1. ©2008 www.sandc.com Southwest Electrical Distribution Exchange (SWEDE) May 2, 2008 Materials and Equipment John Macek Application Director, S&C Electric Company

2. ©2008 www.sandc.com TripSaver 1-Phase Recloser

3. S&C TripSaver – What Is It? A self-powered electronically controlled vacuum interrupterA self-powered electronically controlled vacuum interrupter –mounted in a standard cutout mounting –no batteries required –no replaceable parts –20 pounds –no dials to set

4. S&C TripSaver – What Is It? A self-powered electronically controlled vacuum interrupterA self-powered electronically controlled vacuum interrupter –mounted in a standard cutout mounting –no batteries required –no replaceable parts –20 pounds –no dials to set And it drops open and automatically resetsAnd it drops open and automatically resets

5. S&C TripSaver – Operation Model with –K100 control moduleModel with –K100 control module – open -total clear first shot (1.5 to 2 cycles)  5 seconds open (reclose interval) – reclose -100K total clear time- delay curve (armed for 15 seconds) – open – dropout – reset-5 sec – manual close by operator

6. TripSaver Advantages EconomicalEconomical LightweightLightweight Easy to InstallEasy to Install PortablePortable Visible BreakVisible Break Improves reliabilityImproves reliability Allows Fuse SavingsAllows Fuse Savings

7. ©2008 www.sandc.com IntelliRupter ® PulseCloser 3-Phase Recloser

9. Upright Crossarm, Disconnect Style

10. What Is Pulseclosing? Acquires the same key information as conventional reclosing…Acquires the same key information as conventional reclosing… –determine whether the system is faulted or not –without the harmful side effects of reclosing  voltage sags  mechanical stresses  thermal stresses  equipment damage Can be applied on radial, looped, or complex multi- source systemsCan be applied on radial, looped, or complex multi- source systems

11. Point-on-Wave Closing If closing angle is 118° after a voltage zero, you get initial minor loop plus major loop of asym. fault currentIf closing angle is 118° after a voltage zero, you get initial minor loop plus major loop of asym. fault current By opening before major loop, you get only minor loopBy opening before major loop, you get only minor loop CLOSING ANGLE 118 ° AFTER VOLTAGE ZERO Voltage Current This Is the Pulse!

12. Energy Let-Through

13. Pulseclosing Energy Fault I 2 t let-through is typically less than 2% compared to a conventional recloseFault I 2 t let-through is typically less than 2% compared to a conventional reclose Fault 1 Fault 2 Fault 3

14. Conventional Reclosing B Phase Permanent Fault Test 1 Test 2 Initial Trip Time (sec)

15. Pulseclosing B Phase Permanent Fault Test 1Test 2Initial Trip Fault- Pulses Time (sec) Fault- Pulses

16. Pulseclosing B Phase Temporary Fault Test 1Test 2Initial Trip Time (sec) Fault-Pulses Load-Pulse Close

17. Effects of Pulseclosing on Coordination Sequence reset time of upline device must be greater than the longest contiguous pulse sequenceSequence reset time of upline device must be greater than the longest contiguous pulse sequence Pulses are too short to start upline device overcurrent timingPulses are too short to start upline device overcurrent timing Closed Open Closed Open Recloser Pulsecloser Fault Initiation 1 2 34 IT T1 T2 T3 T4

18. Effects of Pulseclosing on Coordination Upline fuses do not accumulate heating for pulsesUpline fuses do not accumulate heating for pulses Upline electromechanical relays do not accumulate time for pulsesUpline electromechanical relays do not accumulate time for pulses Open Closed Open Closed Recloser Pulsecloser 1 2 34 T1 T2 T3 T4 IT Fault Initiation

19. PulseFinding IntelliRupter’s PulseFinding capability helps recover from mis-coordination. This reduces SAIFI and SAIDIIntelliRupter’s PulseFinding capability helps recover from mis-coordination. This reduces SAIFI and SAIDI Lockout R2 R1 Lockout R1 Lockout IR2 Lockout IR2 IR1 Closed Open Pulsing Recloser Pulsecloser

20. PulseFinding Non-communicating automatic sectionalizing and restorationNon-communicating automatic sectionalizing and restoration Coordinate using TCCs to the extent possibleCoordinate using TCCs to the extent possible Then use shared curves for remaining devicesThen use shared curves for remaining devices

