1. ASNE Day 2011 Joe Famme Bryan Price Ted Raitch Jim Davison February 10, 2011 r10 ASNE Day 20111

2. C2 to the Tactical Edge Joe Famme Bryan Price Ted Raitch Jim Davison ASNE February 10, 2011 ASNE Day 2011 2 C2

3. US National Maritime Domain Awareness Maritime Domain Awareness Coordination Office Data Share Community of Interest NORTHERN Command Navy MDA USCG MDA DHS/DOT MDA NIMS / ICS MDA ASNE Day 2011 3 http://www.gmsa.gov/twiki/bin/view www.gmsa.gov www.gmsa.gov/references/071213mdaconops.pdf NIMS: National Incident Management System ICS: Incident Command Systems Civil Response C2 (terror attack, oil spills, hurricanes, Fires etc.

4. Maritime Domain Dominance The Classical Naval Control of the sea, coastlines and choke points: SHIPS OF THE LINE Amphibious “From the Sea” Coastal, Riverine and Brown Water Evolving threats for Ship’s boats & RHIBS “beyond the hull” Local administration, rescue & security, major ecological disasters (oil spills) to … Assuming combatant craft roles? Maritime Rescue, anti-Piracy … recapture pirated ships / hostages … illegal arms / trade and narco-terroism … insert SOF … border security ASNE Day 2011 4

5. High Stakes = Positive Control Threats beyond the hull are increasingly capable and violent Legal implications are often international Exact time, location and maneuvers must be documented Safety at sea in darkness and rough seas where boats cannot be tracked visually / must approach target craft without navigation lights Positive Control of own boats and RHIBS is recommended, ergo : C2 to the Tactical Edge ASNE Day 2011 5

6. C2 for Tactical Response Beyond the Hull Anti-pirates, terror, drugs, illegal trade … border & port security Hazardous navigation, darkness & high sea states… International law / legal implications – often violent encounters Where is the boat? Condition? Execute Tactical Exchange ASNE Day 2011 6

7. The Tactical Edge That location where responsible personnel with the correct preparation, including updates in route, arrive and gain understanding of the assistance needed or the threat, continuously exchanging their situation with their control ship via direct or C2 relay via other ships, & air to achieve an immediate and appropriate response with force as needed. The C2 requirement is for an affordable capability that is flexible, adaptive and agile, and interoperable with U.S. and allied coalition forces. ASNE Day 2011 7

8. Table 2. Ship’s Boats Positive Control Missions ScenarioMissions Comm. Clear Comm. Secure Positive Location Public Positive Location Secure GPSECDIS Radar Picture from Ship Radar Picture From Boat Status of Boat Secure 1 Anti-drug x Xxxxxx 2 Anti-Piracy x Xxxxxx 3 Border Security x Xxxxxx 4 Anti- Terrorism x Xxxxxx 5 Port Defense x Xxxxxx 6 Insert SOF x Xxxxxx 7 Human Rescue X X xxxx 8 Dark - Hazardous Navigation x X xxxxx 9 High Sea State x X xxxxx AIS Support C2? Yes Option Yes ASNE Day 2011 8

9. Two Categories of Boats Category 1 Combatant Boats and Craft Joint Capability Integration & Development System – JCIDS analysis determined “combatant” = C2 Required GCCS-J / GCCS-M … GIG … Joint Tactical Radio System - JTRS Amphibious Assault Direction Systems - AADS Command, Control, Communication & Computer System - C4N Blue Force Tracking Category 2 General Purpose Boats and Craft A compass, radio and binoculars and a JO with a.45 ASNE Day 2011 9

10. 10 Cat 1 Craft C2 (SPAWAR) to the “Last Tactical Mile ”

11. RADIO RELAY GROUP RRG Airborne Relay USER TERMINAL GROUP UTG – LCAC/LCU Provides PLI AMPHIBIOUS COMMAND GROUP ACG Controls EPLRS Net SECONDARY CONTROL GROUP SCG Backup to PCG Dynamic Reference Unit PRIMARY CONTROL GROUP PCG Directs Ship-to-Shore Movement Mission Changes Dynamic Reference Unit Description Amphibious Assault Direction System, AN/KSQ-1 with Enhanced Position Location Reporting System (EPLRS), integrates the NAVSTAR Global Positioning System (GPS) to form a jam / intercept resistant, friendly force tracking and command and control system that supports the surface assault ship-to-shore movement in amphibious operations Provides Capability to Launch, Monitor, Track and Control Surface or Combined Surface and Air Amphibious Assaults up to 100 NM OTH Seamless Integration with USMC S-T-O-M Perform OTH Operations Integration with GCCS-M Sub-Systems AN/KSQ-1 EPLRS Cat 1 C2 Amphibious Assault Direction System - AADS Programmatic ACAT III ORD Signed (Requirement)May 89 MS IIIDec 95 OPEVALApr 95 IOCMar 97 FSTR Strategy ApprovedJul 02 ASNE Day 2011 11

