Thematic Studies In Bible Basics

Thematic Studies In Bible Basics
FIRST PRINCIPLES OF THE ORACLES OF GOD Thematic Studies In Bible Basics

General Introduction When the basic concepts of something are discussed, those are called the “ABC’s” One must learn “A…B…C…” in school before he can read, write, or spell proficiently Every profession has certain “basics” that must be mastered before more advanced concepts, techniques are taken on

General Introduction Even the religion of Christ has such basics
The consequences of failing to grasp these basics are greater than in any secular pursuit A failure to master “Biblical ABC’s” can result in souls being lost for all eternity A review of Heb 5:11 – 6:3 illustrates this truth

General Introduction An Exposition Of Heb 5:11 – 6:3
Many important truths need to be taught re: Jesus Christ Ù e.g. His priesthood 5:1-10 A thought previously introduced 2:17 4:14-15 Also an ancient prophecy cp. Psa 110:4 Successfully establishing this would convince the Hebrew Christians to not return to the Law

The priesthood of Christ was “after the order” of Melchizedek 5:10 Therefore, a proper understanding of this O.T. character would be necessary cp. Gen 14 Concerning Melchizedek the Hebrews writer “had much to say…” 5:11a

Regrettably, the author had to pause in this important discussion Not because the subject was too difficult to grasp The problem was the readers themselves…they were not ready to receive (understand) 5:11b “Dull of hearing” = spiritual laziness cp. 6:12

This problem was something they had brought upon themselves…they had “become” dull They had stopped listening, stopped growing cp. 2 Pet 3:18 Their failure to want to learn was the reason they could not comprehend what needed to be taught

What made this so disappointing is the author was dealing with people who shouldn’t even have been in such a dilemma 5:12a He was not writing to “new converts” Enough time had elapsed that these readers should have been “teachers” Ù mature enough to understand

Instead of being able to teach others, they themselves still needed to be taught 5:12b And not just be taught, but be taught “…the elementary (first) principles of the oracles of God” 5:12c The “spiritual ABC’s”

There is nothing wrong with being a “babe in Christ” if that is where one should be Babes should “be on the bottle” cp. 1 Pet 2:1-3 However, that was not the “category” the readers of the Hebrews epistle were to be in Sadly, it may even describe some of us

They were still “spiritual babies” because they were “not accustomed to (were unskilled in) the word of righteousness” 5:13 Maturity in the word of God = a “skill” 2 Tim 2:15 This “skill” is only honed by “reason of use” of a disciple’s senses to discern good and evil 5:14

General Introduction An Exposition Of Heb 5:11 – 6:3 H
Their failure in possessing this “skill” is why they could not eat the “strong meat” and had to settle with only milk 5:12c Spiritual maturity does not occur just because we’ve been a disciple for a long time, or because we come from generations of Christians IMPORTANT TO REALIZE H

Maturity in Christ (the ability to eat the “strong meat”) will only be accomplished by “reason of use” of a disciple’s senses in discerning good from evil cp. 1 Thess 5: Rom 12: Pet 2:11 4:1-4 Thus, we see the solution to laziness is effort

Elementary teaching (the ABC’s) must eventually be left behind…at some point, we must be able to “…press on to maturity” 6:1 Disciples can grow from childhood to adulthood because of God’s provisions cp. Eph 4:11-15 God desires, “permits” such growth 6:2-3

General Introduction All hope is not lost, though…the author still had hopes for his readers cp. 6:9 “Better things can still exist” for us, too There is still time to make correction if we are guilty of having “dull hearing” or being “spiritually sluggish”

General Introduction Studying “Biblical ABC’s” will help us become better acquainted with important bedrock truths necessary to understand We will be better able to “rightly divide (handle accurately) the word of truth cp. 2 Tim 2:15 Yes, some truths are “hard to understand”… but not impossible cp. 2 Pet 3:16

General Introduction Whether these “ABC’s” come to us easy or with a struggle, it is important to grasp them so that we “…grow up in all things unto Him who is the Head…” Eph 4:15 Even if we already know them, review is still good cp. 2 Pet 1: :1-2

General Introduction: Review Points
The readers of the Hebrews epistle “ought” to have been teachers 5:12 This signified an obligation Teaching the gospel is an obligation upon all disciples cp. Acts 8:4 11: Tim 2:2 Titus 2:4

General Introduction: Review Points
Eventually, the “elementary principles” (spiritual ABC’s) must be left behind as the disciple presses on toward maturity May our studies help us graduate off the bottle and into a diet of strong meat…the “skill of a mature follower of Jesus Christ”

Lesson 2 Ù Genuine Conversion
A topic that is discussed much…maybe misunderstood even more By “the religious (denominational) world” Even by N.T. disciples of Christ The Scripture teaches in clear terms what is involved in being truly converted

Understanding the basic concept… The root word for “conversion” literally means “to turn around; turn one’s self about” [Thayer] Biblical examples of this literal definition: Mk 5:30 Mt 5:39 7:6

Understanding the basic concept… Re: conversion to Jesus Christ, it means “to turn the heart or mind; to change one’s course of conduct” Biblical examples of this more figurative definition: Acts 7: :3 3:19 11: Thess 1:6-9 Jas 5:19-20

Changed conduct or behavior (conversion) comes from a changed heart Mk 7:14-23 Actions always follow inward decisions The heart is the determining factor v. 19 One who has a “turned heart” (been converted) will exhibit proper conduct & choices In how he chooses to worship, serve God

Changed conduct or behavior (conversion) comes from a changed heart Mk 7:14-23 Actions always follow inward decisions The heart is the determining factor v. 19 One who has a “turned heart” (been converted) will exhibit proper conduct & choices In how he chooses to live morally, socially, etc.

The necessity of conversion is evident Jesus said we will not enter heaven unless we are “converted” and become like a little child Mt 18:3 James wrote one must be “turned” (converted) in order to be saved from death and have his sins covered Jas 5:19-20

The necessity of conversion is evident Sin makes conversion necessary Rom 3:23 The Scripture also teaches us how God feels about sin and why He wants us to be “turned” God “hates” sinful characteristics Prov 6:16-19 These attributes are an “abomination” (disgusting) God “hates” putting away (divorce) Mal 2:16

The necessity of conversion is evident The Scripture also teaches us how God feels about sin and why He wants us to be “turned” God is entirely holy, wants us to be 1 Pet 1:16 God is the very essence of light 1 Jn 1:5 “Holy, holy, holy” is ascribed to God Rev 4:8

The necessity of conversion is evident The Scripture also teaches us how God feels about sin and why He wants us to be “turned” God is entirely unique…there is no other being like Him cp. Isa 46:8-10 The only barriers that separate us from God, and that will prevent Him from saving us are our own impenitent sins Isa 59:1-2

The necessity of conversion is evident Therefore, is there any wonder why God calls on us to be “converted” or “turned?” Man will not be able to live any way he chooses and then expect to enter heaven cp. Gal 6:7-8 Such would be “mocking” (to turn the nose up at) God Ù we only deceive ourselves if this is what we think

How God feels towards sinners…those who need to be “converted” God has never at any time been under any obligation to save a sinner cp. Gen 6-9 He would be well within His Divine right to just “wipe us out” cp. Ex 32:7-10 Instead, He chooses to be compassionate

How God feels towards sinners…those who need to be “converted” His word uses descriptive phrases that reveal His heart toward sinners…those who need to be “converted” Ù Ex. Eph 1-2 Eph 2:4 MERCY LOVE

How God feels towards sinners…those who need to be “converted” His word uses descriptive phrases that reveal His heart toward sinners…those who need to be “converted” Ù Ex. Eph 1-2 Eph 2:7 GRACE KINDNESS

How God feels towards sinners…those who need to be “converted” His word uses descriptive phrases that reveal His heart toward sinners…those who need to be “converted” Ù Ex. Eph 1-2 Eph 1:7 REDEMPTION FORGIVENESS

Some Closing Thoughts… Conversion is something for everyone to think about…both believers & unbelievers Unbelievers should be taught they need to “turn to the Lord” Acts 11: Thess 1:9 They are “dead in sin” and “without hope in the world” Eph 2:1-3, 12

Some Closing Thoughts… Believers need to remember their past sinful condition Eph 2:12 Their challenge will be not to return to the former way of life from which they “turned” They need to live as a “transformed” person Rom 12:2

The Believer’s Transformation Rom 12:2
“Transformed” = origin of “metamorphosis” Illustrates what we can become despite being guilty of sin in the past

The Believer’s Transformation Rom 12:2
Instead of “getting even” with someone like he used to do, now he refrains from personal vengeance, and he even prays for those who wrong him Mt 5: Rom 12:17-21 Instead of worshiping at the “church of his choice,” he makes sure his religious service & worship meet with Divine approval Mt 7:21-23

Some Closing Thoughts… A truly “converted” person realizes he has spent enough of his life in sinful ways God does not approve 1 Pet 4:2-3 He understands he must live as a “changed” or “turned” or “converted” person Col 2:20 – 3:17

Lesson 3 Ù True Unity In Christ
Easy observation to make…there is an absence of “religious unity” Many churches teach opposing doctrines “Searchers for truth” are frustrated, hindered The only solution is to be what God wants Only then can unity & fellowship occur cp. 1 Jn 1:1-3

Recognizing a failed approach… Some saints want to convert family, friends These “converts-to-be” are involved in human denominations Therefore, some conclude we must learn all about these man-made religions so that we can teach our loved ones out of all that error WRONG

The right approach… Yes, we need to convert lost souls Mt 28:18 Instead of taking the time to study religious error, wouldn’t it be a better use of time to study truth Once one knows truth, he can spot error…he’ll be able to teach those caught up in error

The Lord’s church exists in the midst of much religious error The situation in the 1st century when Jesus founded His church Still the situation today 2,000+ years later All these man-made churches hinder true unity

The church of Christ Founder: Jesus Christ Mt 16:18 When: A.D. 30 in Jerusalem (Pentecost) Followers: named “Christians” Acts 11:26 “To give a command or admonition; to teach from heaven; to be divinely commanded; to receive a name; be called” Mt 2:12, 22 Rom 7:3 Heb 11:7

The church of Christ The name “Christians” was not bestowed until after Acts 10…when Gentiles were included Such illustrates the wisdom of God No doubt, the Jews would have perverted this new identity cp. Acts 15:1

The church of Christ The name of Christ is meaningful because it is the only name whereby man can gain his salvation Acts 4:12 Therefore, the name “Christian” should be the only religious name man should want to wear Yet, we see so much division

A multiplicity of man-made churches Where's the "unity" with these churches? Catholic Church Lutheran Church Methodist Church Presbyterian Church Mormon Church Episcopal Church “Jehovah’s Witnesses” Baptist Church

Many downplay the different names worn, believing all are still “united” in Christ Wearing different names also means men practice different things dictated by that name one wears Thus, unity is not achieved

Consider Gamaliel’s advice in Acts 5:34-39 He spoke to emphasize the possibility of the apostles’ preaching coming to nothing We consider his words to emphasize that all men’s works (including religious) eventually come to naught Mt 15:3, 6, 7-9, 12-13 Works must have Christ’s approval Mt 7:21-23

The only 1 of a thing that exists
Lesson 3 Ù True Unity In Christ Passages to consider… Eph 4:1-6 Paul’s instructions = “maintain (preserve) the unity of the Spirit…” v. 3 God has provided things that are “unique” that help bring about this unity Ù one of which is the “body,” or the church v. 4 cp. 1:22-23 The only 1 of a thing that exists

Passages to consider… Eph 4:1-6 Through the centuries, man has come up with other “bodies” (churches) Therefore, true unity cannot be “preserved” or maintained Ù upon what would men in these “bodies” be united?

