1. QoS in 4G Networks: Daidalos Case Study Antonio CUEVAS CASADO Jose Ignacio MORENO NOVELLA {acuevas,jmoreno}@it.uc3m.es Universidad Carlos III de Madrid Dpto. de Ingeniería Telemática www.it.uc3m.es/acuevas/QoSin4GnetworksDaidalosCaseStudy.html

2. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 2 Presentation outline u Introduction, talk rationale u Daidalos and Moby Dick 4G IST Projects u QoS Architecture and Provision in Daidalos  IP QoS and integration with access QoS  Interdomain QoS  Multicast & broadcast technology support u QoS Related Mechanisms in Daidalos u Conclusion & References

3. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 3 Introduction, talk rationale u Much work in IP and access technologies QoS (IETF, IEEE, 3GPP) u Do these solutions fit in 4G networks? u We will try to address this question in this talk using Daidalos project as a case study u Problem: integrate QoS with other 4G aspects (e.g. AAA, mobility, …). This is far from being resolved:  Some mechanisms from different aspects may pose several burdens to others  Some functionalities from different aspects may overlap

4. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 4 Introduction, existing QoS solutions for IP and access networks u IETF IP QoS Solutions  IntServ: reservation for each flow all allong the e2e path, use of RSVP  DiffServ: per aggregate handling in the core, access control in the edges (may be per flow)  COPS, NSIS u IEEE: 802.11e WLAN (HCCA and EDCA); 802.16 WiMax (scheduling services), 802.15 Blue Tooth (selection of bearer -ACL, SCO, ASB, …- and its parameters) u 3GPP: Classes (Streaming, conversational, …)

5. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 5 Introduction, basis of 4G networks u 4G Concept: u They are a pure IP(v6) network, not a 3G network with an IP overlay (in 3G the whole 3G network is an IP single hop) u 2G and 3G functionalities provided by Internet mechanisms: e.g. User control and tarification=>IRTF AAA ARCH, DIAMETER. Mobility=> MIP and FHO-MIP, etc. u Multiple access technologies directly integrated into the IPv6 core

6. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 6 Daidalos and Moby Dick 4G IST Projects http://www.ist-mobydick.org http://www.ist-daidalos.org

7. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 7 Daidalos u Daidalos IST project designs a 4G network with many features and services integrated u IP Project, 45 partners, 5 WPs u Implementation just started; performance test not yet done u Some aspects still under definition or left for Daidalos phase II u It is a follow up of Moby Dick IST Project u Moby Dick was implemented and tested

8. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 8 Internet Access networks with all the possible techs Daidalos functionality Network operator centric Transport Service with QoS, mobility, AAA, paging ≈ Moby Dick Multimedia Service (SIP) Advanced Services: CA, multicast, location, service discovery Service Provisioning Platform Interface Pervasive Service Platform Applications offered by the network operator (e-mail video streaming,…) Applications offered by providers with agreements with the network operator (e-mail video streaming,…)

9. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 9 Daidalos IPv6 Network Internet Any Access Technology A Daidalos Network

10. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 10 Core Network (CN) AN Access Network (AN) Internet Any Access Technology QoS Architecture and network split QoSB QoSBroker QoSManager RSVP++

11. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 11 Daidalos IPv6 Network AN Internet Any Access Technology AAA architecture AAA PANA- DIAMETER PANA Diameter+DIA-MIPv6 application MN-AR IPSEC Tunnel: User Packet’s Source Address

12. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 12 Daidalos IPv6 Network AN Internet Any Access Technology SIP Architecture SIP SIP-UA SIP Two levels SIP proxies ≈ IMS They interact with AAA and QoSBs

13. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 13 Daidalos IPv6 Network AN Internet Any Access Technology Monitoring Architecture Collector Network Monitor Collector distributes the data to the interested entities (AAA, QoSBs)

14. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 14 Daidalos IPv6 Network AN Access Network (AN) Internet Any Access Technology MIP+FHO Architecture FHO FHO+MIP HA

15. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 15 QoS Architecture and Provision in Daidalos

16. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 16 QoS Provision: Segmentation and hierarchy u Goal (classical) e2e QoS with no scalability concerns u QoSBs get measures from Central Monitor and “reservation status” from other QoSBs u ANQoSBs maintain status from all the flows in their AN and of aggregates to other domains u ANQoSBs configure (flow level) the routers in their AN. If needed, they can ask the CNQoSB to reconfigure aggregates in the core. u CNQoSB can also, by itself, based on measures, reconfigure aggregates in its domain

17. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 17 AN Internet Access Technology (AT) AN QoSB Resource reservation (per flow) Access Technolog y In this process CNQoSB is normally not contacted and CN routers not reconfigured (DiffServ PHB for aggregates) ANQoSB configures AN routers in a DiffServ and InterServ way: i.e. per flow or per aggregate PHB + shapers and policers Trigger (see session setup)

18. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 18 AN Internet Access Technology (AT) AN QoSB What happens with the AT? Access Technolog y

19. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 19 AL ALdriver 802.11e MT1 AL ALdriver 802.11e AP AL AR ARM (QoS_Manager) AL ALdriver 802.11e MT2 WLAN Ethernet QoS Broker AL: Access Technology and IP QoS integration (WLAN example) @ MT: Receive notifications to Establish connections  Start marking a new flow Deactivate connections  Stop marking flow @ AR: used -when QoSM receives an order from the QoSB- to (de)Activate QoS-enabled virtual connections between AR and MN. Packet’s Flow Label must have connection identifier returned by the QoSAL Abstraction Layer (AL) hides the particularities of the technologies

20. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 20 Other aspects u Concatenation of Different Access Technologies u Integration of MANETS. Based on SWAN with BW probing and renegotiation u Integration in QoSBroker allows forcing MNs to do a FHO to other ARs or APs to assure the QoS

21. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 21 Interdomain QoS u Static DiffServ not enough u SLA between neighbouring domains, specifying traffic limits to each other neighbouring domain (per class i.e. aggregate): ingress point, egress point, service class. Service class is well known (universal) u BGP extension propagates QoS information between domains. u CN QoS Brokers speak iBGP to receive QoS routing information u CN QoS Brokers may reconfigure their core to assure SLSs u QoS info propagated to AN QoS Brokers

22. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 22 Multicast + Broadcast techs. support u Multicast: routers listen to PIN JOIN and outsource decision to ANQoSB u ANQoSBs also know “rendez-vous” points u Multi domain multicast under study u Interaction with Content Adaptation Nodes under study u Broadcast: IP over IP tunnel in AR employed to build the return channel in DVB=> creates a virtual interface u Multi homing under study

23. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 23 QoS Related Processes

24. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 24 AN Internet Access Technolgy QoSB Session setup. QoS aspects (1) SIP SIP Proxy contacts the QoSB

25. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 25 AN Internet Access Technolgy QoSB Session setup. QoS aspects (2) SIP The MN issues RSVP request which is interpreted by the ARM who contacts the QoSB

26. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 26 AN Internet Access Technolgy QoSB Session setup. QoS aspects (3) SIP The ARM inspects the SIP message and deduces the QoS parameters for the media flows and requests the QoSB to configure the network

27. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 27 Local domain ANQoS Broker Access Router Diameter Messages COPS “RSVP” URP 8 NVUP 4 ARegAns 2 ARegReq 1 ARegReq AAA.l Server 5 ARA Home domai n 6B6B AAA.h Server AAA registration + QoS transport service request NVUP is sent to ANQoSB to allow it taking authorization decisions NOTE: Next is MIPv6 Reg: BU to HA

28. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 28 FHO preparation detail: QoS context transfer QoS Broker FHO FHO INI +AAA Context FHO ACK QoS Context QoS context is the shaping filters installed in oAR If AN changes, QoS context is transferred from oQoSB to nQoSB new Access Router Old Access Router

29. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 29 Conclusions u Daidalos used IETF and IEEE QoS provision mechanisms u BUT many enhancements where needed: u we needed to design an interaction between them u A tradeoff between e2e deterministic and probabilistic QoS needed to be designed u QoS system had to be integrated with other systems (FHO, AAA)

30. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 30 References u A. Cuevas et al.: “Field Evaluation of a 4G “True- IP” network” IST Summit 2004, Lyon u S. Sargento et al.: “End-to-end QoS Architecture for 4G scenarios” IST Summit 2005, Dresden u A. Kassler et al.: “Integration of Ad Hoc Networks with Infraestructure Networks – a QoS Perspective”. SCANDIC Ad-Hoc Workshop 2005 u IST Moby Dick www.ist-mobydick.orgwww.ist-mobydick.org u IST Daidalos www.ist-daidalos.orgwww.ist-daidalos.org

31. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 31 Questions and discussion Thanks for your attention The IP Daidalos Consortium Telco Operators Industry, SME Research labs, academia

32. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 32 Back up slides

33. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 33 Basis of 4G networks: summary picture 3G vs. 4G IPv6 Network Internet Any Access Technology Node BRNCSGSN GGSN HLR Internet IP

34. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 34 FHO new Access Router Old Access Router 1.FHO request 2.Bicasting starts. FHO prepared 3.Do FHO 4.L2/L1 change 5.Binding Updates to HA and CNs sent

35. Easy Wireless & MAGELLAN, VTT, Finland, 2005 35 Other scenarios supported: QoS for Integrated MANETs u Our approach based on SWAN u Bandwidth Probing  Each MN updates Bottleneck Bandwith with minimum available in corresponding class (DSCP)  RB=Requested Bandwidth  Requires layer-2 bandwidth estimation  Access Router checks for resources in infrastructure and translates to external signalling Performs correct QoS mapping togeter with 802.16 BS u Renegotiation  Access Router monitors ECN  Sends to source Regulate message