12. FlatPanelDisplays UniversalKeyboard FullyIntegratedElectronicsSuite Post SLEP Pre SLEP Introduces: Open Architecture Modern COTS Equipment Provides: Precision Navigation Common Tactical Picture Comm Suite Interoperability Upgrades: LN-66 to P-80 Radar KSQ-1 to EPLRS LCAC COCKPIT UPGRADE - C4N REPLACEMENT ASNE Day 2011 12

13. USGC NAIS CONOPS Summary ASNE Day 2011 13 1 HAEUAV Wide Area Surveillance 2 MPA Prosecution 3 NSC Interoperability 4 Multi Asset Operation 5 Over-the-Horizon Operations 6 Shore-based Command Center

14. AIS is International Gibraltar ASNE Day 2011 14 http://www.marinetraffic.com/ais/#

15. AIS comes to the Navy * AIS significantly increases the ability of the Navy and allied nations to distinguish between normal and suspicious merchant ships headed toward U.S. and allied ports. Navy warships using AIS have observed dramatic increases in situational awareness, ship safety and intelligence gathering. 2005 Navy deemed AIS an urgent capability / began fielding of stand­ alone AIS on all warships by fiscal 2006 Integrated AIS with GCCS-M in 2007 - ­2011. AIS was granted Rapid Deployment Capability authority in January 2006 and transitioned to a program of record in 2008. The supporting C2 architecture for this paper describes an ad hoc C2 capability for ship’s boats and RHIBS that has been officially put in place ASNE Day 2011 15 * Excerpt form Navy League, SEAPOWER Almanac 2011, p.93

16. AIS Characteristics AIS is a commercially available shipboard broad­cast VHF maritime band transponder system that can transmit ship information, including navigation, identification and cargo. AIS is mandated by the International Maritime Organization for all merchant vessels over 300 tons. (Warships are exempt, but may …) Transponders incorporate GPS locating and can support 2 channel, 2-way VHF data communication, clear or secure with other ships ASNE Day 2011 16

17. DOD Policy: New IT / C2 Capability Without Risk NAVSEA guidance for new IT & C2 Systems.* Link 16 is currently BW Limited New systems must be mature (TLR 8 or 9) “State of the Shelf” Therefore what C2 systems are available ? Which C2 base to use for ship’s boats & RHIBS ? CAT 1 : GCCS Family of Systems ? Cat 2 : AIS based C2 capabilities ? ASNE Day 2011 17 * AFCEA Conference 22 Oct 10, Pentagon City Recommend AIS Based Small Boat C2 : Discussion

18. AIS C2 CONOPS Extended to Ship’s Boats ASNE Day 2011 18 Add AIS C2 to Own Cat 2 Boats and RHIBS such that every Navy and USCG ship has potential for It’s own Ad Hoc AIS based C2 Network

19. Status of AIS based C2 for Small Boats / RHIBS International Development and use of AIS based C2 for the missions described in Table 2, Small Boat Positive Control Missions Canadian Navy Pacific and Atlantic Security C2 Operations Royal Navy Coastal / Fisheries Republic of Korea Dual Use ASNE Day 2011 19

20. Canadian AIS Based C2 for Small Boats Mission Requirement: protect two high value cruise ships used to house thousands of Winter Olympic officials, staff and guests: Operation Podium Solution: AIS based C2 using commercially available adapted C2 Electronic (ECDIS) charting systems at two Operations Centers with compatible units installed in 15 RHIB boats for positive two-way secure tactical C2 Mission Requirement: Security for 2010 International Fleet Reviews in Esquimalt, BC, and Halifax, NS. Solution: AIS based C2 Secure Operations 12 RHIBS. ASNE Day 2011 20

21. Canadian Operations Vancouver Olympics * Esquimalt 2010 ASNE Day 2011 21

22. Royal Navy Deploying RHIB from HMS Mersey (River Class OPV) RHIB augments offshore patrols … able to navigate small rivers and winding marsh land tributaries to objectives unreachable by ships Maintain 2-way secure C2 ASNE Day 2011 22

23. Republic of Korea Wing-in-Ground Effect Aircraft Mainland – Inter Island Transport Dual Use with SOF Co-Pilot IMO ECDIS Display Pilot IMO “Tactical” Display plus normal flight instruments and controls ASNE Day 2011 23