Passages to consider… Eph 3:10-11 The church’s task = to make known the “manifold wisdom of God” v. 10 This has always been God’s “eternal purpose” for the church v. 11

Passages to consider… Eph 3:10-11 The denominationalist’s perspective has the differing denominations collectively making up “THE CHURCH” cp. Mt 13:31-32 If this is correct, such a “CHURCH” cannot accomplish Eph 3:10

Passages to consider… Eph 3:10-11 If this is “THE CHURCH”…there would exist many conflicting views…namely, the doctrine of man’s salvation Which view would be taught? Which “church” within “THE CHURCH” would decide such?

Aimed at teaching the will of God
Lesson 3 Ù True Unity In Christ Passages to consider… Eph 4:11-16 The “gifts” (functions) God gave the church (cp. vv. 7-8) allows saints to be… …equipped to work vv a, 16a …edified, built up vv. 12b, 16b Aimed at teaching the will of God

Aimed at teaching the will of God
Lesson 3 Ù True Unity In Christ Passages to consider… Eph 4:11-16 The “gifts” (functions) God gave the church (cp. vv. 7-8) allows saints to be… …unified in “the faith” v. 13a …grown up & mature, no longer children vv. 13b-15 Aimed at teaching the will of God

Passages to consider… Eph 4:11-16 The “gifts” (functions) God gave the church (cp. vv. 7-8) also were designed to prevent men from being “tossed about by every wind of doctrine from men” v. 14 RELIGIOUS CONFUSION

Passages to consider… Eph 4:11-16 Therefore, the multiplicity of man-made churches produce confusion…not the “unity of the Spirit” God hopes is maintained in the “one body” (THE CHURCH) revealed in the N.T.

Passages to consider… Jn 17:20-21 The “outline” of the Lord’s prayer – He prays for Himself vv. 1-5 He prays for His apostles vv. 6-19 He prays for those the apostles will teach vv

Passages to consider… Jn 17:20-21 The Lord’s desire for all who come to believe is that “…they may all be one…” v. 21 Therefore, all of man’s religious efforts should be to fulfill the Lord’s fervent desire expressed in His prayer UNITY

Passages to consider… Jn 17:20-21 The Lord was not discussing what is termed Ecumenical Unity Ù “Unity In Diversity” The unity Jesus desired is stated in v. 21 The unity of the Father & the Son Ù purpose Cp. marriage Gen 2:24 Mt 19:5-6

Passages to consider… Jn 17:20-21 The existence of all the man-made churches testifies that man has not sought to honor the desire of Jesus in His pre-crucifixion prayer What is true of unity between Father & Son should be true of all who claim to follow Christ

Passages to consider… 1 Cor 1:10-13 Paul addresses sectarian attitudes within the Christians at Corinth v. 12 Based upon who had baptized them v. 13b Not to say baptism is not important, but something Paul was glad he had not been a part of vv

Passages to consider… 1 Cor 1:10-13 Thus, unity was being threatened at Corinth Christ is “not divided” (compartmentalized) v. 13a Is this not the view of mainstream, man-made denominationalism…a “compartmentalization” of Christ into various religious bodies?

Passages to consider… 1 Cor 1:10-13 Quarrels & contentions are the opposite of unity v. 11 The solution = “speak the same thing” v. 10 Division does not exist when we speak thus

Passages to consider… 1 Cor 1:10-13 The solution = “speak the same thing” v. 10 Members are to be “perfectly joined together in the same mind, same judgment” Good Biblical illustration of found in Gen 11:1-9 Notice God’s acknowledgement vv. 1, 6-7

Passages to consider… Gal 1:6-9, 11-12 Paul “marveled” (was surprised) at what the Galatian Christians were doing v. 6 These disciples turned to “a different gospel” which in effect was not “another” gospel v. 7 Anything other than genuine truth = a perversion

Passages to consider… Gal 1:6-9, 11-12 Even if an apostle or an angel (legion) came with something other than what was originally delivered, a curse (anathema) would be upon them vv. 8-9 Repeated for emphasis

Passages to consider… Gal 1:6-9, 11-12 The gospel delivered by the apostles is not of men, but came to the Lord’s chosen servants through direct revelation vv To “hear” the apostles is to “hear” Christ… even the Father Himself cp. Lk 10:16

Some Closing Thoughts… Unity “won’t just happen” Unity occurs only when people agree to believe and practice the same doctrine For this to take place, 1 objective standard must be agreed to…all other notions must be rejected out of hand without hesitation

Some Closing Thoughts… May all humanity truly strive to honor the Lord’s desire uttered in His prayer Jn 17:21 May all mankind endeavor to “speak the same things…be of the same mind and the same judgment” 1 Cor 1:10 cp. Gen 11:1, 6-7

Lesson 4 Ù The Bible…The Only Book
“Publishing Facts” about the Bible… Greatest best-seller of all time Translated into more languages than any other book ever written The most “discussed” literary work…from both a positive (accepted) & negative (rejected) viewpoint

Given such “publishing facts,” one would expect the vast majority of its owners & readers to have a deep, reverential awe for it However, that is not the case Given how most “Bible owners & readers” live morally and practice their religion, they actually show a lack of respect for the “Book of books”

How one views the Bible determines… …what he is morally, socially, religiously …where he will spend his eternity Man must realize the only way for any of us to know what God expects of us is for Him to tell us Ù the Bible is such a “message”

God has indeed told us His will for us Heb 1: Cor 2: Eph 3:1-5 The theme of this lesson will be to prove the Bible to be God’s only book It has no predecessor, successor Mt 12:31-32 As His only message, it is authoritative

The Source Of The Bible Before any discussion begins, all must agree with the premise The Bible Comes From God Man’s quest Ù find “the” book from God that will instruct him on how to live, worship, etc. Two ways to accomplish this goal

The Source Of The Bible Two ways to accomplish this goal: Read every book ever written…eliminate one by one all books determined not to be “the” book Physically impossible Divinely warned against such a mindset cp. Eccl 12:11-12

The Source Of The Bible Two ways to accomplish this goal: Find “the” book that satisfies all demands for Divine authenticity…reject all others Very possible…very “do-able” The Bible claims to be “that book” cp. Jer 1:9 1 Thess 2: Tim 3:16-17

The Nature Of The Bible A completely “harmonious” literary work Authored by 1 Divine author Penned by numerous & divergent human penmen over a period of roughly 1,500 years The only explanation is that the Scripture is of Divine origin, not human cp. 2 Pet 1:19-21

The Nature Of The Bible A literary work containing fulfilled prophecies Prophecies written in the O.T. hundreds of years before the events actually took place Release of Jews from captivity by Cyrus, king of Persia Ù ca. 538 B.C. Spoken of by Isaiah some 170 years before Cyrus even born Isa 44:28 HOW ??

The Nature Of The Bible A literary work containing fulfilled prophecies Prophecies written in the O.T. hundreds of years before the events actually took place Birth of the Messiah to a virgin in Bethlehem Spoken of by prophets some 700 years before it happened Isa 7:14 Mic 5:1-5 cp. Mt 2:3-6 HOW ??

The Nature Of The Bible A scientifically & historically “validated” book The Bible is not a science or history book However, it continues to be a book that is “validated” or “confirmed” by discoveries Not that the Bible needs proving…rather, we keep seeing the Bible to have been correct all along

The Nature Of The Bible A scientifically & historically “validated” book Examples of such accuracies in the Bible: The former world-wide paradigm that the Earth was flat Ù disproved by Magellan in 1519 What the Bible already said Isa 40:22 Prov 8:27

The Nature Of The Bible A scientifically & historically “validated” book Examples of such accuracies in the Bible: The former belief that the Earth is held in its place on the back of a giant turtle, or on the back & shoulders of the giant strongman Atlas Sir Isaac Newton discovered gravity in 1664

The Nature Of The Bible A scientifically & historically “validated” book Examples of such accuracies in the Bible: The Bible already had the answer Job 26:7 When we saw the Earth from outer space pictures, we were reminded again of the Bible’s accuracy

The Nature Of The Bible A scientifically & historically “validated” book Examples of such accuracies in the Bible: The British Museum expedition of 1929 confirmed a world-wide flood from centuries past The Bible already stated this as fact Gen 6-8

30 : 5 : 3 Lesson 4 Ù The Bible…The Only Book The Nature Of The Bible
A scientifically & historically “validated” book Examples of such accuracies in the Bible: The most accurate dimensions of ship building Once again, the Bible already knew Gen 6:15 30 : 5 : 3 L W H

The Nature Of The Bible A scientifically & historically “validated” book Examples of such accuracies in the Bible: The existence of basic oceanographic lanes Discovered & charted by Matthew Fontaine Maury “The Father Of Oceanography” Already known by the Bible Psa 8:8

The Nature Of The Bible A scientifically & historically “validated” book Examples of such accuracies in the Bible: Many other examples could be cited These prove the Bible possesses information man eventually discovers…thus validating the Scripture

The Inerrancy Of The Bible “Inerrancy” = “To be infallibly & inherently correct; to be free from error” [Webster] This connects the nature of God Himself with the nature of His word A connection made by Heb 4:12-13 Our view of God must match our view of Him

The Inerrancy Of The Bible What we know re: God’s character… Num 23:19 Titus 1:2 Heb 6:18 What we know re: the source of Scripture… 2 Tim 3:16-17 Therefore, we know His word only contains truth…it has no error or false information

The Durability Of The Bible One of the Bible’s most salient features is its indestructibleness Most likely, no other literary work in history has had to endure as many determined “attacks” at being destroyed as has the Bible Both literally as well as figuratively

