1. What are the combined effects of global climate change and biological invasions on insect community structure?

2. Components of global change Habitat loss Elevated CO 2 Climate change Invasive species

3. Insects InvasionsElevated CO 2

4. Insects InvasionsElevated CO 2

5. What are the combined effects of elevated CO 2 & plant invasions on insect community structure?

9. 0 10 20 30 40 Elevated [CO2] (n=2)Ambient [CO2] (n=3) Insect richness t=-9.91, df=3, p=0.002

10. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 Elevated [CO2]Ambient [CO2] Insect abundance t=-2.61,df=2,p=0.12

11. Role of plant communities? 1.Plant quality? C:N ratios herbivory

12. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Box elder Goldenrod Blackberry Nepal grassHoneysuckle C:N ratio *

13. 0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 Herbivory (%) Box elderGoldenrod Blackberry Nepal grassHoneysuckle *

14. Role of plant communities? 1.Plant quality C:N ratios herbivory 2. Diversity

15. 0 2 4 6 8 10 12 Elevated [CO2]Ambient [CO2] Plant richness t=1.06,df=1.07,p=0.48

16. 0 10 20 30 40 50 05101520 Plant richness Insect richness Elevated Ambient

17. Role of plant communities? 1.Plant quality C:N ratios herbivory 2. Diversity 3. Invasives

19. 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 Elevated [CO2]Ambient [CO2] Honeysuckle cover (%) df=1,t=1.79,p=0.32

20. 0 10 20 30 40 50 020406080100 Honeysuckle cover (%) Insect richness R 2 =0.25, p=0.02

21. Insects InvasionsElevated CO 2