24. Shipboard & Shore AIS Installations Options ASNE Day 2011 24 Systems Integration to Sensors & Combat Systems

25. ECDIS with AIS & Radar Displays ASNE Day 2011 25

26. Boat / RHIB Displays: ECDIS – AIS – (Radar Optional) ASNE Day 2011 26

27. Shore & RHIB AIS C2 Installation ASNE Day 2011 27

28. Boat / RHIB Asset Control Technology ASNE Day 2011 28

29. Boat / RHIB Installation Antennas for VHF, AIS/GPS, Flux Gate Heading; Electronics enclosure; 12” ECDIS display with dynamic tactical overlays; Ergonomic 3-button/thumb stick for dynamic vectors to communicate course to steer. Add Radar plot if radar available on boat / RHIB. ASNE Day 2011 29

30. Additional Military Layers (AMLs) ASNE Day 201130 AMLs Prepared by National Hydrographic Offices

31. Additional Military Layers (AMLs) ASNE Day 201131 AMLs Prepared by National Hydrographic Offices

32. Additional Military Layers (AMLs) ASNE Day 2011 32 AMLs Prepared by National Hydrographic Offices

33. AML Details ASNE Day 2011 33

34. AMLs Additional Detail ASNE Day 2011 34

35. Boat – RHIB Displays C2 Elements exchanged with Control Ship: Clear or Secure Text messaging Status of Boat Machinery Radar Ship &/or Boat Spoof Contacts Vectors Operational Boundaries ASNE Day 2011 35

36. Boat & RHIB C2 to the Tactical Edge Example Boat / RHIB Scenarios ASNE Day 2011 36

37. Control Ship or Station Display RHIB Patrolling in safe waters Coast Guard Control ship Aviation Unit (Helicopter) on Patrol ASNE Day 201137

38. RHIB Display RHIB#1 is tasked with AIS contact of interest (COI). RHIB highlights the COI with double Green Circles An Electronic Bearing Line (EBL) connects the RHIB to the COI. RHIB coxswain will steer along EBL to intercept target.

39. RHIB turns to intercept the contact of Interest

40. Control Ship has sent a Contact of Interest message to RHIB #2 RHIB #2 is already proceeding on an intercept course. This Intercept course will take RHIB through disputed waters. Control ship must alert RHIB to avoid area.

41. RHIB#2 is proceeding to intercept COI. The RHIB’s display shows the COI with Highlight circle and EBL RHIB is steering intercept course. RHIB display does not show area to be avoided.

42. Control ship advises RHIB#2 to come about immediately via text message. Danger area is presented at same time to reinforce urgency and to provide the “whole picture”. RHIB #2 has information required to make safe choice.

43. RHIB has turned away from disputed area – Incident avoided!

44. RHIB#2 assigned a new COI

45. RHIB #1 is arriving alongside contact of interest HELO orbiting on station RHIB #2 is proceeding to intercept Coast Guard Ship has come about.

46. RHIB#1 reports status to Control ship over secure link

47. Summary Command is most effective when C2 is maintained via realtime interaction with the units “in the fight” / “at the Edge: AIS based C2 “networks” planned or “ad hoc” for small boats is Commercial Off the Shelf – TLR 8-9 Links to Control Ships and Command Centers C2 communications are clear & secure AIS and Radar can be correlated Tactical Spoofs are possible Interoperable with all US & Allied AIS & ECDIS capabilities ASNE Day 2011 47 C2 to the Tactical Edge

48. Joe Famme Bryan Price Ted Raitch Jim Davison ASNE February 10, 2011 ASNE Day 2011 48 AIS

49. Fair Winds and Following Seas! ASNE Day 2011 49 CDR Joseph Famme, USN (ret) Lt Brian Price Canadian Navy Mr. Ted Raitch (former USAF) Lt Cdr. Jim Davison Royal Navy (ret) C2 to the Tactical Edge

50. Backup Slides ASNE Day 201150

51. AADS / BLUE FORCE TRACKER / FORCENET

52. ASNE Day 2011 52 DoD - Blue Force Tracker http://www.defenseindustrydaily.c om/drs-gets-396m-order-for-blue- force-tracker-computers-02353/ http://www.defenseindustrydaily.c om/drs-gets-396m-order-for-blue- force-tracker-computers-02353/ In June 2006, DRS Tactical Systems unit in Melbourne, FL announced a multi-year $396 million indefinite-delivery/ indefinite- quantity contract to provide rugged Appliqué Computer Systems and peripheral equipment for the U.S. Army’s Force XXI Battle Command, Brigade and Below (FBCB2 – and see video) program Force XXI Battle Command, Brigade and Below see video

53. FlatPanelDisplays UniversalKeyboard FullyIntegratedElectronicsSuite Post SLEP Pre SLEP Introduces: Open Architecture Modern COTS Equipment Provides: Precision Navigation Common Tactical Picture Comm Suite Interoperability Upgrades: LN-66 to P-80 Radar KSQ-1 to EPLRS COCKPIT UPGRADE - C4N REPLACEMENT ASNE Day 2011 53

54. NECC ASNE Day 201154