Download presentation
Presentation is loading. Please wait.
Published byMadalynn Wilkins Modified over 9 years ago
1
African-American History from the Civil War to the Present dr. Liz Bryant
2
US During the 1850s Lots of tension over slavery South – Wants slavery to expand – Economy is totally dependent on slavery
3
US During the 1850s North- wants slavery to stop Abolition – Gradualists – Immediatists Key: this does not mean that Northerners believe African-Americans should be EQUAL; they just felt they shouldn’t be slaves
4
Election of 1860
5
Lincoln’s Beliefs He was anti-slavery BUT did not want to abolish slavery immediately Thought it should end gradually
6
BUT THE SOUTH DID NOT TRUST LINCOLN
7
The Secession Crisis Deep South followed: 1.12/20/60 South Carolina 2.01/09/61 Mississippi 3.01/10/61 Florida 4.01/11/61 Alabama 5.01/19/61 Georgia 6.01/26/61 Louisiana 7.02/01/61 Texas
8
Map of Dates of Secession
9
Become the Confederate States of America
10
WAR!!!!
11
Goals during War South Want to keep slavery North Want to keep the Union intact
12
Emancipation Proclamation
13
Freed slaves only in areas that had seceded from the United States (no jurisdiction) Used as a justification for the war Why doesn’t Lincoln free all the slaves?
14
Blacks in the Military
15
Blacks Served in the Navy
16
Gideon Welles Secretary of Navy Authorized enlistment of black soldiers BUT: – Highest rank was “boy” – Paid less than whites
17
James Lane Authorized blacks in calvary – These were the first blacks in combat – Blacks could not become officers
18
Recruiting African-Americans
19
1863- Large Scale Registration of Black Soldiers
20
54 th Massachusetts
21
Colonel Robert Shaw
22
Differences in the Way Troops Were Treated Pay – Blacks= $10 a month (minus $3 for clothes) – Whites= $13 a month (plus 3.50 clothes allowance) Black volunteers could not receive $100 bounty Blacks could not become commissioned officers
23
Black POWs Were not treated as enemy combatants Were to be treated as slaves and taken to the South and sold
24
White Officers of Black Troops Confederacy called for the death of all white officers working with black troops (1863)
25
Black Soldiers Took part in 450 battles 154 regiments 12% of Union forces 186,017 served/ 68,178 died Mortality rate= 40%
26
RECONSTRUCTION
27
Canons Conquer But They Do Not Necessarily Convert Post-War South: Economy is destroyed
28
Many Plans for Reconstruction Lincoln (Presidential) Johnson Radical
29
Different Goals for Reconstruction Lincoln- wants to reunite North and South as quickly as possible Radical Republicans- want to punish the South
30
Issue: What Is Going to Happen to the 4 Million Freedmen
31
Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction Known as Presidential Reconstruction 10% of Southerners had to take a loyalty oath After oath, states could draw up new constitutions that – Abolished Slavery – Provided education to freedmen
32
Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction Pretty easy on the South
33
Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction No mention of civil or political rights for African-Americans
34
Lincoln’s Plan for Reconstruction Criticized by the Radical Republicans in Congress for being too lenient
35
Wade-Davis Bill Passed by Congress Required 50% of Southerners to take an “ironclad” oath to the Union Vetoed by Lincoln
36
Lincoln’s Fate
37
Andrew Johnson
38
Lincoln’s Vice President Southern Democrat Not well-educated
39
Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction Key: Johnson was concerned with uniting the white north and the white south Did not care what happened to African- Americans
40
Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction Did not require common men to take a loyalty oath Only planters with over 20,000$ had to request a presidential pardon All states had to ratify the 13 th Amendment before being allowed back into the Union
41
Johnson’s Plan for Reconstruction
42
13 th Amendment
43
What actually ended slavery in the United States
45
The Radical Republicans Led by Thaddeus Stevens and Charles Sumner Wanted to do more for African-Americans Constantly challenged Johnson
46
Thaddeus Stevens
47
Charles Sumner
48
Goals of the Radical Republicans 1)Punish the South 2)Help African Americans
49
Why were the Radical Republicans So Angry? 1)Confederate leaders were back in power 2)Emergence of Black Codes
50
Alexander Stephens
51
Black Codes Slave codes but for freedman Regulated almost every aspect of their lives
52
Black Codes
53
Freedman’s Bureau Established by Lincoln to help African- Americans make the transition from slavery to freedom
54
Freedman’s Bureau
55
Freedman’s Bureau Schools
56
Freedman’s School
57