The Durability Of The Bible Attempts on the Bible… Biblical example Ù Jehoiakim Jer 36 Secular examples – Antiochus Epiphanes ca. 170 B.C. Diocletian ca. 303 Roman Catholic popes

The Durability Of The Bible Despite such attempts, the word of God will always endure…man is unable to permanently destroy it cp. Mt 24: Pet 1:23-25

Other Books Besides The Bible Even though more than sufficient proof exists that the Bible is God’s only book, other books have arisen in history claiming to be from God The only way to know their “genuineness” is to compare them to the Bible If they say more than the Bible Ù too much

Other Books Besides The Bible Even though more than sufficient proof exists that the Bible is God’s only book, other books have arisen in history claiming to be from God The only way to know their “genuineness” is to compare them to the Bible If they say less than the Bible Ù not enough

Other Books Besides The Bible Even though more than sufficient proof exists that the Bible is God’s only book, other books have arisen in history claiming to be from God The only way to know their “genuineness” is to compare them to the Bible If they say same as the Bible Ù don’t need them

Other Books Besides The Bible The Book of Mormon This book contradicts the Bible on many issues, and contains many errors One of the most “notable” errors is its teaching on man and his sin Book of Mormon Ù 2 Nephi 2:21 Bible Ù Ezek 18:1-3, Rom 5:12

Other Books Besides The Bible The Book of Mormon Therefore, we conclude this book is not from God and is to be rejected as erroneous and fraudulent

Other Books Besides The Bible The Koran It, too, contradicts the Bible on several topics Most notably, re: the death of Jesus Christ The Koran Ù 4: The Bible Ù Lk 23:33 Mk 15: Jn 19:31-35 Therefore, we conclude this book is also a fraud and is to be rejected

Other Books Besides The Bible The Watchtower Bible &Tract Society Publications of “Jehovah’s Witness” They contradict Biblical teaching…most notably, their teachings that deny the Godhead The Bible teaches otherwise Gen 1:1-2, Jn 1:1-4, :24, Micah 5:2 Acts 5: Rom 1:20 Col 2:9

Other Books Besides The Bible The Watchtower Bible &Tract Society They also have repeatedly made vain predictions re: the end of the world The Bible teaches otherwise Mk 13:32 Therefore, these publications are not from God, and they must be also be rejected as fraudulent and erroneous

Other Books Besides The Bible The denominations mentioned in our previous study also have their “creed books” They, too, are to be rejected because of beliefs held and statements made that contradict the Scripture

The Methodist Discipline
Wherefore, that we are justified by faith only is the most wholesome doctrine and very full of comfort." (Article IX, para. 69.) The Bible You see then that a man is justified by works, and not by faith only. (Jas 2:24)

Some Closing Thoughts… God’s “1 message” has been successfully delivered to His saints Jude 3 Man is not able to direct his own destiny…he needs God, His word Jer 10:23 He is encouraged to consider all available paths and ask for the “old paths” Jer 6:16

Some Closing Thoughts… It is “foolish” to desert what the apostles have delivered and take up with “other doctrines”… which really aren’t God’s words Gal 1: :1 God has always given His people the ability to know true teachers from false teachers Deut 18: Jn 4:1

Some Closing Thoughts… David illustrates the disaster that results when we do not seek God after “His due order” David’s error 2 Sam 6: Chron 15:2, 11-15 God’s due order Ex 25: Num 4:5, 15 Recorded in 1 source

Lesson 5 Ù The Old & New Covenants
The Bible…“God’s only Book”…has two different covenants showing how God has dealt with man through the ages Defined, “covenant” = An agreement between persons or parties They can be social, political, economic, or religious

There may not be a greater contributor to religious confusion than in the failure to recognize the difference between covenants Many erroneous religious practices exist because of this failure Tithing, a priesthood, instrumental music, observing the Ten Commandments, etc.

Some teach the 1st covenant never ended… the 2nd covenant is simply a “continuation” This clearly is not Biblical Heb 8:7, 13 Neither is it correct to just “dismiss” the 1st covenant because there is a 2nd one cp. Rom 7: :4 1 Cor 10: Heb 2:1-3

The 2nd covenant “makes more sure” (strengthens) the prophetic writings of the 1st covenant 2 Pet 1:16-21 Peter offers apostolic “eye witness” testimony re: Jesus vv He also points back to the prophets v. 19 Writings we would “do well to heed”

The Old Covenant Its Origin, Confirmation, & Violation God desired a covenant with a people He considered His own Ex 3:7, 10 cp. Gen 17:2, 6-7 A covenant that had conditions Ex 19:4-6 Application for 2nd covenant people 1 Pet 2:4-10 The parties of this covenant were clearly identified Deut 5:2-4

The Old Covenant Its Origin, Confirmation, & Violation God had this covenant recorded in a “book” and ratified or confirmed Ex 24:3-7 Heb 9:18-21 Eventually, Israel “broke” this covenant Jer 31:32 She “broke” the covenant by not continuing in it… she was disobedient Heb 8:9

The Old Covenant Its Purpose To be a national & religious law for Israel It mandated proper civil & moral treatment of their fellow man Ex 21-23 It regulated proper & acceptable worship of Jehovah Ex cp. 25:10 – 31:11

The Old Covenant Its Purpose To make transgressions, sin evident Rom 7:5-11 Gal 3:19 Sin was aroused, made known Rom 7:5, 7 Sin took opportunity through the commandment… produced evil desire, deceived, and killed Rom 7:8, 11 Law therefore “added” because of transgressions

The Old Covenant Its Purpose To bring man to Christ so that he might be justified by his faith in Jesus Gal 3:24

The Old Covenant Its Forecast Of The New Covenant 1st covenant given around 1445 B.C. Some 900 years later, it stated God would make a “new covenant” unlike the old one Jer 31:31-34 The old covenant would serve as a “tutor” or “schoolmaster” in pointing toward the new one Gal 3:19-25

The Old Covenant Its Forecast Of The New Covenant Understanding this concept of a “tutor” Gal 3:24 Word is “paidagogos” English Ù pedagogue A common feature in ancient Greco-Roman “well-to-do” families who had minor children This was a slave given charge of the minor children

The Old Covenant Its Forecast Of The New Covenant Until minor children reached the age of maturity, they were under the supervision (care) of this slave He enforced moral behavior, took them to school, etc. When the child reached maturity, he no longer needed the “paidagogos”…he became free

The Old Covenant Its Forecast Of The New Covenant The Old Testament Scriptures lead one to Christ They “make one wise” for salvation ultimately found in Christ (the Seed) 2 Tim 2:15

The Old Covenant Its Forecast Of The New Covenant “When faith came,” man is no longer under the “tutor” Gal 3:25 The Law had served its purpose…not to justify, but to lead us to (point us toward) Christ A distinction between the covenants Rom 8:1-4

The New Covenant Its Origin It did not come into force when the Seed came The Seed lived under the 1st Covenant Mt 5:17-18 The 1st Covenant would not be “destroyed” or set aside by the Seed…rather, He came to “fulfill”

The New Covenant Its Origin The 1st Covenant was ultimately fulfilled when it was “nailed to the cross” Col 2:14 This death also ratified (sealed) the 2nd Covenant Heb 9:11-18 Sins committed under the 1st Covenant were taken care of “retroactively” [“Anticipatory” Forgiveness]

The New Covenant Its Origin The 2nd Covenant came into force on the first Day of Pentecost following the crucifixion of Christ… 50 days after Passover [Feast of Weeks] Acts cp. Lev 23:15 NOTE: The “church” of Acts 2:47 is the “house” in 2 Sam 7:12-13, cp. 1 Tim 3: Pet 2:4-6

The New Covenant Its Relation To The Old Covenant 9 of the 10 Commandments from the 1st Covenant are repeated in the 2nd Covenant, either verbatim or in principle Examples: Adultery Ex 20: Cor 6:9 Gal 5:19 Honor parents Ex 20:12 Eph 6:2-3

The New Covenant Its Relation To The Old Covenant 9 of the 10 Commandments from the 1st Covenant are repeated in the 2nd Covenant, either verbatim or in principle This teaches us God has not changed how He feels about moral issues cp. Heb 13:8 Jas 1:17

The New Covenant Its Relation To The Old Covenant The only 1 of the 10 Commandments from the st Covenant not repeated in the 2nd Covenant pertains to acceptable worship Ex 20:8-11 God has ordained a different day of worship under the gospel of Christ cp. Acts 2:1 20: Cor 16:1-2

The New Covenant Its Superior Features A greater emphasis Heb 8:10 cp. 2 Cor 3:2-3 A more “internalized” covenant Written on human hearts, not tablets of stone When we live out the 2nd Covenant, we become “living epistles” read by all

The New Covenant Its Superior Features A greater emphasis Heb 8:10 cp. 2 Cor 3:2-3 This does not mean the 1st Covenant was not to be “internalized” cp. Deut 6:5 Lev 19:18 The emphasis is the 2nd Covenant is easier to “internalize” than the 1st Covenant

The New Covenant Its Superior Features A greater emphasis Heb 8:10 cp. 2 Cor 3:2-3 Other Biblical passages emphasizing this contrast between the “letter” & the “Spirit”… 2 Cor 3: Jer 31: Rom 2: :6

The New Covenant Its Superior Features More informed participants Heb 8:11 1st Covenant participants still had to be taught to “know the Lord” cp. Gen 17:9-12 Even when in “covenant” with God, they did not know about their “freedom” Deut 6:6-7, 20-23

The New Covenant Its Superior Features More informed participants Heb 8:11 2nd Covenant participants will not have to be taught to “know the Lord” cp. Jn 6:44-45 Such knowledge about God, “freedom” comes before entering the covenant Jn 8:31-32

The New Covenant Its Superior Features Better privileges Heb 8: :1-4 1st Covenant participants had an annual “reminder” their sins They had to wait on Christ, His D/B/R before they could be completely forgiven of their sins Heb 9:11-15

The New Covenant Its Superior Features Better privileges Heb 8:12 2nd Covenant participants enjoy “total” pardon before they enter into covenant with God Their iniquities and sins are “remembered no more” because of the superior blood of Christ

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… 2 Cor 3:2-14 Notice the “terms of identification” 1st Covenant 2nd Covenant - “Letter” - “Ministry of Death” - “Ministry of Condemnation” - “Spirit” - “Ministry of the Spirit” - “Ministry of Righteousness”

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… 2 Cor 3:2-14 The 2 covenants are compared on various criteria: Upon what they were written v. 3 1st Covenant on tablets of stone; 2nd Covenant on human hearts Their purpose v. 6 1st Covenant “kills”; 2nd Covenant “gives life”

