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CHAP. 4, part 1 of 3: DEFINITIONAL EXCEPTIONS TO THE MEANING OF HEARSAY P. JANICKE 2012.

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Presentation on theme: "CHAP. 4, part 1 of 3: DEFINITIONAL EXCEPTIONS TO THE MEANING OF HEARSAY P. JANICKE 2012."— Presentation transcript:

1 CHAP. 4, part 1 of 3: DEFINITIONAL EXCEPTIONS TO THE MEANING OF HEARSAY P. JANICKE 2012

2 Chap. 4, part 12 IF OUT-OF-COURT DECLARANT IS WITNESS AT TRIAL A FEW DEFINITIONAL EXCEPTIONS TO “HEARSAY” APPLY [R 801(d)(1)] –PRIOR INCONSISTENT STATEMENT

3 2012Chap. 4, part 13 (1) PRIOR INCONSISTENT STATEMENT –ALWAYS ALLOWED TO IMPEACH –NOW PROPONENT IS TRYING TO GET IT IN FOR ITS TRUTH AS WELL –HAS TO HAVE BEEN UNDER OATH –HAS TO HAVE BEEN IN A FORMAL PROCEEDING [HENCE A LIMITED RULE]

4 2012Chap. 4, part 14 RECALL: BY OUT-OF-COURT WE MEAN OUTSIDE THE PRESENT HEARING [R801(c)] –TESTIMONY AT FIRST TRIAL IN SAME CASE IS “OUT-OF-COURT” –TESTIMONY IN ANOTHER CASE IS “OUT-OF- COURT” –DEPOSITIONS: TEXAS STATE PRACTICE: TREATED AS PART OF TRIAL FED. PRACTICE: REGARDED AS DIFFERENT HEARING

5 2012Chap. 4, part 15 TEXAS RULE ON PRIOR INCONSISTENT STMTS. TEXAS RULE 801(e)(1)(A) SAYS YOU CAN’T USE A 3d PERSON’S PRIOR GRAND JURY TESTIMONY IN THIS WAY CAN OF COURSE USE IT TO IMPEACH IMPACT OF THE TEXAS RULE: CAN’T CONVICT BASED ON A 3d PERSON’S RECANTED GRAND JURY TESTIMONY

6 2012Chap. 4, part 16 (2) PRIOR CONSISTENT STATEMENTS NOW BEING OFFERED FOR THEIR TRUTH THE RULE, 801(d)(1)(B), MATCHES THE RULE FOR REHABILITATING A WITNESS’S CREDIBILITY: –MUST FIRST BE ATTACKED –CAN USE STMT. MADE PRIOR TO ONSET OF ALLEGED MOTIVE TO FALSIFY

7 2012Chap. 4, part 17 (3) STATEMENT OF IDENTIFICATION OF A PERSON NEED NOT HAVE BEEN UNDER OATH OR IN A PROCEEDING EXAMPLES: –TESTIMONY BY POLICEMAN THAT W PICKED D OUT OF A LINEUP –TESTIMONY BY A BYSTANDER THAT W SELECTED D’S PHOTO FROM A COLLECTION –TESTIMONY BY W THAT W PICKED D OUT OF LINEUP OR PHOTO SET

8 2012Chap. 4, part 18 NOT SO OBVIOUS EXAMPLE: –“THE MAN WAS DRIVING” BORDERLINE CASES: –“SHE ID’D THE ONE WITH THE BROWN HAIR” –“I TOLD THEM HE HAD BROWN HAIR” [THERE COMES A POINT WHERE THE STMT. NO LONGER IDENTIFIES]

9 2012Chap. 4, part 19 RECALL: WIT. CAN ALWAYS SAY WHAT SHE SAW HERE WE ARE TALKING ABOUT TESTIMONY THAT SHE SAID, OUT OF COURT, THAT SHE SAW....

