1. Units 29 and 28

2. We will look at four Phylum today Phylum Nematoda Phylum Arthropoda Phylum Echinodermata Phylum Chordata

3. Units 29 and 28 Phylum Echinodermata Distinguishing characteristics: 1. Pentamerous symmetry in adults 2. Hard endoskeleton - do not present cephalization 3. Water vascular system 4. All echinoderms are marine; none can live in fresh water or on land 5. Floating castles

4. Units 29 and 28 Phylum Echinodermata Water vascular system –locomotion, food / waste transportation,and respiration –a system of canals containing a circulating watery fluid that is used for movement of tentacles

5. Units 29 and 28 Phylum Echinodermata –Reproductive system - sexually mature at two to three years, depending on the species and environment - typically by external fertilization; eggs and sperm are freely discharged into the water

6. Units 29 and 28 Phylum Echinodermata Nervous system -Diffuse network of nerves and neurons Decentralized nervous system- - No known echinoderm contains anything that could be called a brain (interlacing)

7. Units 29 and 28 –Phylum Echinodermata –Circulatory systems Open circulatory system –no true heart or anything that more than merely resembles a circulatory system. –Water vascular system

8. Units 29 and 28 Phylum Echinodermata Respiratory system - not well-defined Digestive system – complete digestive system, varies according to diet

9. Phylum Echinodermata Many echinoderms have remarkable powers of regeneration Valuable clues as to the geological history of the environment Food source – sea cumbers and urchins Summer time!! Sea urchins, if not controlled by predators, may overgraze their habitat Crown of thorns starfish can wipe out up to 6 square meters of living reef in a single year http://www.youtube.com/watch?v= HG17TsgV_qI

10. Units 29 and 28 Today's Echinoderm Dissection –Starfish 20 minutes for dissection Use dissection in your lab book FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS EXACTLY

11. Units 29 and 28 Phylum Arthropoda – Arthropods There are five main characteristics all arthropods share. bilateral symmetry - the left and right sides of the arthropod body are mirror images of one another segmented body - the arthropod body is made-up of repeating units (pairs of legs, claws, or breathing structures) exoskeleton - provides protection, prevents water loss, and provides support jointed appendages - enable the arthropods to move their legs, mouthparts, and claws despite the fact that their body is covered by a rigid exoskeleton numerous pairs of limbs - arthropods have many pairs of legs

12. Units 29 and 28 By nearly any measure, the most successful animals on the planet are the arthropods The true number of living arthropod species is probably in the tens of million So……………………

13. Let’s talk about Crayfish……..( first)

14. Units 29 and 28 Phylum Arthropoda Reproductive system – varies crawfish -very similar to most mammals, with their reproductive organs being found in the thorax -male will deposit sperm inside the female

15. Units 29 and 28 Phylum Arthropoda Digestive system -Arthropods exhibit every type of feeding mode –Crawfish - consume food through the mouth's mandibles… stomach for grinding food and a gland for chemical processing

16. Units 29 and 28 Phylum Arthropoda Nervous system Typically consists of a dorsal brain and a ventral, longitudinal nerve cord “Latter like”

17. Units 29 and 28 –Phylum Arthropoda Circulatory systems usually posses an open circulatory system consisting of a dorsal heart and a system of arteries Crawfish - open circulatory system of the crayfish has no veins

18. Units 29 and 28 –Phylum Arthropoda –Respiratory system –varies –Crayfish a very unique way of breathing ( Molting ?)

19. Invertebrate Coelomates The true rock stars of Phylum: Arthropoda Featuring:

20. Remember the first day quiz…. 8.True or False Daddy Long legs are the most venomous spiders in the world. Scientific classification of spiders Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Arachnida Order: Araneae

21. Remember the first day quiz…. Scientific classification Kingdom: Animalia Phylum: Arthropoda Class: Arachnida Order: Opiliones cephalothorax separation Silk glands Venom glands

22. Brazilian Wandering

23. Units 29 and 28 Phylum Arthropoda –Circulatory systems – open –Heart contracts propels fluid, –fluid trickles through the tissues and back to the heart

24. Units 29 and 28 Phylum Arthropoda –Respiratory system - do not breath using lung –Digestive system – complete foregut, midgut, hindgut Nervous system brain 3 main nerve cords

25. Units 29 and 28 –Phylum Arthropoda – hardened exoskeleton that is periodically shed during growth

26. Units 29 and 28 Phylum Arthropoda – Grasshopper –A body divided into three parts

27. Units 29 and 28 -Reproductive system -varies Metamorphosis There are two types of metamorphosis-- incomplete and complete.

28. Units 29 and 28 Incomplete metamorphosis Complete metamorphosis incomplete complete

29. Units 29 and 28 GoodBad

30. Units 29 and 28 For today begin with: –Anatomy of a grasshopper –Complete this dissection in pairs

31. Units 29 and 28

32. Phylum Nematoda Ascaris giant intestinal/lung roundworms Human feces 200,000 X day

33. Units 29 and 28 Bloody sputum Cough Low-grade fever Vomiting worms Passing of worm in stool Gallstone formation Control of is based on drug treatment, improved sanitation and health education. Anthelmintic Drugs

34. Units 29 and 28 Phylum Nematoda Filarial worm – Obstruction of the lymphatic vessels – broad spectrum antibiotic combined with ivermectin

35. Units 29 and 28 –Phylum Nematoda Trichinella

36. Units 29 and 28 –Phylum Nematoda Trichinella –Trichinosis - fever, muscle soreness, pain and swelling around the eyes. –Chest pain may be experienced since the parasite may become imbedded in the diaphragm –Death –COOK FOOD PROPERLY

37. Units 29 and 28 –Phylum Nematoda –The threat of roundworm parasites infecting humans in developed countries is rising?????

38. Units 29 and 28 –Phylum Nematoda Nematodes have successfully adapted to nearly every ecosystem Heterohabditis Nematodes

39. Dissection Participation Checklist Earthworm 1. Surgeon__________________________________ 2. Head nurse_______________________________ 3. Reader___________________________________ 4. Scribe____________________________________ Squid 1. Surgeon__________________________________ 2. Head nurse_______________________________ 3. Reader___________________________________ 4. Scribe____________________________________ Clean up 1. Dissection disposal__________________________________ 2. Tray cleaning______________________________________ 3. Instrument cleaning__________________________________ 4. Bench cleaning_____________________________________ I agree that I stayed until this lab station was clean and ready for the next lab to attend. 1.__________________________________________________________ 2.__________________________________________________________ 3.__________________________________________________________ 4.__________________________________________________________ ++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++ Professor Felker’s comments: Dissect in this order: 1. Earthworm 2. Squid 3. Grasshopper