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… 2 Cor 3:2-14 The 2 covenants are compared on various criteria: Their shades of glory vv. 7-11, 13 1st Covenant had “glory” seen in Moses’ face after he communed with God…it eventually faded; nd Covenant has “more glory”…a “surpassing glory” found only in Christ

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Gal 3:1-2, 10-29 “Receiving the Spirit” will not come through works of the Law, but only through the “hearing of faith” v. 2 Attempting to gain salvation, justification through a Law system only brings a “curse”…the curse of “perfection” vv

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Gal 3:1-2, 10-29 The promise of salvation actually precedes the Law given through Moses vv This “promise” was eventually realized “when the Seed” came, or “when faith came” vv a Until such a time, the Law was a “tutor” to lead us to Christ vv. 23b-29

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Gal 4:21-31 Paul uses an “inspired allegory” to illustrate the danger of the Galatians heeding Judaizing teachers Centers around the 2 sons of Abraham Gen 16, 21 One “according to the flesh” v. 23a The other “through the promise” v. 23b

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Gal 4:21-31 Hagar = “bondwoman”…Mt. Sinai…“present Jerusalem” Ù The Law (1st Covenant) vv. 22, 25 Sarah = “freewoman”…“Jerusalem above” Ù The Gospel (2nd Covenant) vv. 22, 26 Christians are like Isaac…“children of promise” v. 28

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Gal 4:21-31 Sarah gave instructions re: Ishmael when he began to persecute Isaac vv cp. Gen 21:9-13 Paul then applies this statement “Cast out the bondwoman” to the Galatians re: the doctrine the Judaizing teachers were presenting v. 31

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Eph 2:14-16 Paul discusses “peace” re: Gentiles & Jews Gentiles were once “outsiders” & “strangers” to the covenants of the promise v. 12 Yet, all who are “afar off” (Gentiles) were brought near by the blood of Christ v. 13

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Eph 2:14-16 In His death, Jesus broke down the dividing wall between Jews & Gentiles…a “wall” of “enmity …the “Law of commandments & ordinances” vv Two groups of people previously separated by the 1st Covenant are now “reconciled in one body to God” v. 16

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Eph 2:14-16 Notice both Jews & Gentiles were adversely affected by the Law (1st Covenant) Jews were “locked up in sin” Gal 3:23 Gentiles were “locked out in sin” Eph 2:12

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Col 2:14-17 A parallel passage to Eph 2:14-16 Dead ones are “made alive” through God’s forgiveness because of Christ’s D/B/R vv Christ cancelled out the “certificate of debt” (Law) that was “hostile” & “contrary” to man (both Jew & Gentile) v. 14

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Col 2:14-17 This “certificate of debt” was “taken out of the way” by being “nailed to His cross” v. 14 Imagery of something being paid As a result, the Law should no longer be used as a basis for judgment vv

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Col 2:14-17 The things mandated and spoken of in the Law were only “a shadow of the things to come” under the 2nd Covenant v cp. Heb 8:5 10:1

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Heb 1:1-2; 2:1-4 God has always spoken to humanity Through whom He spoke, how He spoke has changed In days past (1st Covenant), He spoke “to the fathers in the prophets” 1:1 Now, “in these last days” (2nd Covenant), He has spoken “to us in His Son 1:2

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Heb 1:1-2; 2:1-4 The Bible teaches us these “last days” are the days of the gospel age…the days of the New Testament Isa 2: Mic 4: Dan 2: Joel 2: Acts 2:17-21 There will be no more days after the 2nd Covenant

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Heb 1:1-2; 2:1-4 The 1st Covenant was “spoken through angels” 2:2a cp. Acts 7:53 Gal 3:19 Transgressions committed under this covenant were faithfully & fairly punished…this covenant proved to be “unalterable” or “steadfast” 2:2b

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Heb 1:1-2; 2:1-4 What should we expect re: transgressions we commit under the 2nd Covenant…especially since we know it to be a greater covenant with a Greater Spokesman? 2:3 This proves the superiority of the 2nd Covenant over the 1st Covenant

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Heb 3:1-6 God had 2 faithful servants in His “houses” Moses was faithful as a “servant in the house” v. 5 Jesus is faithful as a “Son over His house” v. 6 Jesus is due more glory than Moses, just as the builder of the house receives more glory than the house v. 3

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Heb 4:1-11 During the days of the 1st Covenant, “…a promise remained of entering His rest” v. 1 The rest spoken of by Joshua was not “the ultimate rest” God had in mind for His people v. 8 If Joshua provided this rest, God would not have spoken of another one yet to come

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Heb 4:1-11 Israel did not realize this “rest” because of her disobedience v. 6 She did not unite the “good news” preached to her with faith…she failed because of unbelief v. 2 We are therefore similarly exhorted re: the “rest that remains” vv. 9, 11

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Heb 7:1-19 A Priest “after the order of Melchizedek” arose apart from the Law of Moses vv. 1-11 Melchizedek’s priesthood is perpetual v. 3 Melchizedek blessed Abraham, received tithes from the patriarch vv. 2, cp. Gen 14:18-20 Even Levi (on behalf of priests) paid tithes vv. 9-10

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Heb 7:1-19 If “perfection were through Levitical priests, what further need was there that another priest should arise after the order of Melchizedek?” v. 11 Therefore, a change in priesthood necessitated a change in the law also v. 12

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Heb 7:1-19 The One “of whom these things are spoken” belongs to another tribe that has never officiated at the altar v. 13 Jesus, from the tribe of Judah, is He who is after “the order of Melchizedek” (King & Priest) cp. Psa 110:4 Zech 6:13

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Heb 7:1-19 The “former commandment” (1st Covenant) is set aside because of its weakness and uselessness v. 18 The “better hope” (2nd Covenant) is brought in through which we can draw near to God v. 19

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Heb 8:6-13 A quotation from Jer 31:31-34 Thus, the 1st Covenant declared God would eventually bring about a “new covenant” The 1st Covenant was not faultless in that it could not bring about (never was intended to) man’s complete forgiveness v. 7

Passages That Address The 2 Covenants… Heb 8:6-13 A quotation from Jer 31:31-34 In bringing about the 2nd Covenant, God makes the 1st Covenant “obsolete” (old) and ready to “vanish away” (disappear) v. 13

Lesson 6 Ù Biblical Authority (Part A)
Why Study Biblical Authority? In some realms of life, it is not necessary to study (i.e. be concerned about) an “exclusive” claim of authority Politics Ù competing parties, rules of government Economics Ù different theories for different times In such realms, alternatives are equal

Why Study Biblical Authority? However, in religion, there is every reason to study, be concerned about authority Man has no authoritative say cp. Mt 28:18 This is the only realm that carries eternal consequences…it matters whether or not we are pleasing the Lord cp. Mt 7:21-23

Why Study Biblical Authority? Anytime there has been a departure from the “pattern” God has decreed, sin has occurred If what results from human efforts is not like the “pattern” revealed in the Scripture (God’s 1 book), it will not be pleasing to God…no matter what we might think about it cp. Heb 8:5

Why Study Biblical Authority? This concept is especially important for young Christians to understand Historically, every issue that has resulted in division among the Lord’s people has been due to a failure to understand, accept, & apply Biblical authority To avoid repeating these errors from the past, we must study & teach for the future

The Importance Of Biblical Authority Having a solid understanding on authority is important for 2 main reasons… Knowing how to define, understand, and apply Biblical authority allows us to teach unbelievers, deal with brethren who want to take the church into apostasy

The Importance Of Biblical Authority Having a solid understanding on authority is important for 2 main reasons… Knowing how to define, understand, and apply Biblical authority allows the people of God to maintain their “distinctive separateness” in a world given over to sin, and to continue to serve God in the ways He has ordained

The Importance Of Biblical Authority This “distinctive separateness” is in jeopardy as homes & churches continue to fail in their obligations to teach Consider the disappointing survey results on page 22

The Need For Biblical Authority

Ú Illustrating The Need For Authority The issue to be decided…
What is the length of this line? Ú The only right way to determine… consult the standard

The Need For Biblical Authority Imagine a world without any authority All sense of order would be lost…we would live in a world full of only chaos

THE AUTHORITATIVE STANDARD 1 second =
9,192,631,770 oscillations (cycles) of the cesium atom THE AUTHORITATIVE STANDARD NIST-F1 Cesium Fountain Atomic Clock The Primary Time & Frequency Standard For The United States

The Need For Biblical Authority Imagine a world without any authority All sense of order would be lost…we would live in a world full of only chaos Biblically, the most “chaotic” time may have been the days of The Judges cp. Judg 17: Kings 2:3-4

The Need For Biblical Authority In our day, “religious anarchy” can be equally confusing to anyone searching for truth All “religious options” are presented as equally viable and acceptable The division that results is hardly anything like what the Lord prayed for cp. Jn 17:17-21

The Need For Biblical Authority Authority is not just necessary on a collective level, but also on an individual level All are individually accountable cp. Mt 25:21, Cor 5:10 Even if everyone else is doing wrong, I am still individually accountable to God’s authority Gen 6:8 Rev 3:4

The Need For Biblical Authority Questions To Discuss… A relevant question is found in Mt 21:23-27 Events surrounding Jesus’ 2nd temple cleansing The Jews asked Jesus “By what authority do You do these things? Who gave You this authority?” Jesus’ reply is the relevant question we want to consider v. 25

The Need For Biblical Authority Questions To Discuss… A relevant question is found in Mt 21:23-27 The Lord’s question narrows the choices to only 2 options as to the source of religious activities: Heaven (Divine) OR Men (Human) This is precisely the question that should be asked of any religious practice today

The Need For Biblical Authority Questions To Discuss… The Jew’s failure to answer in Mt 21:25b The Jews showed some understanding re: John’s baptism had they admitted it came from heaven They knew Jesus would question their failure to receive it if this had been their answer to His question

The Need For Biblical Authority Questions To Discuss… The Jew’s failure to answer in Mt 21:25b Their question of Jesus was fair, legitimate Notice Jesus even offered to answer it He did not rebuke their question…He only rebuked their blatant hypocrisy

The Need For Biblical Authority Questions To Discuss… The incident of Nadab & Abihu in Lev 10:1-3 Aaron’s 2 sons acted without Divine authority re: their priestly duties v. 1 They used something God had never commanded Point Ù when we act on our own, we risk God’s displeasure, rejection, & judgment v. 2

