1. Protecting the Environment Green Additives for the Coatings Industry
David Torocsik – Borchers OM Group

2. Content Environment in the 21st century reasons for being Green
Definitions of Being Green
“Green” Solutions to Being Environmentally Friendly
Raw Materials from Nature as Building Blocks
Environmentally Friendly Alternatives to Hazardous Chemicals
Conclusion
To the content

3. Environment in the 21st Century- Good Reason for Being Green
Europian heat wave 2003 Pakistan floods 2010
Katrina 2005
Pictures source: Wikipedia

4. Several Definitions of “Green” Products
Low or No VOC’s
Bio-based AND Non-hazardous
The product contains a high percentage of bio-based components either as supplied, or 100% of the active substance is bio-based

5. How to Become More Environmentally Friendly?
Use more Renewable or Sustainable Non-Hazardous raw materials
Reduce VOC Content by making Higher Solids formulations
Convert our Solventborne formulations to Waterborne with Equivalent Properties
Product Stewardship – Cradle to Grave Awareness
Recycle and Rework Paint Waste whenever possible

6. Use More Raw Materials from Nature as Potential Building Blocks
Vegetable Oils – Triglycerides Glycerol-Based Alkyds

7. Use More Raw Materials from Nature as Potential Building Blocks
Fatty acids can be a source for metal soaps and alkyd binders Alcohols can be used to make non-ionic surfactants and PU compounds

8. Use More Raw Materials from Nature as Potential Building Blocks
Polyols: glycerol and sugar derivatives APG – Alkyl Polyglycosides (biodegradable surfactants)

9. Use More Raw Materials from Nature as Potential Building Blocks
Epoxy Hardeners from Cashew Nutshell Liquid (CNSL)
Acrylic Compounds

10. What are Environmentally Friendly Additives?
Additives that help make High Solids, Bio-Based or Waterborne Binder alternatives possible
What options are available?
Cobalt Free Driers
Additives that contribute Zero VOC’s
Tin Free Catalysts
Additives Containing Sustainable Raw Materials
Additives with Universal Applications – Waterborne, Solventborne and Solvent Free Coatings that result in fewer Specialized Additives

11. History of Bio-Renewable Systems
The original bio-renewable binder systems were based on natural and synthetic oils (alkyds). However, they had two major flaws that were driving them to extinction:
They needed to be dissolved in petroleum based solvents that contain (VOC’s)
Also that they needed hazardous metal based catalysts to accelerate crosslinking
Over time Alkyd binders have been developed that are soluble in water or exempt solvents. However, most still rely on metal based driers, which then face us with an even tougher challenge of “how replace metal catalysts considered to be hazardous?”

12. Cobalt Driers – Regulatory Concerns
Cobalt has been the metal drier of choice for binders that cure via oxidation for over 100 years. However, Cobalt carboxylates are on the verge of being labeled more hazardous in Europe which will eventually affect all countries that sell products to Europe making it a global concern
Cobalt carboxylates promote surface dry in coatings and without these surface driers – bio-based binders that cure via oxidation will not dry properly

13. Labeling of Cobalt-Carboxylates
New interim classification since June 2013
Current Labeling Cobalt-bis(2-ethylhexanoate),
Cobalt 2 neodecanoate, Cobalt naphthenate
CAS Nr , EINECS Nr
DSD:
Repr. Cat. 3; R62 - Possible risk of impaired fertility
Xn; R65 - lung damage if swallowed
R43 - May cause sensitization by skin contact
N; R50/53 - Very toxic to aquatic organisms, may cause
long-term adverse effects in the aquatic environment
R66 – Repeated exposure may cause skin dryness or cracking
CLP:
Repr. 2; H361f,
Skin sens. 1; H317,
Eye Irrit. 2; H319,
Aquatic Acute 1; H400,
Aquatic Chronic 1; H410

14. What are some Cobalt Drier Alternatives?
Manganese driers by itself used in waterborne and solvent-borne alkyd systems
Accelerated Manganese driers
Also available are Iron-based complex compounds that work well in waterborne and solventborne alkyd systems, and some contain Zero VOC’s

