1. Technology Options and HPMPs Montreal Protocol and Chemicals Unit UNDP

2. 1 Technology Choice  MOP Decision XIX/6 (2007): encourages Parties to promote the selection of alternatives to HCFCs that minimise environmental impacts, in particular impacts on climate, as well as meeting other health, safety and economic considerations.

3. 2 Technology Options: PU Foam  Wide list of alternatives  Hydrocarbons  HFCs  H2O  CO2  Methylal  Methyl Formate  Emergent technologies: unsaturated HFCs (HFOs);

4. 3 Polyurethane (PU) Foam Sector  PU market is facing external demand from consumers looking for “greener products” ( i.e.: blowing agents that are not HCFC-based and with the lowest GWP possible );  ExCom’s decision to phase-out high-ODP HCFCs first, but need to consider  Size of PU Industry (HCFC consumption);  Low-GWP alternatives commercially and technically available within the country for the specific PU applications.  Demonstration/Pilot Projects

5. 4 Technology Options: Demonstration Projects Foam Sector – Brazil and Mexico Pilot project for validation of Methyl Formate in PU- Foam Applications  Approved at 56 th ExCom in November 2008  The objective is to develop, optimize and validate the use of methyl formate as a blowing agent in PU applications  Brazil: 14 applications  Mexico: 1 application (shoesoles)

6. 5 Technology Options: Demonstration Projects Foam Sector – Brazil and Mexico Status as of today:  Final report presented to 62 nd ExCom.  Alternative for SMEs  Some issues with flammability at system house level.  Availability depending on the national context.  Acid proofing of equipment is needed.  Not suitable for Domestic Refrigeration  Included as one of the alternatives in approved MLF projects for Mexico, Brazil, Jamaica, TT, Cameroon, etc.

7. 6 Technology Options: Demonstration Projects Foam Sector – Brazil Pilot project for validation of Methylal in PU- Foam Applications  Approved at 58 th ExCom in July 2009  The objective is to develop, optimize and validate the use of methylal as a blowing agent in PU applications  Brazil: 14 applications  Mexico: 1 application (shoesoles)

8. 7 Technology Options: Demonstration Projects Foam Sector – Brazil Status as of today:  interim report to be presented to 65 th ExCom.  Preliminary results look promising.  Issues with flammability.  Emission study needs to be finalized.  Project to be completed by the end of 2011.

9. 8 Technology Options: Demonstration Projects Foam Sector - Egypt  Low Cost Options for the Use of HC as Foaming Agent in the Manufacture of PU Foam  Approved at 58 th ExCom in July 2009  The objective of this project is to develop, optimize, and disseminate low-cost systems for the use of hydrocarbons in the manufacture of PU rigid insulation and integral skin foams.

10. 9 Technology Options: Demonstration Projects Foam Sector - Egypt Status as of today:  Tests with direct injection and preblended polyols have been carried out.  An interim report summarizing achievements and deficiencies was formulated;  Need for additional optimization of HC blends to reach commercial shelf lives.  The final draft report is expected to be ready by end of 2011.”

11. 10 Technology Options: Demonstration Projects XPS Foam Sector – China Demonstration project for conversion from HCFC-22 / HCFC-142b technology to CO2 with methyl formate co- blowing technology in the manufacture of extruded polystyrene foam at Feininger (Nanjing)  Approved at 64 th ExCom in July 2011 Status as of today:  To be completed by mid-2013

12. 11 Technology Options: Demonstration Projects XPS Foam Sector – Turkey Validation of the use of HFO-1234ze as Blowing Agent in the Manufacture of Extruded Polystyrene Foam Boardstock.  Approved at 60 th ExCom in April 2010  Once completed, the technology is expected to contribute to availability of cost-effective options to implement HCFC phase-out in extruded polystyrene boardstock.

