visual expression. The cost to the health care system is great. The cost to the health care system drains our economy like a leaky faucet.

30. Step 9: Reread Your Work Reread your work to make sure you have: Taken a stand and stay on the topic Given your reasons in the introductory paragraph Have paragraphs that support each reason Elaborate on a reason in each paragraph Have a summary paragraph that restates your reasons Begin each paragraph with a transition word Include adjectives, adverbs, similes, and metaphors