The Need For Biblical Authority Questions To Discuss… The incident of Nadab & Abihu in Lev 10:1-3 We also learn from this episode there is no room for emotionalism when dealing with God’s authority Moses had to remind his brother what the Lord had already said re: those who would come near to or approach Him v. 3

The Need For Biblical Authority Questions To Discuss… The incident of Nadab & Abihu in Lev 10:1-3 What kind of “emotional arguments” as a father could Aaron have made re: his 2 sons, their death? The fact that “Aaron held his peace” teaches us the seriousness of respecting God’s authority…even when we might want to see things another way

The Need For Biblical Authority Questions To Discuss… The incident of Uzziah in 2 Chron 26:16-20 Even though he was king, Uzziah had no authority to act as priest vv. 16b,18 cp. Ex 30:7 We are reminded again of the truthfulness of the inspired proverb Prov 16:18

The Need For Biblical Authority Questions To Discuss… The incident of Uzziah in 2 Chron 26:16-20 Not only must we do what is right, but we must also make sure we do what is right in the right way We are also reminded that no one is immune from accountability toward God, His word (Kings, Elders, Preachers, Parents)

The Need For Biblical Authority Questions To Discuss… The incident of the apostles in Acts 15:24 The apostles were “ambassadors”…the official representative of the King cp. 2 Cor 5:20 The “apostles’ doctrine” characterized the early church, its preaching cp. Acts 2:42

The Need For Biblical Authority Questions To Discuss… The incident of the apostles in Acts 15:24 Some Jewish brethren (Judaizing teachers) began troubling Gentile Christians, whole churches re: the issue of circumcision Re: these men & their teaching, the apostles had given “no such commandment”

The Need For Biblical Authority Questions To Discuss… The incident of the apostles in Acts 15:24 This statement reinforces the delegated authority the apostles had from Jesus Christ cp. Lk 10:16

The Need For Biblical Authority Questions To Discuss… The prophecy of Jeremiah in Jer 2:13 The people had rejected God & His will for them… the prophet chides them for this foolish error vv. 9-11 The severity of their rejection is beautifully illustrated

The Need For Biblical Authority Questions To Discuss… The prophecy of Jeremiah in Jer 2:13 “Living waters” = natural springs…God-given “Hewn cisterns” = dug wells…man-made These “cisterns” were broken…would not provide them what they would need

The Need For Biblical Authority Questions To Discuss… Modern-day “broken cisterns”… Parents Ù Though parents (family) do come from God, He never meant for them to be followed no matter what His word teaches cp. Mt 10:34-37

The Need For Biblical Authority Questions To Discuss… Modern-day “broken cisterns”… Conscience Ù We should never violate our conscience Rom 14: Yet, our conscience can be ill-trained and be wrong cp. Acts 23:1 8:1, 3

The Need For Biblical Authority Questions To Discuss… Modern-day “broken cisterns”… Human Wisdom Ù Wisdom from man is faulty; it is subjective, not objective 1 Cor 1:21 2: : Isa 55: Jer 8: PRINCIPLE Ù 1 Cor 4:6

The Need For Biblical Authority Questions To Discuss… Modern-day “broken cisterns”… Preachers Ù Preaching is important to God, His will Rom 10: Yet, preachers are still only men…there is no “clergy” system in the Bible

The Need For Biblical Authority Questions To Discuss… Modern-day “broken cisterns”… Preachers Ù Preachers are authoritative only when they speak the word of God truthfully Tim 6: Tim 4: Pet 4:11

The Need For Biblical Authority Questions To Discuss… Modern-day “broken cisterns”… Feelings Ù Our feelings only address physical needs; they cannot settle spiritual matters. They can be wrong Gen 37: Prov 28:26

The Need For Biblical Authority Questions To Discuss… Modern-day “broken cisterns”… Human Creeds Ù Such “religious manuals” are only as good as the human wisdom that produces them. They invalidate the word of God cp. Mt 15:1-9

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles Want to emphasize a subtle distinction… We should not make our appeal to the New Testament (2nd Covenant) For authority in religion, we should make our appeal to Jesus Christ Mt 28:18 Heb 1:1-2 His identity makes the N.T. relevant, binding

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles As an extension of Himself, Jesus hand chose 12 disciples…eventually made them “apostles” Mt 10:5, Jn 13: :21 These men were given a “unique” place in the history of the N.T. church Eph 2: Cor 3:11 They were eyewitnesses cp. Acts 1:15-26

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles To believe & teach the apostles as having authority doesn’t deify them…it only recognizes their unique standing in the N.T. kingdom The authority of Jesus Christ is inherent The authority of His apostles is delegated

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles The Authority of Jesus Christ Authoritative by claims He made re: Himself Jn 7: :42-50 As the “Apostle and High Priest of our confession” Jesus has the right to speak with authority Heb 3:1

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles The Authority of Jesus Christ Authoritative by claims He made re: man’s destiny Our eternal destiny depends on our reaction to His claims about being the Messiah Lk 12:8-9 We are either “wise” or “foolish” based on how we respond to what He says, teaches Mt 7:24, 26

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles The Authority of Jesus Christ Authoritative by the inherent nature of His works His works bear witness to His identity Jn 5:36 He could heal and forgive Mt 9:1-8 Both were easy for Him to do Both are hard (impossible) for man to do

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles The Authority of Jesus Christ Authoritative by the inherent nature of His works He could heal and forgive Mt 9:1-8 His “works” were indicative of His ability and right to forgive sins while on earth among men v. 6 Who could forgive sins but God alone? cp. Mk 2:7

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles The Authority of Jesus Christ Authoritative by the inherent nature of His works His disciples are to believe His association with the Father based on these works Jn 14:10-11 The purpose of these “works” is to produce within man enough faith in that he accepts Jesus as the Messiah Jn 20:30-31

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles The Authority of The Apostles Some claim, “I only read the red letters in the N.T.” Such thinking denies the important role the apostles play under the 2nd Covenant and man’s redemption Jesus didn’t personally teach all the truth while on the earth Jn 16:12 cp. Acts 1:6 Lk 24:21

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles The Authority of The Apostles Here’s how this “deficiency” on the part of the apostles was later resolved The Holy Spirit would later teach “all things”… bring these things to the apostles’ remembrance Jn 14:25-26 The Holy Spirit would bear additional witness of Christ, offer more testimony Jn 15:26

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles The Authority of The Apostles Here’s how this “deficiency” on the part of the apostles was later resolved The Holy Spirit would later guide the 12 apostles into “all truth” Jn 16:7-11, 13 The apostles were given the words the Father gave to Jesus Jn 17:8, 14

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles The Authority of The Apostles Some important points to keep in mind… Notice the phrases “all things” (Jn 14:26) & “all truth” (Jn 16:13) did not occur until after the coming of the Holy Spirit upon the apostles Even the Holy Spirit did not act on His own authority… He was submissive to the Father’s will Jn 16:13b

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles The Authority of The Apostles The “process” to which Jesus refers is described in 1 Cor 2:1-16 God’s “hidden wisdom” in a “mystery” was spoken v. 7 These things that God prepared for man were searched out by the Spirit in the mind of God, then later revealed to the apostles vv. 9-12

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles The Authority of The Apostles The “process” to which Jesus refers is described in 1 Cor 2:1-16 The apostles then “spoke” as well as wrote truth revealed to them v cp. Eph 3:3-4 Man must be “spiritual” and not “natural” to properly understand authoritative Divine truth vv

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles The Authority of The Apostles What has been revealed to the apostles was not known in “other generations” Eph 3:5 A reference to days of the 1st Covenant Ù pp Previous generations did not have access to what has now been revealed to the apostles cp. Mt 13: Pet 1:6-12

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles Questions The authority of Christ portrayed in the Scripture Mt 17:1-5 & Heb 1:2 Being transfigured (changed) in the presence of His disciples gave Jesus the opportunity to be exalted as the One who must be heard now vv. 4-5 SPOKESMAN

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles Questions The authority of Christ portrayed in the Scripture Heb 9:15-17 Through His death, Jesus has mediated a better covenant…His will, ratified (sealed) by His blood, is authoritative and unalterable re: the inheritance v. 15 TESTATOR

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles Questions The authority of Christ portrayed in the Scripture Acts 2:29-36 & 2 Sam 7:16 God’s promise made to David was ultimately fulfilled in Jesus upon His exaltation to the Father’s right hand to rule the N.T. kingdom vv KING

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles Questions The authority of Christ portrayed in the Scripture Eph 1:22-23 & Col 1:18 Because of what He accomplished in God’s scheme for man’s redemption, Jesus is the Head of the body… directing all the actions of the body HEAD

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles Questions The people’s view of Jesus’ teaching Mt 7:28-29 & Mt 15:1-9 They were “astonished” at what they heard It sounded nothing like what they were used to hearing The Jews elevated their own teaching over God’s

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles Questions Jesus’ “summary statement” Mt 28:18 Being eternal, Jesus always had this authority Having just completed His earthly work (culminating with His D/B/R), Jesus’ work among men simply confirmed who He always was & who He claimed to be

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles Questions Reject the apostles…Reject Jesus Lk 10:16 Jesus’ authority was delegated to His apostles Whenever they spoke or taught, the apostles only taught what the Lord had commanded cp. 1 Cor 14: Thess 2:13

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles Questions The apostles’ authority portrayed in the Scripture 2 Cor 5:18-20 Being the “official message carriers” for the King, they acted in accordance with this delegated authority Theirs was a “ministry of reconciliation” AMBASSADORS

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles Questions The apostles’ authority portrayed in the Scripture Mt 19:28 & Lk 22:30 They would be given “seats of judgment” (thrones) They would “judge” through what they spoke, wrote cp. 1 Thess 2: Cor 14:37 JUDGES

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles Questions The apostles’ authority portrayed in the Scripture Mt 16:19 They were given the “keys of the kingdom” They “opened the door of faith” for the Gentiles, using this “key” cp. Acts 14:27 KEY HOLDERS

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles Questions The apostles’ authority portrayed in the Scripture Mt 18:18 & Jn 20:23 They either “remitted” or “retained” man’s sins by declaring with God had already decided REMITTERS or RETAINERS

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles Questions The distinction of the apostles’ teaching Acts 2:42 The early preaching of the N.T. church was labeled “the apostles’ doctrine” It was “their doctrine” only in that they taught what the Lord taught, commissioned them to teach Mt 28:20

The Authority Of Christ, His Apostles Questions The authoritativeness of the apostles’ teaching Gal 1:6-9 What one apostle taught was so authoritative, binding that even another apostle or an angel sent from heaven could not teach something different without being put under a Divine curse

