1. Extraoral Radiography
牙科放射線學(2)
Extraoral Radiography
口外放射線攝影術
陳玉昆副教授: 高雄醫學大學 口腔病理科
~2755

2. 學 習 目 標
- 知道口外片攝影術的名稱
-了解口外片攝影術的適應症
- 明白口外片攝影術的方法

3. 參考資料
References:
1. Eric Whaites: Essentials of dental radiography & radiology 3rd edition,
Chapters 11-13, p
2. White & Pharoah: Oral radiology: principle & interpretation, 5th edition,
Chapter 6, p
3. Harring JI & Jansen L: Dental radiography- principle & techniques 2nd
edition, Chapter 23, p
4. Farman AG. Increasing the diagnostic role of the cephalometric attachment.
Panoramic Imaging News, volume 2, issue 4,

4. 上學期已講解 Main Maxillofacial / Skull Projections
Standard occipitomental (0o OM) (Water’s view)
30o occipitomental (30o OM) (Water’s view)
Postero-anterior of the skull (PA skull)
Postero-anterior of the jaw (PA jaw)
Reverse Towne’s
True lateral skull
Oblique lateral
Submento-vertex (SMV)
Cephalometric radiography
Panoramic radiogaraphy
External
auditory
meatus
Outer canthus
of the eye
Radiographic
baseline
上學期已講解
Ref. 2

5. Main indications Standard Occipitomental (0o OM) 頭往上仰
This projection shows the facial skeleton &
maxillary antra & avoids superimposition of
the dense bones of the skull base
頭往上仰
Main indications
Investigation of maxillary antra
Detecting middle facial fractures:
Le Fort I
Le Fort II
Le Fort III
Zygomatic complex
Naso-ethomoidal complex
Orbital blow-out
Coronoid process fractures
Investigation of frontal & ethmoidal sinuses
Investigation of sphenoidal sinus
Ref. 1

6. Main indications 30o Occiptomental (30o OM)
This projection shows the facial
skeleton, but from a different angle
from the 0oOM, enabling certain bony
displacements to be detected
頭往上仰
Main indications
Detecting the following middle
third facial fractures:
Le Fort I
Le Fort II
Le Fort III
Coronoid process fracture
Ref. 1

7. Main indications Posterio-Anterior of Skull (PA skull)
頭往前傾
平行地面
This projection shows the skull vault,
primarily the frontal bones and jaws
Main indications
Fractures of the skull vault
Investigation of the frontal sinuses
Conditions affecting the cranium
Paget’s disease
Multiple myeloma
Hyperparathyrodism
Intracranial calcification
Ref. 1

8. Main indications Posterio-Anterior of Jaw (PA jaw) 頭往前傾
This projection shows the posterior parts of the mandible
It is not suitable for showing the facial skeleton because of superimposition of the base of the skull & nasal bones
頭往前傾
Main indications
Lesions such as cysts or tumors in the
posterior third of the body or rami to note
any medio-lateral expansion
Mandibular hypoplasia or hyperplasia
maxillofacial deformities
Fractures of the mandible involving the
Posterior third of the body
Angles
Rami
Low condylar necks
Ref. 1

9. Reverse Towne’s Main indications High fracture of the condylar neck
頭往前傾
This projection shows the condylar heads &
necks
The original Towne’s view is an AP projection,
however, all skull views used in dentistry are
taken conventionally in the PA direction, the
Reverse Town’s (a PA projection) is used
Main indications
High fracture of the condylar neck
Intracapsular fracture of the TMJ
Investigation of the quality of the
articular surfaces of the condylar head in TMD
Condylar hypoplasia or hyperplasia
Ref. 1

10. Reverse Towne’s Radiography
Refs. 1, 3, 4

11. True Lateral Skull Main indications
This projection shows the skull vault & facial skeleton from lateral aspect
This view is used when a single lateral view of skull is required
Main indications
Fractures of cranium & cranial base
Middle third facial fractures
Investigation of frontal, sphenoidal & maxillary sinuses
Paget’s disease
Multiple myeloma
Hyperparathyroidism
Conditions affecting sella turcica
Tumor of pituitary gland in acromegaly
Ref. 1

12. Oblique Lateral Radiography
True lateral
Oblique lateral
Refs. 1, 4

13. Submental-Vertex (SMV)
This projection shows the skull base,
spenoidal sinuses and facial skeleton
from above
Main indications
Destructive/expansive lesions affecting palate, pterygoid region or skull base
Investigation of sphenodal sinus
Assessment of the thickness (medio-lateral) of the posterior part of the mandible before osteotomy
Fracture of zygomatic arches
Refs. 1, 4

14. Submental-Vertex (SMV)
(Median Sagital Plane)
Ref. 3

15. Cephalometric Radiography
True cephalometric lateral skull m
Refs. 2, 3, 4

16. Cephalometric postero- anterior of the jaws (PA jaws)
Refs. 2, 3

17. Summaries Main Maxillofacial / Skull Projections
Standard occipitomental (0o OM)
30o occipitomental (30o OM)
Postero-anterior of the skull (PA skull)
Postero-anterior of the jaw (PA jaw)
Reverse Towne’s
True lateral skull
Oblique lateral
Submento-vertex (SMV)
Cephalometric radiography
以上的拍攝方式名稱已記好了嗎？

18. Summaries - Technical aspects of extraoral radiography & resultant images
Lat Ceph
SMV
Waters
PA Ceph
Reverse
Towne
Oblique lateral
Body Ramus
Ref. 2