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Animal Phyla: Porifera & Cnidaria
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Phylum Porifera (Sponges)
Porifera means “__________________” Their bodies are perforated with holes that lead to an inner water chamber They pump water through these pores and expel it though_____________(large opening at top)
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Anatomy of a Sponge F A G B D E C D E Key A) Osculum Pore Amoebocyte
D) Spicule E) Choanocyte F) Flagella G) Microfilaments C D E E
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Anatomy of a Sponge (Cont.)
_____________________(Choanocytes) Inner layer of cells Contain flagella and microfilaments Flagella = suck water through pores Microfilaments = trap food particles ___________________(Amebocytes) Middle layer Take up food from choanocytes, digest it, and carry nutrients to other cells Form ________________ ____________________ Scaffolding that give sponge shape Used by scientists to identify different species of sponges
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Water Flow in Sponges… Pores Internal Cavity Osculum
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Phylum Porifera (Cont.)
___________________(no symmetry) Lack __________________ Represent the most ________ animals They have been evolving the ___________! Where do they live? (Habitat) ________________________________ How big are they? (Size) _________________________
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Phylum Porifera (Cont.)
What do they eat? (Diet) ______________________ Filter bacteria, protists, and small crustaceans from the water How do they move? Mobile _____________________ ___________ (do not move) as adults
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Phylum Porifera (Cont.)
How do they reproduce? Asexually ____________________ Produce internal buds called ______________which grow into new sponges Regeneration Able to ________________ missing parts Sexually Both male and female sex cells made by _______________ Sperm released from _______________of one sponge and enters the _________________ of another sponge– sperm of one sponge fertilizes the egg of another sponge
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Red Barrel Sponge Image Source:
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Branching Sponge
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Tube Sponge
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Indonesian Sponge
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Examples of Sponge Spicules
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Life Cycle of a Sponge Larva Released Sexual Reproduction
Egg and sperm meet New sponge is not identical to parents Flagella (movement) Sperm Egg New Sponge Dividing Cells Larva
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Phylum Cnidaria (Jellyfish, Sea Anemones, & Corals)
Exhibit________Symmetry 2 Forms __________ Sessile form (vase shape) ___________ Swimming form (umbrella shape)
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Phylum Cnidaria (Cont.)
2 Body Layers Epidermis (outer layer) & Gastrodermis (inner layer) Mesoglea Jelly-like substance in between inner and outer layer Gastrovascular Cavity (GVC) Empty space where digestion takes place
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Anatomy of a Jellyfish
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Phylum Cnidaria (Cont.)
Cnidocytes and Nematocytes _________________ = specialized cells used for defense _____________ = structures inside the cnidocyte that contain stinging filaments The filaments have sharp tips that can inject _________________ into victims
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Phylum Cnidaria (Cont.)
1st Nervous System Porifera have _______ developed nervous system Cnidarians have _________________system No brain, but rather a loose collection of nerves called a __________________ ___________________throughout the whole body
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Phylum Cnidaria (Cont.)
Where do they live? (Habitat) Mostly ______________ ____________ found in fresh water How big are they? (Size) Can be up to 6.5 feet in diameter and have ~_________________long tentacles
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Phylum Cnidaria (Cont.)
What do they eat? How do they eat? Tentacles _______________________. Nematocysts ___________ poison. _____________ push food into mouth How do they move? If mobile, move by contraction and expansion of body
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Phylum Cnidaria (Cont.)
How do they reproduce? Asexually Budding & Regeneration Sexually Adult ____________releases ________ and __________ into the water where external fertilization takes place zygote Zygote forms the ___________________ (hollow ball of cells) and then forms a ___________ (ciliated larva) ______________attaches to the ocean floor and develops mouth and tentacles Stacks of _______________ form and then detach to form individual jellyfish
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Life Cycle of Jellyfish
Adult Female Medusa Adult Male Medusa Young Medusa Sperm Egg Blastula Planula Polyp
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Class: Hydrozoa Portugese Man-of-War Hydra Found in tropical oceans
Polyp form found in __________________ Portugese Man-of-War Found in tropical oceans Very _________________ to fish and even humans
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Class: Scyphozoa Over ___species Common jellyfish exist as
both _______ _____________ Image Source:
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Class: Anthozoa Includes __________________________ Corals
All marine Medusa stage ________________________ Corals Are polyps that live in _______________________ Use nutrients from algae for energy ________________________________ Largest coral colony on earth _______________________ Are polyps that use poisonous tentacles to feed on small fish
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Coral Reef Coral Polyps
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Sea Anemone Image Source:
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Cnetophora (Comb Jellies)
Cnetophora are technically a _____________________from Cnidaria, but they are closely related. For our purposes, we’ll group comb jellies with __________ Cnetophora Found in ______________ ______________________
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