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Ventricular Conduction Disturbances
Chapter 7
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Bundle Branches Normal conduction speed through the bundles is about 0.1 seconds
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Bundle Branch Block Right Left
Consider a blocked or slowed branch or bundle Right Left
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Right Bundle Branch Block
First Phase will be normal Second Phase - Normal Third Phase - ? After the left ventricle has completely depolarized, the right ventricle continues to depolarize
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Right Bundle Branch Block
1. 2. 3. 1. r wave in V1 q wave in V6 2. S wave in V1 R wave in V6 3. R’ wave in V1 S wave in V6
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Right Bundle Branch Block Criteria
V1 or V2 = rSR’ - “M” or rabbit ear shape V5 or V6 = qRS Large R waves Right chest leads: T wave inversion (“secondary changes” since they reflect a delay in depolarization not an actual change in depolarization). Complete RBBB: QRS > 0.12 sec. Incomplete RBBB: QRS = 0.10 to 0.12 sec.
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Right Bundle Branch Block
V1 = rSR’ V6 = qRS
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Right Bundle Branch Block
V2 = rSR’ V6 = qRS
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Right Bundle Branch Block
Clinical Significance Healthy heart Organic heart disease atrial septal defect pulmonary disease valvular lesions degenerative changes in conduction system chronic coronary artery disease pulmonary embolism after bypass graft surgery Permanent or transient RBBB by itself requires no treatment
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Left Bundle Branch Block
RBBB affects mainly the terminal phase of depolarization LBBB affects the early and terminal phases of depolarization Septum is depolarized from right to left (rather than left to right) Depolarization of the left ventricle takes longer
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Left Bundle Branch Block
1. r wave in V1 R wave in V6 2. S wave in V1 R wave in V6
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Left Bundle Branch Block
Loss of septal R in V1 and septal Q in V6. Wide QRS Negative in V1 Positive in V6
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Left Bundle Branch Block Criteria
Wide QRS complex V1 = QS (or rS) and may have a “W” shape to it. V6 = R or notched R showing a “M” shape or rabbit ears Secondary T wave inversion Secondary if in lead with tall R waves Primary if in right precordial leads
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Left Bundle Branch Block
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RBBB versus LBBB ? ?
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Left Bundle Branch Block
Causes long standing hypertension valvular lesion cardiomyopathy coronary artery disease Precursor Advanced CAD Valvular heart disease Hypertensive heart disease Cardiomyopathy
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Rate-Related (Exercise-Induced) Bundle Branch Blocks
Ischemia or other factors during exercise may produce BBB not seen at rest Rate-limited bundle branch block Exercise induced bundle branch block
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Incomplete Bundle Branch Blocks
RBBB or LBBB where QRS is between .10 and .12 with same QRS features Incomplete RBBB normal variant Incomplete LBBB a progression of LVH
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Intraventricular Delay or Intraventricular Conduction Defect
General term for wide QRS complexes that are not typical of RBBB or LBBB
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Pacemaker Pattern
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Pacemaker Patterns
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Trifascicular Conduction System
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Tri-fascicular Conduction System
Right bundle Left anterior (superior) fascicle Left posterior (inferior) fascicle Fascicular block (or hemiblock) = a block in either the LAF or LPF.
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Fascicular Blocks Fascicular blocks only slightly prolongs the QRS.
Fascicular blocks cause axis deviation as do infarcts and hypertrophy. Left or right axis deviation without signs of infarct or hypertrophy are fascicular blocks.
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Left Anterior Fascicular Block
Limb leads QRS less width less than 0.12 sec. QRS axis = Left axis deviation (-45° or more) if S wave in aVF is greater than R wave in lead I small Q wave in lead I, aVL, or V6
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Left Posterior Fascicular Block
Right axis deviation (QRS axis +120° or more) S wave in lead I and a Q wave in lead III (S1Q3) Rare
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Bifascicular Block Two of the three fascicles are blocked.
Most common is RBBB with left anterior fascicular block.
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Summary The last component of the QRS vector will be shifted in the direction of the last part of the ventricles to be depolarized. In other words, the major QRS vector shifts toward the regions of the heart that are most delayed in being stimulated. RBBB: late QRS forces point toward the right ventricle (Rabbit ears, M shape in V1) LBBB: late QRS forces point toward the left ventricle (negative in V1 and R or notched R in V6) LAFB: late QRS forces point in a leftward and superior direction (LAD with deep S wave in aVF ).
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Hypertrophy In The Presence of Bundle Branch Block
RVH and RBBB RAD is typically seen; also look for RAE and its peaked P waves. RBBB with RAD indicates RVH is likely present, too. LVH and RBB usual criteria can be used but also look for LAE
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