1. © The MITRE Corporation. Regina L. Tan, DVM, MS, DACVPM rtan@MITRE.org Sensing the Biological (And Making Sense of the Biological) This material has been cleared for public release, case number 08-1360

2. © The MITRE Corporation. What Is MITRE? n A Federally Funded Research and Development Center (FFRDC) n A unique organization that assists the U.S. government with scientific research and analysis and/or systems engineering and integration n A not-for-profit corporation, chartered to work solely in the public interest n Address long-term challenges of considerable complexity, analyze technical questions with a high degree of objectivity, and provide creative and cost- effective solutions to government problems 2 4/17/2015

3. © The MITRE Corporation. Agenda n What’s the Challenge? n Sensing the biological n Example H5N1 n The big picture: building the system n The bigger picture: The Biosecurity Enterprise n Quick summary This material has been cleared for public release, case number 08-1360

4. © The MITRE Corporation. The National Challenge Response/Clean-up Event Consequence Steady State Event T-Zero Detection of 1 st Indicator Anomaly and /or Event Detected Verification, Identification, Alert Investigation/Attribution, Targeted Prevention Implementation Grand Challenge Zero ∆T Biologic response without mitigation Emergency Planning and ResponseBiosecurity: Detection, Distinction, Prevention Planning Steady State Additional Indicators 1 st Indicator Biologic response with mitigation This material has been cleared for public release, case number 08-1360

5. © The MITRE Corporation. The Challenge Statement n Protect our Nation from intentional and unintentional biological threats to humans, animals, and infrastructure n United States as a system n Globalization of trade and biological threats n Tools at hand: 1.Information to characterize and identify targets and events that is produced by quantitative and qualitative analysis 2.Information derived from measurements of physical phenomena intrinsic to an object or event 5 This material has been cleared for public release, case number 08-1360

6. © The MITRE Corporation. The Challenge: Sensing the biological n Mother Nature and the ever-changing state of normal n Direct pathogen detection n Indirect pathogen detection n Prediction of pathogen spread n Comprehensive pathogen detection requires a management framework, integration capability, and science-based analysis n End goal: enable scientific decisions based on actual science (i.e. Making Sense of the Biological) 6 This material has been cleared for public release, case number 08-1360

7. © The MITRE Corporation. Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza H5N1 Example 7 This material has been cleared for public release, case number 08-1360

8. © The MITRE Corporation. Problem n Large-scale (e.g. international) outbreaks of zoonotic* disease may move and change by unknown mechanisms n End-to-end scientific analysis is difficult; large gaps exist across scientific data sources –Geographic areas –Human, wild, and domestic animal populations –Genetic, epidemiologic, contextual information –Different data collection standards and methods across sources n To fill datagaps, need to combine multiple, disjointed datasets from scientific and non-scientific data collection methods n To analyze combined data, need to combine multiple analytic disciplines n To visualize combined data, need to integrate multi-source data with time/space/net/statistical and decision-support views *diseases transmitted from animals to humans This material has been cleared for public release, case number 08-1360

9. © The MITRE Corporation. Bioscope Data Concept EVENT WHOWHATWHERE WHEN HOW Agricultural type ageracesex# cases# dead# slaughtered dead Disease Agent PROMED W.H.O.O.I.E. countryprovinceregion locationlatitude longitude Location of disease case Causal agent sub-district start date end date # suspectreport datesample date Time of disease case accessionStrain name Source of infection GENBANK onset date OTHER Animal tests positive 1 2 Set date Type of recordSet locationType of record species Animals affected human Unit type Report NumberClinical signs Risk factorsreason text Animal type MSC 3 7 6 W.C.S. serotype Category Description Attributes Data Source Attribute Preference Select One Field Required Multiple Values 2 This material has been cleared for public release, case number 08-1360

