1. Kristian Kersting Fraunhofer IAIS, Germany Agricultural Dept., University of Bonn, Germany Medical School, Wake Forest University, USA Aristoteles, Problemata physica 29,13, 300 BC, among others In dubio pro reo

2. Kristian Kersting A long time ago in Greece,...

3. Kristian Kersting A long time ago in Greece,...  In the trial of Orestes in Aeschylus' Eumenides (produced in 458), Athena says she will select jurors and will establish the homicide court on the Areopagus for all time; and she tells the parties in the case (Orestes and the Furies) to summon witnesses and gather evidence, as she will select the best men of Athens to act as jurors, and they will take an oath not to act contrary to justice (482-89). Later she casts the last (and tie-generating) vote, in favor of Orestes. Before the votes are counted, she says: “Orestes wins, even if he is judged equal in votes”. And that is precisely what happens.

4. Kristian Kersting A long time ago in Greece,...  In the trial of Orestes in Aeschylus' Eumenides (produced in 458), Athena says she will select jurors and will establish the homicide court on the Areopagus for all time; and she tells the parties in the case (Orestes and the Furies) to summon witnesses and gather evidence, as she will select the best men of Athens to act as jurors, and they will take an oath not to act contrary to justice (482-89). Later she casts the last (and tie-generating) vote, in favor of Orestes. Before the votes are counted, she says: “Orestes wins, even if he is judged equal in votes”. And that is precisely what happens. first trial by jury in western history

5. A Fundamental Principle in Law Kristian Kersting "The condition of the defendant is to be favored rather than that of the plaintiff."

6. A Fundamental Principle in Reviewing  PC co-chairs = Athene  Parties = PC members vs. co-authors  Jurors = area chairs/senior PC members Kristian Kersting This should apply to all levels of reviewing "The condition of the defendant is to be favored rather than that of the plaintiff."

7. "The condition of the paper is to be favored rather than that of the reviewer." A Fundamental Principle in Reviewing  PC co-chairs = Athene  Parties = PC members vs. co-authors  Jurors = area chairs/senior PC members Kristian Kersting This should apply to all levels of reviewing

8. Your Bayesian Mind as a Reviewer Kristian Kersting Posterior Review Likelihood Prior Probability of review Keep all decisions in mind A shift from “apriori reject” to “apriori accept”

9. Benefits  Would establish that there is nothing wrong with accepting a paper  No unjustified decisions...  „I have a bad feeling about the paper...“  „I guess this has been done already...“... since an „aposteriori negative“ reviewer would have to fight the priori by providing arguments! Kristian Kersting Thanks for you attention