Johnson and the Freedmen’s Bureau Johnson vetoed the renewal of the Freedmen’s Bureau Said it was no longer necessary because wartime conditions had ended Becomes a big battle between Johnson and the Radical Republicans
58
Civil Rights Act (1866)
59
Guarantees civil rights to blacks Vetoed by Johnson Radicals override him Shows Radicals are now in charge of Reconstruction
60
Freedmen’s Bureau Radical Republicans pass a revised version of this bill
61
RADICAL RECONSTRUCTION
62
“Radical” Reconstruction Designed to help African-Americans more than either Lincoln or Johnson’s plans Punished the South
63
14 th Amendment
64
Granted African-Americans citizenship Gives blacks equal protection under the law KEY: Native Americans are not considered citizens under the 14 th Amendment
65
South Divided into 5 Military Districts
66
Reconstruction Act (1867) Creates 5 military districts in the South All states must ratify the 14 th Amendment All states must guarantee blacks the right to vote
67
Reconstruction Act (1867) Johnson tries to veto this but is overridden
68
South’s Reaction to the Reconstruction Act Thought it was unfair – Blacks couldn’t vote in all northern states so why were they allowed to in the South Hated seeing Union military leaders in the South making sure the Reconstruction Act was enforced
69
When States Were Admitted Back into the Union
70
15 th Amendment
71
Gave African-Americans the right to vote
72
Blacks Voting
73
The 15 th Amendment: Idealized
74
Depicting That All Men Could Vote
75
Voting Was Not Always an Easy Process
76
CHANGES IN THE SOUTH…
77
Carpetbaggers
78
Northerners who came South during Reconstruction to profit financially White Republican Many are elected to office
79
Scalawags
80
White Southerners who voted Republican Most hated group in the South – Seen as being treasonous
81
AFRICAN-AMERICANS DURING RECONSTRUCTION
82
African Americans during Reconstruction A visible minority
83
Blacks Were Politically Active Served in government in the local, state, and federal levels Voted in large numbers – Republican – Seen as the “Party of Lincoln”
84
From the plantation to the Senate… Most blacks were not prepared for these positions
85
Blanche Bruce
86
Hiram Revels
87
Black Politicians Create many programs designed to help African-Americans ISSUE: leads to taxes being raised
88
Black Politicians By the end of Reconstruction: – 16 Black Congressmen – 600 Black state legislators – 18 served as Lieutenant Governors, Treasurers, or Secretaries of State – Several hundred- local leadership roles Justice of the Peace School superintendents Mayors Country Commissioners Sheriffs
89
“Negro Supremacy”
90
Stereotype created by racist whites Fear tactic to get Southerners to come together to support white Democrats Components taken from slavery: – Blacks are brutes – Black men want to rape white women – Do you want to trust black men with a gun?
91
The Brute
92
Stereotype of Negro Supremacy
93
LIFE FOR AFRICAN AMERICANS DURING RECONSTRUCTION…
94
Life for African Americans in the South Most worked agricultural jobs – Sharecropping – Tenant farming – Crop-lien system
95
Example of Sharecropping
96
Sharecropping Plantations are broken up into smaller plots Blacks work land Split profits 50/50 with owner of land Owner provides: – Land, seeds, farming tools, etc. Blacks provide labor
97
Tenant Farmers
98
Similar to sharecropping BUT blacks have something to contribute besides labor 75/25 split of profits
99
A Different Look Than Slavery?
100
Living Quarters
102
Crop Lien System Whites loan money to blacks to buy supplies, etc. Was to be paid back when crops were harvested
103
Crop Lien System ISSUE: What happens if a farmer has a bad year?
104
Crop Lien System Keeps blacks in a cycle of poverty Not allowed to move if they owed money
105
REACTION TO RECONSTRUCTION
106
Rise of White Supremacist Organizations Ku Klux Klan (KKK) Knights of the White Magnolia Goal of these groups was to restore white supremacy in the South through any means necessary
107
Birth of a Nation 1915 How is Reconstruction portrayed? How are blacks acting? What stereotypes are they conforming to?
108
KKK
110
KKK Used Terror to Achieve Their Goals
111
KKK= Voter Intimidation
112
KKK Social club founded in 1866 Hated Republicans Goal: Get Democrats in office
113
KKK Used voter intimidation to achieve their goal Blacks, Catholics, carpetbaggers, scalawags
114
KKK Their tactics work Leads to the emergence of “Redeemer” governments throughout the South – Conservative, white, Democratic leaders
115
Civil Rights Act 1875 Guaranteed blacks equal treatment in: – Public accommodation – Public transportation – Said blacks could serve on juries
116
Reaction to the Civil Rights Act of 1875
Similar presentations
© 2024 SlidePlayer.com Inc.
All rights reserved.