Lesson 7 Ù Biblical Authority (Part B)
Defining Biblical Authority Authority is expressed in different ways In a “general” sense Ù “Involving the whole” In a “specified” sense Ù “Restricted, particular” Until one recognizes this difference, N.T. authority for any action(s) cannot and will not be established cp. Mt 7:21-23

Defining Biblical Authority The “law” which governs general & specific authority is the “Law Of Exclusion” Admittedly, a human term not found in the Bible Yet, a Biblical concept necessary to know, apply Basic premise Ù the command to do 1 thing automatically excludes doing anything else

Defining Biblical Authority One must also understand “expediencies” A suitable, profitable, or advantageous (lawful) way to accomplish the obedience of a command Something may be an expedient as long as it is not expressly forbidden elsewhere in the Scripture Expediencies only pertain to general authority

Defining Biblical Authority One must also understand “expediencies” Text that instructs us is 1 Cor 10:23-33 They must be lawful v. 23a They must edify others vv. 23b-24, 33 They must never give offense, cause others to stumble (sin) v. 10:32

Establishing Biblical Authority Authority expressed either “generally” or “specifically” will have to be established before it can be put into practice God has not always expressed and established His will in the same way He didn’t in O.T days…He doesn’t “in the last days”

Establishing Biblical Authority Again, we’re discussing communication we employ ourselves in all our relationships Parents, employers, teachers, etc. all give orders to subordinates in the same way(s) God uses in His word to express to us His will We’re not using some “new method”

Establishing Biblical Authority Authority is established in the following ways: A command or precept from God Direct, expressed statements from God Either positive or negative in nature Where God has actually spoken…the “easiest” of the revealed methods to understand

Establishing Biblical Authority Authority is established in the following ways: An approved example Actions of 1st century saints who were under the direct guidance of Holy Spirit-led apostles Either positive or negative in nature Authoritative = they met with God’s approval Ù “Biblical Precedents”

Establishing Biblical Authority Authority is established in the following ways: A necessary inference Inescapable conclusions one must come to when considering a passage of Scripture A text teaches not only by what it states, but also by what it demands necessarily (unstated)

Establishing Biblical Authority A command or precept from God Positive commands from God Abram was to leave Haran Gen 12:1 Hearers were to repent & be baptized Acts 2:38 Negative commands from God Premeditated murder prohibited Ex 20:13

Establishing Biblical Authority A command or precept from God Positive commands from God Abram was to leave Haran Gen 12:1 Hearers were to repent & be baptized Acts 2:38 Negative commands from God Corrupt communication prohibited Eph 4:29

Establishing Biblical Authority Approved Examples They must be binding to be authoritative Not every example in the N.T. is authoritative The determining factor is whether or not the example itself is incidental or essential to one obeying God

Establishing Biblical Authority Approved Examples Incidental Examples Ù “Go preach the gospel” Paul’s actions Acts 13:4-5 Philip’s actions Acts 8:29-35 Peter’s actions Acts 10:23-24, 33-43

Establishing Biblical Authority Approved Examples Incidental Examples Ù Some brethren’s actions Acts 2: :34-37 Other brethren’s actions 1 Tim 6:17-18 “Care for the needy”

Establishing Biblical Authority Approved Examples Essential Examples Ù # of elders locally Their appointment accomplished through gospel preaching Titus 1:5 The only way we know how many are to be in a local church is through an example Acts 14:23

Establishing Biblical Authority Approved Examples Essential Examples Ù The only way we know who may be helped from the treasury benevolently is by N.T. examples and actions directed by apostolic instruction Nine passages constitute this teaching Treasury Benevolence

Establishing Biblical Authority Necessary Inferences The “inescapable conclusion” from 1 Cor 16:1-2 is to have a treasury into which the collected funds are to be placed Necessary because we are commanded to give and the funds are to be kept somewhere

Establishing Biblical Authority Necessary Inferences The “inescapable conclusion” from Acts 8:35-37 is the necessity of water baptism to salvation Necessary because of the eunuch’s question… would he have asked had not Philip taught it? Important because of efforts to minimize this

Establishing Biblical Authority Necessary Inferences Important point to remember… Not all inferences are “necessary” Illustrated in Heb 10:25 Necessary inference Ù a place to assemble Unnecessary inference Ù actual church bldg.

Establishing Biblical Authority All 3 Methods Applied To One Issue No single “method” gives all pertinent details re: our observance of the Lord’s Supper Therefore, we must study everything revealed about this important topic to ensure we have all the truth cp. Psa 119:160

Establishing Biblical Authority All 3 Methods Applied To One Issue Authorization to partake of the Lord’s Supper Command Mt 26: Cor 11:23-25 The actual observance is authorized when Jesus commanded “Take, eat…” and “This do in remembrance of Me.”

Establishing Biblical Authority All 3 Methods Applied To One Issue Authorization to partake of the Lord’s Supper Approved Example (Precedent) Acts 20:7 The “when” is authorized when the inspired record tells us the early disciples came together “to break bread”

Establishing Biblical Authority All 3 Methods Applied To One Issue Authorization to partake of the Lord’s Supper Approved Example (Precedent) Acts 20:7 The only authorized day is Sunday Did Jesus’ command address “when” the Supper is to be eaten?

Establishing Biblical Authority All 3 Methods Applied To One Issue Authorization to partake of the Lord’s Supper Necessary Inference Acts 20:7 The “frequency” is authorized when the inspired record tells us the early disciples came together “to break bread”

Establishing Biblical Authority All 3 Methods Applied To One Issue Authorization to partake of the Lord’s Supper Necessary Inference Acts 20:7 The implication is that they came together every first day of the week to eat the Supper Paul tarried in Troas to meet, eat with them

Establishing Biblical Authority All 3 Methods Applied To One Issue Authorization to partake of the Lord’s Supper Necessary Inference Acts 20:7 The phrase “break bread” has to refer to the Lord’s Supper…if a common meal, why would Paul wait 7 days to eat it?

Establishing Biblical Authority All 3 Methods Applied To One Issue Authorization to partake of the Lord’s Supper Necessary Inference Acts 20:7 An O.T. parallel…The 4th Commandment The wording & reasoning of Ex 20:8 is similar to Acts 20:7 Ù implied is how often

Establishing Biblical Authority All 3 Methods Used By 1st Century Christians What makes our approach and these “methods” Biblical is that we can see them utilized by the early Christians…especially when they had to settle controversies that plagued the church in its infancy (approx. 20 years since it began)

Establishing Biblical Authority All 3 Methods Used By 1st Century Christians First century disciples had to do what we must do…establish authority for whatever they did to be certain they were doing heaven’s will Principle Ù we can truly be what they were when we do what they did

Establishing Biblical Authority All 3 Methods Used By 1st Century Christians The Issue Ù Circumcising Gentiles Acts 15 Judaizers constantly opposed the apostles, their teaching cp. 13:8, 45, :2, :1 The issue eventually reached a decisive point… brethren were “troubled” & “unsettled” v. 24

Establishing Biblical Authority All 3 Methods Used By 1st Century Christians The Issue Ù Circumcising Gentiles Acts 15 How the early Christians, under the direction of the apostles, went about settling this dispute is precisely the focus of this lesson They appealed to this same 3-fold approach

Establishing Biblical Authority All 3 Methods Used By 1st Century Christians The Issue Ù Circumcising Gentiles Acts 15 Established by an Example vv. 7-11 Peter discusses his work among the uncircumcised Gentiles He references his visit with Cornelius vv cp. 10:44-47

AUTHORITY ESTABLISHED
Lesson 7 Ù Biblical Authority (Part B) Establishing Biblical Authority All 3 Methods Used By 1st Century Christians The Issue Ù Circumcising Gentiles Acts 15 Established by an Example vv. 7-11 The Gentiles had been “saved” v cp. v. 1 This served as an example of how God had “cleansed the Gentiles by faith” without them submitting to circumcision v. 9 AUTHORITY ESTABLISHED

Establishing Biblical Authority All 3 Methods Used By 1st Century Christians The Issue Ù Circumcising Gentiles Acts 15 Established by a Necessary Inference v. 12 Paul & Barnabas discuss their mission work among the uncircumcised, emphasizing the signs & wonders they did cp. 2:4, : : :8 8:6 9:32-42

Lesson 7 Ù Biblical Authority (Part B) Establishing Biblical Authority All 3 Methods Used By 1st Century Christians The Issue Ù Circumcising Gentiles Acts 15 Established by a Necessary Inference v. 12 Miracles were done among Jews & Gentiles This infers that God was willing to accept the Gentiles without them submitting to circumcision AUTHORITY ESTABLISHED

Establishing Biblical Authority All 3 Methods Used By 1st Century Christians The Issue Ù Circumcising Gentiles Acts 15 Established by a Command vv James reminds everyone what God had earlier spoken through one of the prophets cp. Amos 9:11-12

Lesson 7 Ù Biblical Authority (Part B) Establishing Biblical Authority All 3 Methods Used By 1st Century Christians The Issue Ù Circumcising Gentiles Acts 15 Established by a Command vv If God had already spoken about bringing in the Gentiles with no mention of them being circumcised, that settled the issue AUTHORITY ESTABLISHED

Establishing Biblical Authority All 3 Methods Used By 1st Century Christians The Issue Ù Circumcising Gentiles Acts 15 Establishing authority using this “3-approach method” accomplished 2 important things… The controversy was solved v. 19 Unity was produced in the churches v. 31

Lesson 8 Ù Respecting God’s Silence
The previous material has emphasized the authority of what God has said The following material emphasizes the authority of what God has not said Both of these are equally authoritative In fact, respect is especially shown when God is silent

A very common question asked whenever God has not spoken re: a matter is “Why can’t we…?” This is basically decided by 2 extremes – God’s silence is permissive God’s silence is prohibitive

The argument over the “permissiveness” or “prohibitiveness” of God’s silence is not a new debate This debate was had even during the days of the Religious Reformation (15th & 16th centuries)

A key verse containing a guiding principle in this “debate” is Deut 29:29 What God has said belongs to us What God has not said is a “secret” – belongs to Him This is a principle that even earthly parents understand, employ with their children

Principles re: God’s silence from the O.T. Israel at the Red Sea Ex 14:10-14 They had to “wait” for God’s answer vv They had already asked the “Why couldn’t we…” questions vv They were eventually told to “Go forward” toward the sea Ù God helps in “bleak” situations This teaches us to “wait” for God’s answer

Principles re: God’s silence from the O.T. Israel during the Passover Num 9:1-14 They were told to observe the Passover as the Law directed vv. 2-3 A situation arose that was an exception vv. 6-7 Moses’ reply, “Wait…I’ll go ask the Lord” v. 8 God made additional provisions re: this situation vv

Principles re: God’s silence from the O.T. Israel at the Red Sea Ex 14:10-14 Israel during the Passover Num 9:1-14 What these examples teach us is that we are not at liberty to act when God is silent on an issue…we must determine His will before doing anything

Disregarding God’s silence from the O.T. Saul and his offering 1 Sam 13:8-14 Saul reasoned, “People are leaving…Samuel’s not coming…I’d better do something” vv. 8, 11-12 After all, isn’t doing something better than doing nothing? Samuel rebukes the king’s “foolishness” and his “disobedience” v. 13

Disregarding God’s silence from the O.T. Saul and his offering 1 Sam 13:8-14 The lesson Ù We cannot allow “the moment” to justify doing something God has not authorized God had already given the authorization re: who was to offer sacrifices Num 3:1-10 Did He say anything about a king offering them? What did this “silence” mean?