21. PulseFinding Pulseclosing a String of Devices 5 series IntelliRupters, 4 with identical protection settings5 series IntelliRupters, 4 with identical protection settings –Step 1: All devices closed IR1 IR3IR2 IR4 IR5 600 A IEEE Inverse 400 A IEEE Inverse

22. PulseFinding Pulseclosing a String of Devices 5 series IntelliRupters, 4 with identical protection settings5 series IntelliRupters, 4 with identical protection settings –Step 2: Permanent fault. IR2, IR3, IR4 trip –pulsefinding logic ensures that IR3 and IR4 open even if they had not tripped yet, assuming they are timing on overcurrent and near tripping when an upline device trips IR1IR3 IR2 IR4 IR5

23. PulseFinding Pulseclosing a String of Devices 5 series IntelliRupters, 4 with identical protection settings5 series IntelliRupters, 4 with identical protection settings –Step 3: IR2 pulsecloses to test the line IR1 IR3 IR2 IR4 IR5

24. PulseFinding Pulseclosing a String of Devices 5 series IntelliRupters, 4 with identical protection settings5 series IntelliRupters, 4 with identical protection settings –Step 4: IR2 closes, energizing IR3 IR1IR3 IR2 IR4 IR5

25. PulseFinding Pulseclosing a String of Devices 5 series IntelliRupters, 4 with identical protection settings5 series IntelliRupters, 4 with identical protection settings –Step 5: IR3 pulsecloses to test the line IR1 IR3 IR4 IR5 IR2

26. PulseFinding Pulseclosing a String of Devices 5 series IntelliRupters, 4 with identical protection settings5 series IntelliRupters, 4 with identical protection settings –Step 6: IR3 closes, energizing IR4 IR1 IR3 IR2IR4 IR5

27. PulseFinding Pulseclosing a String of Devices 5 series IntelliRupters, 4 with identical protection settings5 series IntelliRupters, 4 with identical protection settings –Step 7: IR4 pulsecloses to test the line IR1 IR3 IR2 IR4 IR5

28. PulseFinding Pulseclosing a String of Devices 5 series IntelliRupters, 4 with identical protection settings5 series IntelliRupters, 4 with identical protection settings –Step 8: IR4 pulsecloses again, eventually locks out IR1IR3 IR2 IR4 IR5

29. Pulseclosing Loops New technology to enhance loop systems.New technology to enhance loop systems. Tests the line without “reclosing” into the fault.Tests the line without “reclosing” into the fault. Expand loop systems to unlimited number of devices.Expand loop systems to unlimited number of devices. Overcomes the coordination constraint.Overcomes the coordination constraint.

30. Conclusion Pulseclosing tests overhead distribution circuits for the presence or absence of faults Pulseclosing tests overhead distribution circuits for the presence or absence of faults –eliminates voltage sags from reclosing into faults –reduces stress on power system equipment Pulsefinding overcomes the coordination constraint Pulsefinding overcomes the coordination constraint –proper segmentation for unlimited number of devices. No communication needed –use as fast-recovery backup to communication- enabled protection and restoration systems –use to add sectionalizing to overhead systems

31. Fuse-Saving Curve SOURCE R1 3000 5200 Saves fuse if it can No trips if it cannot Saves fuse if it can No trips if it cannot Fuse Fuse Saving Curve

32. ©2008 www.sandc.com IntelliTeam ® II Feeder Automation

33. S&C’s ITII Feeder Automation Peer to Peer Distributed Logic Feeder AutomationPeer to Peer Distributed Logic Feeder Automation Works with Switches, Reclosers, and BreakersWorks with Switches, Reclosers, and Breakers –Overhead and Underground Auto RestorationAuto Restoration ExpandableExpandable

34. Logic resides in control firmwareLogic resides in control firmware Configured, not programmedConfigured, not programmed S&C’s ITII Feeder Automation

35. Application

36. Segmentation Advantages Radial Load-Interrupting Looped Load- Interrupting Radial Fault-Interrupting Looped Load-Interrupting w/DI A B A B Looped Fault-Interrupting Looped Fault-Interrupting w/SCADA Looped Load-Interrupting w/SCADA

37. Base Case Effect on Economics of Reliability

38. ©2008 www.sandc.com Thank You