1. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com Web Accessibility for Print Illiteracy A11yPi alleppey

2. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com What is accessibility?

3. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com “Accessibility is a general term used to describe the degree to which a product, device, service, or environment is accessible by as many people as possible. Accessibility can be viewed as the 'ability to access' and possible benefit of some system or entity. Accessibility is often used to focus on people with disabilities and their right of access to entities, often through use of assistive technology.” [Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessibility] http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accessibility

4. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com “Web accessibility means that people with disabilities can perceive, understand, navigate, and interact with the Web, and that they can contribute to the Web. Web accessibility also benefits others, including older people with changing abilities due to aging.” [Web Accessibility Initiative: http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/accessibility.php] http://www.w3.org/WAI/intro/accessibility.php

5. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com Widening Accessibility

6. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com Print Illiteracy Sourced from: http://unstats.un.org/unsd/demographic/products/socind/literacy.htm

7. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com Print Impaired! Current focus is on people with disabilities Largest audience with accessibility issues are people who are print illiterate/impaired These are people who are not comfortable with text (i.e. reading and writing text) but who have good ears, eyes and cognition.

8. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com a11yPi A C C E S S I B I L I T y 11 P rint i lliterate A11yPi Pronounced as Alleppey Pronounced as Alleppey Alleppey is a name of an area in Kerala, India, where the land in backwater area is made accessible for agricultural and livelihood by building small dikes around the rice fields and thereby keep the salty sea water at a safe height!

9. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com Approaching Accessibility

10. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com Accessibility For Print Impaired Extending W3C guidelines to include Print Impaired peoples needs Semantic Web Community driven interpretations, re-narrations and dynamic renditions of content based on the level of print-impairment of the user and available relevant content Facilitative

11. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com Example Ayodhya Verdict

12. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com Ayodhya Verdict [8132 Pages] [Only in English] Inaccessible because i)it is a technical document ii)very lengthy iii)difficult to understand

13. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com Ayodhya Verdict [8132 Pages] [Only in English] A short summary of the verdict in a regional language by a lawyer Derivative 1 [D1] Derivative 2 [D2]  More Accessible i)Less Technical ii)Shorter Length iii)Easier to understand Solution: Users can manually link a document to other documents and say that D2 is a derivative work of D1. The link can be as specific as possible. E.g. in the in D2 is linked to the 3rd paragraph in D1. A subsequent search of Ayodhya verdict allows a plug-in to recommend D2, or use D2 during the rendering of D1 Manual linking works well e.g. Wikipedia

14. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com Example A joke on xkcd.com

15. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com Derivative 1 [D1] Derivative 2 [D2] http://www.csmonitor.com/Innovation/Horiz ons/2010/1015/Shibboleet-XKCD-s-clever- code-word-explained http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_shibbol eths Susan sends joke by email to friends Nadin – who also received the link from Susan, sends a mail to pointers that help clarify some of the connotations and implied meanings in that joke. A11yPi http://xkcd.com/806/ http://www.csmonitor.com/Innovation/ Horizons/2010/1015/Shibboleet-XKCD- s-clever-code-word-explained Derivative used by a browser plug-in

16. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com Structuring Content

17. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com Structuring Content Current Structure Web Page Embedded Links Structuring with A11yPi Semantic structure of document revealed through ‘nodes” Each node can be referable D2 This can then be picked up as a recommendation for a specific impairment/need/context profile of a user.

18. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com Existing Tools

19. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com "Google Sidewiki" Sidewiki appears to be community annotations.Google Sidewiki

20. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com Google translator, when translating an url, has a feature that allows one to provide for a better translation of any sentence on the translated page

21. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com TED videos lets people to provide sub-titles in other languages

22. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com Wikipedia has a feature that allows one to voice narrate a wiki page! - in addition to making translations in parallel language specific wikis.

23. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com All examples identify a sub-unit of a media- element in the page (e.g. Google translator and TED videos allow identification of a sentence in a page) What is the a11yPi protocol (that is akin to html for the web) that becomes the meta web which defines the replacement/alternative/accessible substitutions?

24. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com Jump to DemoDemo

25. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com Assume this element Has an ID A1C Assume this is an a11yPi conforming page Another site defines/embeds a derivative for this A1C with attributes that identify a specific context: (derivative A1C:lang- Hin,geo-loc:india-lko) 0 Anand who is from Lucknow and reads Hindi, using his chrome-extension a11yPi, goes to the original site and sees the video. He will see the video dynamically substitute the derivative work. 0

26. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com

27. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com markup for image as lang:kn and geo:karnataka Text as recommended for language kannada (lang:kn)

28. http://a11y.in Web Accessibility for Inclusion dinesh@servelots.com