10 2012Chap. 4, part 110 A CLOSER LOOK AT “ADMISSIONS” [R 801(d)(2)] RECALL: WE DON’T ANALYZE WHICH WAY THE STATEMENT CUTS IF IT’S A PARTY’S STATEMENT, AND OFFERED BY THE OPPOSING LAWYER, IT QUALIFIES

11 2012Chap. 4, part 111 WHO THE WITNESS ON THE STAND IS DOESN’T MATTER EXAMPLE: OUT-OF-COURT STATEMENT BY CIVIL DEFENDANT PLAINTIFF’S LAWYER CAN INTRODUCE IT BY: 1.ASKING PLAINTIFF ABOUT IT 2.ASKING DEFENDANT ABOUT IT 3.ASKING A BYSTANDER ABOUT IT

12 2012Chap. 4, part 112 STATEMENT ADOPTED BY A PARTY [R 801(d)(2)(B)] –OFTEN VAGUE IN ITS OPERATION –COULD BE BY EXPLICITLY SAYING “THAT’S OUR VIEW” –COULD BE BY SILENCE WHEN AN OUTSIDER SAYS THAT’S OUR VIEW –COULD BE BY MERELY FILING AWAY THE STATEMENT ??

13 2012Chap. 4, part 113 VICARIOUS ADMISSIONS (INCLUDING ADMISSIONS OF ORGANIZATIONS) KEEP IN MIND WHO THE PARTIES ARE: –CRIMINAL CASE: STATE (OR U.S.); AND D –CIVIL CASE: PLAINTIFF AND DEFENDANT ONLY A PARTY’S OUT-OF-COURT STATEMENTS QUALIFY UNDER THE DEFINITIONAL EXCEPTION

14 2012Chap. 4, part 114 THE PARTY NEED NOT HAVE SAID IT DIRECTLY COULD BE BY AN EMPLOYEE COULD BE BY A CURRENT ACCOMPLICE ETC.

15 2012Chap. 4, part 115 OUT-OF-COURT STATEMENT BY AGENT OR SERVANT [R801(d)(2)(D)] AGENT: ONE EMPOWERED TO BIND ANOTHER (THE PRINCIPAL) IN CONTRACT SERVANT: AN EMPLOYEE –BY FAR THE MOST PROLIFIC SOURCE OF CORPORATE ADMISSIONS –ESP. INTERNAL DOCUMENTS

16 2012Chap. 4, part 116 AGENT AND SERVANT ADMISSIONS SHOULD BIND GOVERNMENTS AS WELL AS CORPORATIONS –BUT COURTS ARE RELUCTANT IN SOME GOVERNMENT CASES –THEY LIMIT “SERVANTS” TO LOCAL POLICE, ETC.

17 2012Chap. 4, part 117 THE PARTY NEED NOT HAVE AUTHORIZED THE DECLARANT TO SPEAK FOR HER STATEMENTS MADE BY EMPLOYEES ARE ADMISSIONS OF THE EMPLOYER IF THEY ARE JOB- RELATED THEY DO NOT HAVE TO BE AUTHORIZED

18 2012Chap. 4, part 118 IN A MULTIPLE-DEFENDANT OR MULTIPLE PLAINTIFF CASE: –THE STATEMENT OF AN EMPLOYEE IS AN ADMISSION OF THE EMPLOYEE [801(d)(2)(A)] –IT IS ALSO AN ADMISSION OF THE EMPLOYER [801(d)(2)(D)] SAME FOR CO-CONSPIRATORS, AGENTS, ETC.

19 2012Chap. 4, part 119 PROBLEMS/CASES STATE v. SMITH 4A MOTTA 4B 4D Hoosier (cont’d)

20 Doyle 4F Mahlandt 4H 2012Chap. 4, part 120

21 2012Chap. 4, part 121 OUT-OF-COURT STATEMENT CAN BE BY AN AUTHORIZED PERSON [R801(d)(2)(C)] INCLUDES, FOR EXAMPLE: –PARTY’S LAWYER -- E.G., IN A PLEADING OR MOTION PAPER –PRESS SPOKESPERSON

22 2012Chap. 4, part 122 OUT-OF-COURT STATEMENT OF A PARTY’S CO-CONSPIRATOR [R801(d)(2)(D)] TWO MAJOR CONSTRAINTS -- –STMT. WAS MADE DURING THE CONSPIRACY, i.e., NOT AFTER ARREST –STMT. WAS MADE IN FURTHERANCE OF THE CONSPIRACY


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