15. Performance Advantages Involving Cobalt Alternatives
Tack Free Dry Time (in hours) 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 Co
Co replacement #1
Co replacement #2
23°C – 55RH
(standard conditions)
10°C – 30RH
10°C – 80RH
Improved dry in cool damp conditions and less yellowing over time
Here is our slide showing Borchi® OXY Coat in adverse conditions
Look at how the dry time is significantly reduced at lower temperatures and at higher humidity to historical cobalt driers
Also note, that at even lower levels of the additive, better results are seen.
Next we will look at how through driers could be eliminated
Notes: all formulations can be found on (under product , guide formulation;
Lightness (L value) after 2 months of storage in the dark and in the light
Cobalt Free Driers

16. Why Use Anti-Skinning Additives?
Coatings that cure via oxidation require additives to prevent skinning in the can during storage
The most common anti-skinning additive for Cobalt containing systems is the volatile complexing agent methyl ethyl ketoxime (MEKO)
What are some of the issues with MEKO?
Its toxicity and corresponding labeling issues
It doesn’t always work well with a number of cobalt replacement driers

17. Anti-Skinning Additives that are possible replacements for MEKO
Phenolic based anti-skinning additives
Product Issues:
slow evaporation
the radical absorber stays in the film and may cause yellowing
Other slow evaporating Anti-Skinning additives are aminic compounds dissolved in Fatty acid esters or glycolic solvents
Advantages:
Works for all metal types
Reduced toxicity
Disadvantages:
Dosage has to be experimentally determined to avoid excessive amounts causing prolonged drying time

18. Catalysts in Polyurethane Based Coatings and Additives
polyisocyanate polyol polyurethane
Function to increase chemical reactivity of polyurethane systems
Polyurethanes are used in highly durable coatings, gel coats and other additives like rheology modifiers and dispersants
 +
R-N=C=O R`-OH 
MLn -
H O
R-N-C-O-R´
catalyst

19. Catalyst Options Types Used in Coatings
Catalysts
Mechanism
Application
alkylated tin compounds
(e.g. Dibutyltin dilaurate)
Lewis-acid-mechanism polarization of isocyanate improves electrophilic properties of carbonyl group
1K & 2K polyurethanes blocked isocyanates
metal carboxylates
(e.g. Bismuth or Lithium)
Lewis-acid-mechanism
polarization of isocyanate improves electrophilic properties of carbonyl group Insertion mechanism
after formation of alcoholate
tertiary amines
Lewis-base-mechanism increase nucleophilic properties of OH compound
2K polyurethanes epoxy resins

20. Tin Catalysts: Hazardous Chemical for the Production of Polyurethane Coatings and a Conflict Mineral
HMIS rating:  DBTL on the ECHA (European Chemicals Agency - Reach) website has been registered with a GHS 1B reproductive toxicity classification as well as STOT (Specific Target Organ Toxicity) – single and STOT – Repeated Class 1 which could lead to a 3* HMIS rating as they are both chronic endpoints
The Dodd-Frank Act targets the sources of Cassiterite/Tin. There are many unrestricted sources of Tin available but proving the source of Tin is a continuous concern

21. PU Catalysts: Tin Based Compared to Bismuth Based on the Organic Components
The Effect of different Bismuth carboxylates on OH-NCO reaction: OH-Acrylic (Desmophen A 870) / Isocyanurate ( Desmodur N 3300) [catalyst concentration: 0.003% metal / solid binder]
Acid Blend
Neodecanoate
Octoate
Other

22. Bismuth Catalysts - Extending Pot Life
Octoate
Neodecanoate

23. The Smart Choice - Dispersants Based on Sustainable Raw Materials
Branched polyurethane oligomer
For waterborne systems
More than 50% sustainable RM
Contains sugar, fatty alcohol and acid
90% active in water

24. Dispersants Based on Sustainable Raw Materials (SRM)
SRM Dispersant Conventional Conventional SRM Dispersant

25. Dispersants Based on Sustainable Raw Materials
SRM Dispersant Conventional Conventional SRM Dispersant

26. Summary
The coatings industry uses huge amounts of raw materials and is facing the challenge to switch to renewable resources
Recent alternative additives support the continued use of bio-renewable resin systems where only hazardous materials were effective before
Many sustainable raw materials are already available
New “green” additives can generate equal or better properties to current hazardous agents
Cost effective alternative formulations are possible

27. Thank you for your attention
Questions?
OMG Americas, Inc Sharon Drive Westlake, Ohio USA