13. 12 Technology Options: Demonstration Projects XPS Foam Sector - Turkey Status as of today:  Production tests have been done with supplied chemical in February 2011.  Technical visits took place for the trials and discussion of results and foam properties.  The next round of trials will be arranged in January 2012.  An updated interim report will be provided after the trials and foam property tests have been completed in 2012.

14. 13 Demonstration Projects in Solvents UNDP is implementing one demonstration project in China  Iso-paraffin and siloxane (KC-6) for cleaning in the manufacture of medical devices.  Approved at 64 th ExCom in July 2011  To be completed by mid-2013.

15. 14 HPMPs with RAC Components  Countries with low HCFC141b consumption or technology selection challenges had to prioritize the RAC manufacturing sector to meet their phase-out targets (2013-2015);  In this case, countries may face opportunities and also constrains to cope with the RAC sector challenges to phase-out the HCFC-22;

16. 15 RAC Sector: Technology Selection  Perfect solution for HCFC-22 replacement difficult  Selection of HCFCs alternatives involve commitments and balanced analysis. Factors to look include:  cost, availability, health, environment, performance and safety.  In relation to performance and safety, we believe that if there are significant energy savings(a product with higher EE), the industry itself will find solutions for safety issues in a satisfactory form.

17. 16 RAC Technology Options  Hydrocarbons, NH3, CO2 and HFCs.  HFC-32 and HFOs(emerging) may have initial commercial restrictions, such as:  Production and availability, including of components (compressors valves, heat exchangers, etc).  Patents/licenses  In the end, the Industry and their clients will lead the technology choice/ according to the country’s reality.  Demonstration Projects

18. 17 Demonstration Projects in RAC UNDP is implementing demonstration projects in China RAC  Ammonia/CO2 in the manufacture of two-stage refrigeration systems for cold storage and freezing applications at Yantai  HFC-32 in the manufacture of commercial air-source chillers/heat pumps at Tong Fang;  Approved at 60 th ExCom  To be completed by Mid- 2012

19. 18 Concern  Expansion/relocation of plants for High-GWP HFC-based products in A5 countries with rapid growth of servicing tail.  The climate benefits obtained from the conversion of the Foam Sector (HCFC-141b phase-out) may be potentially overcome by the introduction of higher-GWP alternatives in AC sector.

20. 19 Important to have in mind…  The reduction in the HCFC-22 consumption in developing countries, without a clear legal/technological positioning, may result in adverse impacts to the climate regime;  e.g.: if the developing countries forbid the HCFC-22 based units (production and imports), the “automatic” alternative for AC would be HFC-410A… HCFC-22 (GWP: 1,810) ----- HFC-410A (GWP: 2,088) * IPCC 4 th Assessment Report

21. 20 Technology Options: RAC Servicing The RAC Servicing should be carefully analyzed:  Growing use of HCFC and HFC blends (with higher GWP than HCFC-22) for retrofit purposes;  Future demand on HCFCs and HFCs to service units being produced now;  Training of technicians to handle different HCFC-alternatives characteristics:  Low, Mild and High flammability;  Toxicity;  High and super-critical pressures  Recovery, Recycling and Reuse (RRR) including the safe storage and final disposal of alternatives

22. 21 UNDP focusing on…  Strengthening Regional and Country Teams to give support to A-5 countries;  Adopting new modalities of project implementation to have faster delivery to meet 2015 obligations:  Performance Based Contracts and Letters of Agreements  Auditing and in situ verifications to ensure reductions were met;  Project Steering Committees to guarantee activities are being implemented in a sound way.  Increasing A-5 access to expertise in all key sectors;

23. 22 UNDP focusing on( cont)…  Supporting the dissemination of information about lower GWP alternatives;  Implementing Pilot and Demonstration Projects to assess recently developed technologies that maximize climate benefits;  Identifying and mobilizing multilateral and bilateral finance and co-finance from multiple sources to support A-5 countries;

24. 23 THANK YOU! Comments, suggestions and questions are welcome! http://www.undp.org/chemicals/montrealprotocol.htm kasper.koefoed@undp.org