10. © The MITRE Corporation. event_idINTEGER  event_dateTIMESTAMP  date_sourceTEXT (64)  start_dateTIMESTAMP end_dateTIMESTAMP onset_dateTIMESTAMP report_dateTIMESTAMP sample_dateTIMESTAMP event_locTEXT (256)  loc_typeTEXT (64)  countryTEXT (256) provinceTEXT (256) regionTEXT (256) districtTEXT (256) locationTEXT (512) longitudeNUMBER latitudeNUMBER ag_typeTEXT (128) infection_srcTEXT (128) animal_typeTEXT (128) unit_typeTEXT (128) report_noTEXT (128) clinical_signsTEXT (1) textTEXT (1024) risk_factorsTEXT (1024) reasonTEXT (512) notesTEXT (2048) entered_byTEXT (256) entered_onDATE/TIME vetted_byTEXT (256) vetted_onDATE/TIME event source_idINTEGER  nameTEXT (64) source record_idINTEGER  species_idINTEGER  suspectedNUMBER reportedNUMBER deathsNUMBER slaughteredNUMBER case_count person_idINTEGER  ageNUMBER raceTEXT (128) sexTEXT (1) deceasedTEXT (1) person serotype_idINTEGER  species_idINTEGER  nameTEXT (64) descriptionTEXT (1024) serotype clade_idINTEGER  parent_idINTEGER  serotype_idINTEGER  nameTEXT (256) descriptionTEXT (1024) clade strain_idINTEGER  clade_idINTEGER  nameTEXT (256) pathTEXT(1) descriptionTEXT (1024) strain accession_idINTEGER  link_textTEXT (128) link_urlTEXT (1024) accession species_idINTEGER  nameTEXT (256) tax_kingdomTEXT (256) tax_phylumTEXT (256) tax_classTEXT (256) tax_orderTEXT (256) tax_familyTEXT (256) tax_genusTEXT (256) tax_speciesTEXT (256) species Bioscope Database Schema This material has been cleared for public release, case number 08-1360

11. © The MITRE Corporation. This material has been cleared for public release, case number 08-1360 Tied to event table with tie table which is not shown. Notes  Primary Key Maintained automatically by triggers which use sequence numbers  Foreign Key 1 – 1 relationship Tie Table 1 – many relationship  Maintained by triggers No manual entry required. Species may contain generic groupings without taxonomic information such as “Water Fowl” or “Domestic Avian” Bioscope Database Schema

12. © The MITRE Corporation. The Big Picture 12 This material has been cleared for public release, case number 08-1360

13. © 2008 The MITRE Corporation. All rights Reserved. The National Challenge Response/Clean-up Event Consequence Steady State Event T-Zero Detection of 1 st Indicator Anomaly and /or Event Detected Verification, Identification, Alert Investigation/Attribution, Targeted Prevention Implementation Grand Challenge Zero ∆T Biologic response without mitigation Emergency Planning and ResponseBiosecurity: Detection, Distinction, Prevention Planning Steady State Additional Indicators 1 st Indicator Biologic response with mitigation This material has been cleared for public release, case number 08-1360

14. © The MITRE Corporation. Challenge Vision and Mission n Integrate biosecurity stakeholders, research investments, and strategic thinking through the creation of an innovative, integrative, and relevant “system of systems.” n A situational awareness environment that enables 1) immediate detection and 2) immediate source distinction (natural versus intentional) of emergent biothreats. 14 Success Depends on Integration at Every Phase of the Challenge This material has been cleared for public release, case number 08-1360

15. © The MITRE Corporation. Biosecurity Challenge Problem Statement n Background: Comprehensive pathogen detection requires a management framework, integration capability, and science-based analysis. n Problem: No comprehensive pathogen detection system exists. n Solution: An end-to-end system that integrates sensors, information, scientific data, and organizations around biothreat detection and distinction. n Job: develop relevant, innovative, and integrative technologies that connect organizations across the end-to-end national enterprise. n Goal: End-to-end biosecurity system that informs and coordinates national security decisions. 15 This material has been cleared for public release, case number 08-1360

16. © The MITRE Corporation. Biosecurity Challenge Phases n Detection through integration –Sensors –Surveillance –Monitoring –Analysis –Organizations n Distinction –Data collection standards and standardizations –Information security and privacy issues –Sector norms and SOPs –Datasets –Libraries –Baselines 16 This material has been cleared for public release, case number 08-1360

17. © The MITRE Corporation. The Bigger Picture: The Biosecurity Enterprise 17 This material has been cleared for public release, case number 08-1360

18. © The MITRE Corporation. 18 This material has been cleared for public release, case number 08-1360

19. © The MITRE Corporation. This material has been cleared for public release, case number 08-1360

20. © The MITRE Corporation. Quick Summary n Sensing the biological must be done with respect to “normal” n “Normal” changes with Mother Nature n Persistent surveillance and understanding suggested n Provide technological support to enable responsible analysis n Provide responsible analysis for informed decision making and interagency coordination n Standardization required to make sense of multitude of biological surveillance systems 20 This material has been cleared for public release, case number 08-1360

21. © The MITRE Corporation. THANK YOU 21 4/17/2015