Disregarding God’s silence from the O.T. David and the Temple 2 Sam 7:1-7 David planned to build God a house v. 2 How would you judge his intentions, his motive? He even had the “approval” or “endorsement” from Nathan the prophet v. 3 Modern-day equivalent Ù many act in ways because their preachers give their approval

Disregarding God’s silence from the O.T. David and the Temple 2 Sam 7:1-7 God’s response to David’s plans is the theme for this lesson vv. 4-7 What does this “silence” teach us? Did God have plans for His house? vv cp. Isa 46: Rom 4: Acts 2:29-31 Practical lessons for us today? cp. Prov 14:12

Statements Re: God’s Silence From The N.T. The oracles of God 1 Pet 4:11 If any man is going to speak (teach), he needs to “speak as the oracles of God” “Oracles” = utterances, words God has spoken This limits us to only say what God has said If God hasn’t spoken about it (SILENCE), we must not speak about it

Statements Re: God’s Silence From The N.T. The superior Son of God Heb 1:5 He is Divine…He is a “Son,” a “Spokesman,” the “exact Representation of God’s nature,” and “better than the angels” vv. 2-4 No angel was ever told, “Thou art My Son…” God was silent about that…an angel could not assume such a vaunted position

Statements Re: God’s Silence From The N.T. The Priesthood of Jesus Heb 7:11-14 His Priesthood is perpetual…“after the order of Melchizedek” 5:1-10; 7:1-28 For Him to be a Priest now necessitates a change in the Law also 7:11-13 Moses (i.e. God) “…spoke nothing” (SILENCE) re: a priest coming from the tribe of Judah 7:14

Statements Re: God’s Silence From The N.T. Circumcising Gentiles Acts 15:24 Certain men decided to teach something v. 1 The apostles (Christ’s official ambassadors) “…had given no such instruction” v. 24 Their silence on this matter was prohibitive

Statements Re: God’s Silence From The N.T. A Final Word Of Caution… We must be careful not to confuse silence in the Scripture with the earlier study of General & Specific Authority Ù discussion of expediencies We should not conclude that silence in a specific matter constitutes a prohibition re: a general command

Statements Re: God’s Silence From The N.T. A Final Word Of Caution… The Scripture is silent about song books…but it is not silent about ________________ The Scripture is silent about church buildings… but it is not silent about ___________________ singing Eph 5:19; Col 3:16 assembling Heb 10:25

Statements Re: God’s Silence From The N.T. A Final Word Of Caution… The Scripture is silent about gospel meetings… but it is not silent about ________________ preaching Mk 16:15; Rom 10:14-15

Conclusion God’s silence is authoritative & prohibitive We must never think too much of ourselves or our ideas above God’s Rom 12:3 1 Cor 4:6 We must stay within Christ’s doctrine 2 Jn 9 Whatever we do must be done “in the name of” (by the authority of) Christ Col 3:17

Lesson 9 Ù The Church Of The Lord
Obligations for which we’ll be judged are primarily personal Rom 14: Cor 5:10 Yet, the Scripture also places a high premium on our collective responsibilities Groups to which we belong (family, civil, secular) provide important activities, duties The Lord’s church is of most importance

One cannot be saved by Christ and then “ignore” or “bypass” His N.T. church Upon conversion, He adds us to is Acts 2:47 He promised to build it Mt 16:18 He maintains control of it 2 Tim 2:19 He “manages” each church’s “candlestick” Rev 2:5

Since He controls the church universally, our focus will on the church locally It is through the local church Christians are organized and employed in the work of the kingdom of God How we feel about the church reflects how we feel about God

The Scripture presents the N.T. church (both universally & locally) in different aspects to emphasize her importance Examining these aspects will hopefully increase our appreciation for the church, and will also help ensure our faithfulness to God

The Church Of The Lord – Its Origin Knowing when the church began is important so that we can properly distinguish her from all other religious organizations Good things “were still yet to come” even when Christ appeared Heb 9:11 O.T. system was only a “shadow” Heb 10:1

The Church Of The Lord – Its Origin Prophetically, the church was “announced” long before she came into existence The “mountain of the house of the Lord” would appear in the “last days” Isa 2:2 Mic 4:1 These “last days” are the days of the Messiah Heb 1: Joel 2:28 Acts 2:17 Dan 2:28

The Church Of The Lord – Its Origin This “mountain of the house of the Lord” would appear without help from man, ultimately filling the entire earth Dan 2:34-35, cp. Heb 12:18-24 “All nations streaming to it” invites more than just the Jews Isa 2:2 Mic 4:1 Gen 12: Gal 3:8

The Church Of The Lord – Its Origin The statements of Jesus coincide with these ancient prophetic announcements Lk 24: Acts 1:4-8 The prophecy of Daniel provides the historical perspective of the progression of empires into which this kingdom would come Dan 2:31-45

The Church Of The Lord – Its Origin The prophecy of Daniel Dan 2:31-45 A kingdom described as follows – It originates from something made “without hands” (no human origin) v. 33 It will never be destroyed v. 44 It will never be left to another people v. 44

The Church Of The Lord – Its Origin The prophecy of Daniel Dan 2:31-45 A kingdom described as follows – It will endure forever v. 44 It was still not in existence during the days of the forerunner…John Mt 3:1-2 He was never in the church Mt 11:11

The Church Of The Lord – Its Origin Even when the Builder (Jesus) was on the earth, it still was not yet in existence Mk 1:15 His disciples preached what He did re: the church Mt 10:7 Acts 2 is the “hinge” upon which all these events turn cp. Joel 2

The Church Of The Lord – Its Nature The N.T. Scripture presents the church using various “metaphors” to emphasize the different ways her members are to act, function Understanding these “metaphors” will help us see our duties & appreciate God, His plan

The Church Of The Lord – Its Nature The church as a “called out body” Actual meaning of word translated “church” Good example in Acts 19:32, 39, 41 Used in universal sense Mt 16:18 Used in local sense 1 Cor 1:2

The Church Of The Lord – Its Nature The church as a “called out body” A “holy calling” that originated in the mind of God before creation 2 Tim 1:7-9 A “calling” that invites us to the “eternal glory in Christ” 1 Pet 5:10 A “calling” we need to ensure 2 Pet 1:10

The Church Of The Lord – Its Nature The church as a “called out body” This “calling” is not with respect to the specific individual (John, Mary) as is taught by Calvinism Ù their idea of “election” This “calling” is for the kind of person God always wanted (“whosoever”) Joel 2:28 Acts 2:21

The Church Of The Lord – Its Nature The church as a “called out body” This “calling” seeks to bring us out of “darkness” and into His “light” 1 Pet 2:9 cp. Jn 3: Jn 1:5-7 This “calling” is accomplished by the gospel 2 Thess 2:13-14

The Church Of The Lord – Its Nature The church as the “household of God” Emphasis is on our closeness as a family We have a loving Father to Whom the “house” should be thankful Eph 3:14 We have the only Father (exclusiveness) through Whom are all things 1 Cor 8:6

The Church Of The Lord – Its Nature The church as the “household of God” There is a “Son over this house”…Jesus Heb 3:6 This “house” has a Spirit that brings men to adoption, makes them heirs & joint heirs with the Son Rom 8: Gal 4:7

The Church Of The Lord – Its Nature The church as the “household of God” Some “benefits” of being in this “house”… A Father’s love that allows us to be His children Jn 3:1 The privilege of prayer, making know our requests and needs to our Father Mt 6:6, 9

The Church Of The Lord – Its Nature The church as the “household of God” Some “benefits” of being in this “house”… An all-knowing Father Who is aware of our every need Mt 6:8 Lk 11:9-13 When necessary, a Father who loves us enough to discipline us so that He might bring about “the peaceable fruit of righteousness” Heb 12:5-11

The Church Of The Lord – Its Nature The church as a “kingdom” Emphasis is on the imperial rule of Jesus The “kingdom” preached from the beginning was the same one prophesied of from long ago 2 Sam 7: Acts 2: Mk 1:15 Jn 18:33-37

The Church Of The Lord – Its Nature The church as a “kingdom” This “kingdom” is not of this world…it is not defined by worldly attributes…it is not observable as earthly kingdoms are Jn 18:36 Rom 14:17 Lk 17:20-21 A “kingdom” one is not far from Mk 12:34

The Church Of The Lord – Its Nature The church as a “kingdom” This “kingdom” does not pass through or grow through borders or boundaries or lands This “kingdom” passes through (grows) through men…one heart at a time Lk 4:5-8 Mt 28: Mk 16:15-16

The Church Of The Lord – Its Nature The church as a “kingdom” This “kingdom” has a law…the teachings of Jesus Christ All men are subject to this law 1 Cor 9:21 All men will be judged by this law Jn 12:48

The Church Of The Lord – Its Nature The church as a “body” Emphasis is on the Head, the various parts that make up the body, and their connected functions for the body’s well being The “body” & the “church” are synonymous Eph 1: Col 1:18, 24

The Church Of The Lord – Its Nature The church as a “body” There is only one “body” Eph 4:4 The “body” is subject to the Head in all her responsibilities Eph 5:24 Every “joint” in the “body” must supply its part for the body as a whole Eph 4:16

The Church Of The Lord – Its Nature The church as a “body” The proper attitudes re: body members need to be present 1 Cor 12:15-19, 21 Some members may discount their worth, importance to the body vv Some members may inflate their worth v. 21

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work This is where many churches go astray They involve themselves in works for which there is no Biblical authority cp. Mt 7:23 Succinctly put, the church’s work is 3-fold The work & how it is to be done can be identified from the Scripture

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work EVANGELISM Ù The church’s primary work The need for salvation is universal, affecting every man Rom 3:9-10, 23 Gal 3:22 The gospel is God’s solution to man’s sin problem…it tells us what Jesus did to save us from sin Rom 1: Cor 15:1-4

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work EVANGELISM Ù The church’s primary work The written word is truth…the church is the “pillar” for truth Jn 8: Tim 3:14-15 The church supports the preaching and teaching of the gospel Acts 13: : Cor 11: Phil 1: :14-16

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work EVANGELISM Ù The church’s primary work How the church supports the gospel – By supporting a preacher who works locally Cor 9: cp. Acts 18:1-3 By supporting a preacher who labors elsewhere 2 Cor 11: Phil 4:10-16

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work EVANGELISM Ù The church’s primary work How the church supports the gospel – The pattern for how the 1st century church supported the gospel is important to see The money was sent directly to the preacher No intermediary agency was sought, used

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work EVANGELISM Ù The church’s primary work 1st century churches cooperated in supporting gospel preaching 2 Cor 11:8 “Cooperation” is not “coordination” It is on this point man-made churches and the Lord’s church have gone astray

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work EVANGELISM Ù The church’s primary work Departures from the revealed pattern… Mid 1800’s Ù The Missionary Society

Preacher In Foreign Work
The Missionary Society Church A 2 Cor 11 Phil 4 Preacher In Foreign Work COOPERATION Church B Authority?

