1. User Plane Roaming DNS Solution Page 1 DNS Solution User Plane Roaming LBS Roaming Meeting, San Francisco November 28, 2006 DNS Solution User Plane Roaming LBS Roaming Meeting, San Francisco November 28, 2006

2. User Plane Roaming DNS Solution Page 2 Trusted User Plane Roaming Trusted user plane roaming seems straightforward The roaming MS can simply connect with the V-PDE Call flow (IS-801-1) same for MS/V-PDE & MS/H-PDE However, there is an issue: MS is provisioned to access the H-PDE MS needs to access the V-PDE How does the roaming MS know the IP address of the V-PDE?

3. User Plane Roaming DNS Solution Page 3 High Level Solution Overview If the MS knows its own location… It can map its location to the appropriate V-PDE IP address PDSN IP address = 66.3.3.34 Visited Operator (Gotham Wireless) Where am I? Gotham Wireless Gotham Wireless PDE IP address = 66.3.3.34 V-PDE IS-801-1

4. User Plane Roaming DNS Solution Page 4 Determining Location CDMA networks broadcast values that identify themselves uniquely System Identification Code (SID) EV-DO SectorID Mobile Country Code + Mobile Network Code (MCC+MNC) MS has access to these broadcasted values MS needs only to map a broadcasted value to the IP address of the V-PDE

5. User Plane Roaming DNS Solution Page 5 Mapping Location to V-PDE IP Address SID/SectorID information broadcasted by CDMA networks changes over time MCC+MNC is constant, but many operators don’t broadcast these values Therefore, preferable to resolve mapping on a network server DNS solution: MS creates URL based on network broadcast information DNS is provisioned to return IP address of V-PDE for possible URLs

6. User Plane Roaming DNS Solution Page 6 DNS Solution Illustrated MS receives SID value from radio network MS creates SID-based URL (SID.Local.PDE) MS resolves URL to V-PDE IP address via DNS server MS accesses V-PDE PDSN IP address = 66.3.3.34 Visited Operator V-PDE DNS SID=10856 URL=10856.Local.PDE 10856.Local.PDE = 66.3.3.34 IS-801-1

7. User Plane Roaming DNS Solution Page 7 DNS Solution with Mobile IP or L2TP Roaming Internet Internet Home Operator RAN PDSN PCF Visited Operator PDSN/FA/LAC H-DNS Server HA/LNS V-PDE BSA V-DNS Server IS-801 signaling Network connection MIP/L2TP tunnel Many roaming implementations use Mobile IP or L2TP Industry direction is Mobile IP (CDG resolution) In these cases, data traffic is tunneled back to the home operator H-DNS server or V-DNS server might be used (inconsistent between implementations) MS accesses V-PDE from home operator (security issue?)

8. User Plane Roaming DNS Solution Page 8 V-PDE Port Issue Some LBS applications are configured to require PDE access via a unique port For the DNS solution, these applications will try and access the V-PDE via this unique port number The V-PDE must be configured to accept connections for roaming MS applications on these particular ports There could be ongoing operational requirements to reconfigure the V-PDE as new applications come on line

9. User Plane Roaming DNS Solution Page 9 Advantages of DNS Solution No PDE changes required Provisioning of DNS information is relatively minor If no MS changes required, then DNS solution is fastest to market

10. User Plane Roaming DNS Solution Page 10 Challenges with DNS Solution MS Behavior Can MS/application use network broadcast information to create URL? Need to verify with application/handset/chipset providers If new MS behavior is required: –Long delay in getting new MS behavior implemented –Issue with legacy mobiles Inconsistent MS access of DNS server (home vs. visited) In some roaming implementations, visited operator DNS accessed In some roaming implementations, home operator DNS accessed Need to coordinate population of DNS servers with MS DNS access behavior V-PDE Port Issue Could require significant coordination and configuration

11. User Plane Roaming DNS Solution Page 11 Challenges with DNS Solution (cont.) LBS and DNS server operational considerations LBS operations usually separate from DNS operations Requires significant coordination between two separate groups Security issues Operators must expose PDEs directly to roaming mobiles If Mobile IP or L2TP used, there are additional security issues –Must expose PDE to all mobiles serviced by home operator HA/LNS –This includes non-roaming mobiles in the home operator network No home operator awareness of V-PDE access No home operator logging possible Hinders any financial settlement process between operators

12. User Plane Roaming DNS Solution Page 12 Actions Items Control plane: L3 (Openwave), operators directly inter-connected?, RSP support of solution #2 (RSP in L3 call flow), full MSCID from RSP ok?, transport of L3 OPWV: gap analysis RLP/control plane, OPWV solution, official standards extension? Sprint to find analysis User Plane non-trusted: use control plane A/Is User Plane trusted: DNS solution: work offline, Qcom check SID lookup, operators free to pursue privates IP redirection: Iusacell to champion PDE interconnection solution: qcom, sprint, telus, = (RPC) transaction, BSA snipppets, IS-801 forwarding (USC = any interconnection scheme) New initiative: investigate settlement, retail billing, and transport (RSP/CRX) – QCOM to coordinate w/ syniverse, versign (both will work on this), aicent to be contacted