Preacher In Foreign Work
The Missionary Society Church A Authority? Preacher In Foreign Work Church B COORDINATION MISSIONARY SOCIETY Church Z

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work EVANGELISM Ù The church’s primary work Departures from the revealed pattern… Mid 1800’s Ù The Missionary Society Faithful brethren opposed this work A split occurred…brethren who advocated this left & eventually formed the Christian Church

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work EVANGELISM Ù The church’s primary work Departures from the revealed pattern… Mid 1800’s Ù The Missionary Society Mid 1900’s Ù The Sponsoring Church

Originated by Highland church of Christ in Abilene, TX in 1952
The Missionary Society Church A THE HERALD OF TRUTH Gospel Work Church B Church Z Originated by Highland church of Christ in Abilene, TX in 1952

The Herald Of Truth Radio Television Internet
Information courtesy of

The Herald Of Truth Our Vision Our Strategy
Allowing every person on earth multiple opportunities to hear, see & experience the gospel of Jesus Christ, in their native language – every nation – every moment – every day. Our Strategy Reaching out to individuals through media, the internet and events, doing what the local church can’t. Our goal is to lead the lost to Christ, disciple and integrate new believers in the local church. Information courtesy of

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work EVANGELISM Ù The church’s primary work Departures from the revealed pattern… Mid 1800’s Ù The Missionary Society Mid 1900’s Ù The Sponsoring Church

Gospel Work (support of a preacher, some teaching program, etc.)
The Sponsoring Church Church A Authority? Sponsoring Church Gospel Work (support of a preacher, some teaching program, etc.) Church B Church Z

Publication originates from the Jacksonville church of Christ, Jacksonville, AL
2.5 million copies are distributed to over 800 churches bi-monthly Churches send contributions to purchase mailing lists for their respective mailing areas

One Nation Under God is an evangelistic project under the oversight of the elders of the Sycamore Church of Christ in Cookeville, Tennessee. By means of direct mail, the gospel is made known to population groups in various countries. Original solicitation from churches of Christ to evangelize the United States Ù $17 million

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work EVANGELISM Ù The church’s primary work Departures from the revealed pattern… Mid 1800’s Ù The Missionary Society Mid 1900’s Ù The Sponsoring Church The principle from 1 Pet 5:2 is violated by these arrangements

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work EDIFICATION Ù How the church is built up “Edify” = to build up; to establish; to instruct and improve [Webster] The N.T. discusses what edification is 1 Cor 14:2-5, 12-19, Eph 4: Rom 14:19 – 15:2 Heb 3: :24-25

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work EDIFICATION Ù How the church is built up Some churches of Christ determined saints could be “edified” through secular education Colleges offering a broad-based curriculum as well as Biblical courses were viewed as a good way to “edify” & educate young people

Lipscomb, Harding Abilene, etc.
"Christian" Colleges Church A Authority? COLLEGE Lipscomb, Harding Abilene, etc. “Edified” Church B Church Z

Harding University (Searcy, Arkansas)
Harding University is a private Christian institution of higher education committed to the tradition of the liberal arts and sciences. The University serves a diverse, coeducational student body from across the United States and around the world, although the primary constituency for students and financial support is the fellowship of the churches of Christ. Source:

Sunset School of Preaching
Preaching Schools Church A Authority? PREACHING SCHOOL Sunset School of Preaching Preacher Church B Church Z

Vision We are preparing men and women to take the light of the gospel of Christ to every individual in our world today! Over 2,000 men and women have completed our main core training program, and over 1,300 of our graduated men now minister in local churches of Christ in the U.S. Source:

Mission Source: www.sibi.cc
Sunset International Bible Institute has led the way in churches of Christ to produce well-equipped teachers, preachers, and missionaries to share the Gospel across America and around the world. More than 3,000 Sunset-trained spokesmen have been sent out to proclaim Jesus Christ throughout the world. Countless congregations of churches of Christ have been established and tens of thousands have become Christians through Sunset's influence. Source:

History In 1962, missionary Cline Paden established a preacher training school in Lubbock with the help of West Texas church leaders. The following year the elders of the Sunset Church of Christ in Lubbock accepted oversight of the school. It was moved into the facilities of the Sunset church and was renamed West Texas Bible School. Source:

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work EDIFICATION Ù How the church is built up Some churches (both denominational & churches of Christ) offer social activities to “edify” members, attract new members “Fellowship Halls” and “Family Life Centers” now dominate the religious landscape

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work EDIFICATION Ù How the church is built up Some churches (both denominational & churches of Christ) offer social activities to “edify” members, attract new members The church has become the “Poor Man’s Country Club”

Authority? Church A 1 Cor 11:22, 34 Rom 14:17 Food Frolic Fun
or church of Christ) (Denominational Food Frolic Fun 1 Cor 11:22, 34 Rom 14:17 “Edified”

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work EDIFICATION Ù How the church is built up That which a person is converted WITH is what a person is converted TO What if we take away the hot dogs, hay rides, and ball teams? cp. Jn 6:15, 26-27, 66-68 Where’s the “edified person?”

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work EDIFICATION Ù How the church is built up That which a person is converted WITH is what a person is converted TO What if we offer regular hot dogs & the church down the street offers foot-long hot dogs? Where’s the “edified person?”

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work BENEVOLENCE Ù Caring for the needy “Disposition to do good; an act of kindness; a generous gift” [Webster] The N.T. teaching on who the church can aid benevolently from its treasury is clear Nine passages address this work

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work BENEVOLENCE Ù Caring for the needy BELIEVERS Acts 2:44-45 Acts 4:32-35 BELIEVERS Acts 6:1-6 DISCIPLES

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work BENEVOLENCE Ù Caring for the needy BRETHREN Acts 11:27-30 Rom 15:25-31 SAINTS (3 times) 1 Cor 16:1-3 SAINTS

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work BENEVOLENCE Ù Caring for the needy SAINTS 2 Cor 8:4 2 Cor 9:1, 12-13 SAINTS (2 times) 1 Tim 5:16 BELIEVING WIDOWS

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work BENEVOLENCE Ù Caring for the needy This proved to be another battleground of division among brethren Some brethren felt compelled to include in the church’s work the care for the needy… specifically, orphans

Tennessee Orphan Home – 1909
Benevolent Work Local church in Columbia, TN ORPHANAGE Tennessee Orphan Home – 1909 Under elders’ oversight Orphan Authority?

Tennessee Orphan Home – 1910 Under Board of Directors
Benevolent Work Church A Authority? ORPHANAGE Tennessee Orphan Home – 1910 Under Board of Directors Church B Church Z

The Church Of The Lord – Its Work BENEVOLENCE Ù Caring for the needy Our liberally-minded brethren seek to use Gal 6:10 & Jas 1:27 as their “proof texts” to include these institutions in their budgets The context of each passage reveals such a use is not Biblical…therefore, not authorized

The Church Of The Lord – Its Organization The church of the New Testament is organized, both universally as well as locally Denominational churches of men as well as liberally-minded local churches of Christ have departed from the pattern in this area as well History bears all this out

Church Organization Diocese Roman Catholicism
Parish Church Diocese “Territorial jurisdiction of a bishop.” [Webster] Parish Church Parish Church

Church Organization Arch Diocese A Diocese Diocese B Diocese C
Roman Catholicism Diocese “Diocese of an archbishop.” [Webster] Arch Diocese A Diocese B Diocese C Diocese D

Church Organization Arch Diocese A Vatican Arch Diocese B
Roman Catholicism Arch Diocese A Vatican “Papal headquarters in Rome.” [Webster] Arch Diocese B Arch Diocese C Arch Diocese D

Church Organization Diocese Roman Catholicism
Parish Priest Parish Priest Diocese “Territorial jurisdiction of a bishop.” [Webster] Parish Priest Parish Priest

Church Organization Arch Diocese Roman Catholicism
“Diocese of an archbishop.” [Webster] Arch Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop Bishop

Church Organization Roman Catholicism Cardinal Arch Bishop Arch Bishop

POPE Church Organization Authority? Roman Catholicism
(Universal Bishop) Cardinal Cardinal Authority? Cardinal College of Cardinals

Denominational Church
Church Organization Protestantism Pastor or Reverend Denominational Church

Denominational Church Denominational Church Denominational Church
Church Organization Protestantism Denominational Board Earthly Headquarters Denominational Church Authority? Denominational Church Denominational Church

The Church Of The Lord – Its Organization The previous examples all demonstrate DEPENDENT church organization How those churches are arranged and how they operate is dependent upon something else…namely, centralized government The New Testament knows nothing about this

The Church Of The Lord – Its Organization The universal N. T. church of Christ has no earthly headquarters Its Head, Jesus Christ, is in heaven Heb 9:24 Acts 2: Eph 1:20-23 Therefore, “headquarters” are in heaven

The Church Of The Lord – Its Organization Local N. T. churches of Christ do not answer to any earthly headquarters Nor are they arranged or grouped together Each church is autonomous (independent) of other churches, and are self-governing Acts 14:23 Phil 1:1 Titus 1:5

The Church Of The Lord – Its Organization Local N. T. churches of Christ have qualified shepherds 1 Tim 3:1-7, Titus 1:6-9 Their oversight is limited to the work “…among them” 1 Pet 5:2 As “under-shepherds,” they are accountable to the “Chief Shepherd” – Jesus 1 Pet 5:4

Thematic Studies In Bible Basics

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