1. BILINGUALISM Learning a Second language
is like learning any other skill
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By MAEd. Ricardo Giraldo.
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2. Bilingualism The practice of alternately using two languages (Uriel
Weinreich, 1968). Stages
of second language
Acquisition with a certain
degree of perfection (Leonard
Bloomfield 1935) and a certain
degree of proficiency (William
Mackey (1957).
Early bilingualism is when the
age of the bilingual at the time
of the acquisition of an L2 is
between tree years and puberty.
Late bilingualism is when the bilingualism is learned as an adult.
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3. Is it possible to achieve fluency in a L2 if you start studying at a
later age?
It is still possible to reach a very high level of fluency, but almost everything depends on:
Self-motivation
How much time the leaner spend learning a L2
Which hemisphere is dominant in his brain and how it coordinates with the teaching methodology applied by the
teacher and where does his strength lie: reading,
writing, speaking or listening
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4. Children can learn two languages
at home, at school or in the community. Then
speaking two languages will be like learning any other
Skill, but to do it well children needs lots of
practice to be provided by parents, family and
people around them.
Dr. Peter Kornakov from the university of
St-Peterburg, Russia says that the newborn
baby will never learn to talk if
he is not in direct contact with the society and
relatives. Development of two languages
depends on the amount of input the child received
in both languages. (Article Bilingualism in children:
Questions and Problems, 2002).
Lilliam M Malave say in her article “Parent Characteristics:
Influence in the Development of Bilingualism in young children”. She
Remarks this they have the advantage of knowing two cultures (Gregory,
1994; Schecter & Bailey, 1997), of being able to communicate with a wider
variety of people and of possible economic advantages in their future.
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5. Bilingual Children Delay in L2
Greenspan Stanley (2005) in his article
early childhood today, comments that in
cases of children language delay around
the age of three is necessary that the child
has more opportunities to immerse him to
the L2 with peer play, and adults, hearing
and talking to them rather than force the
family to converse in L2 at home.
McWan & Martinez (2001) Semilinguals
students who are thought to be non verbal
In both English and the native language.
Greenspan Stanley (2005) in his article early childhood today, comments that in cases of children language delay around the age of three is necessary that the child has more opportunities to immerse him to the L2 with peer play, and adults, hearing and talking to them rather than force the family to converse in L2 at home.
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6. Researchers have discovered that being bilingual may
make children “smarter” than monolingual ones. Performing certain cognitive tasks more accurately than monolinguals.”
Laura-Ann Petitto (2002), a researcher at Dartmouth College, and several colleagues compared a group of monolingual children who spoke only French or English to a group of children who were learning one spoken language with one signed language. The children in the two groups were matched in terms of age (4 to 6) but in memory development as well.
The researchers determined that
bilingual children far
outperformed the monolingual
group.
( Domenico Maceri, 2004,
in his article, Does bilingualism
makes you smarter?) Found at:
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7. In the “Atlanta Journal” in an article By
D. Aileen Dodd: Bilingual babies (Sept. 2006).
She remarks that “The babies may be in diapers, but their
parents are already building their resumes”. They are paying
thousands of dollars so their babies can learn a second
language before they can speak the first language. This
because we live in a state
that is raising in immigrant
population. The parents puts
their kids in preschool immersion
programs so they can learn a
foreign language from native
speakers, because research
suggest that being bilingual at
a young age make kids more
creative and better at solving
complex problems at school.
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8. Nationwide bilingual babies academies offer immersion classes to
Since bilingualism is a definite plus, the schools system in different states, with the purpose to accelerate the process of becoming bilingual start dual language teaching since kindergarten to fifth grade and prepare them for the challenges of living in a multilingual world which is increasingly getting smaller.
There are now 271 dual language schools nationwide, more than double the number of Although the most typical combination is English-Spanish, others involving Asian and European languages are also available.
Nationwide bilingual babies academies offer immersion classes to
toddlers up to age 4. Prices ranges between $250 to $600
monthly.
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9. Misunderstanding about bilingualism
Steven Krashen has reported that bilingual education has been dismantle in three states and is slowly disolving in several others, and the effectviness in bilingual education has been called into a question. The professional organizations don’t respond to this attacks because they have insufficient knowledge about bilingualism. The reason might be that they seldom communicate with the public to see how successful bilingual education can be implemented, and how effective it is to assist students to be able to converse in two languages in the school or after it.
The reason might be that they seldom communicate with the public to see how successful bilingual education can be implemented, and how effective it is to assist students to be able to converse in two languages.
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10. Well implemented bilingual programs can
Traditionally, the idea was that bilingual children’s language development was slower because of having to deal with the confusion of two languages (Ovando and Collier 1985). Researcher says that the heightened cognitive skills of bilingual children have to do with the increased computational demands of having to process two different languages (McNamara, 1976).
Well implemented bilingual programs can
promote literacy and subject matter
knowledge in a minority language
without any negative effects (Cummins,
2000).
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11. Close contact with other linguistic groups Schooling
In conclusion: some of the most important aspects that contribute to the process of a child becoming bilingual are:
Growing up in a bilingual environment (Bloom, 1964; Coleman, 1991; Laosa, 1975; Soto, 1992; Wong Fillmore, 1991; Walberg, 1984), with common bilingual patterns:
Immigration
Migration
Close contact with other linguistic groups
Schooling
Growing up in a bilingual family
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12. Most experts agree that children Are more likely to become proficient
in a foreign language when they
have an AU Pair bilingual care
provider, because they can
teach about language, traditions,
Food and music.
By example in Cambridge,
Mass. Since 1989 has
placed more than 55,000
AU pairs in American
Homes.
Source: Cultural Care AU Pair,
May 23, 2006
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13. In the process to raise kids to be bilingual:
The parents provided preschool activities in the first or second language
(Kessler, 1984).
Used television to facilitate second language acquisition
(Polsky, 1974; Eisenberg, 1989)
Spoke over the telephone with relatives.
Facilitate reading and writing in the target language.
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14. Visited language homeland from one to three months
Sang songs in L1 or L2
Listened to the radio
Used computers
Visited language homeland
from one to three months
Incorporated L2 games
Assisted with L2 homework
Spoke to the child only in
the target language
Use the child as L2 translator
Bilingual education videos
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15. Misconceptions about Learning a L2 that make the process of bilingualism slow in the U S A
Bilingual education tend to be associated with orality not literacy.
Bilingual education means always communicating in the second language.
In bilingualism, writing is taught, but only as a means to reinforce speaking, not an end in itself.
Student first language is perceived as interference rather than facilitator in learning a L2, however research has convincingly disclosed that students first language provides a shortcut to learning a second language.
From: The Jakarta Post, October 1st, 2006.
(ACC-NO:A A-12AF4-GNW)
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16. Wong Fillmore, (1991). comments that “Children can lose their
mother tongue after 2-3 years of starting school if school don’t offer
bilingual education and if they don’t practice it at home,
and in the community outside the school.
Jim Cummins (2002) (in the article: Bilingual children’s mother tongue:
Why Is It Important for Education?” quote Filmore).
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17. WE ARE BILINGUAL, WE CAN COMMUNICATE IN ENGLISH AND IN SPANISH
AFRICA
GERMANY
U S A
WE ARE
BILINGUAL,
WE CAN
COMMUNICATE
IN ENGLISH AND IN
SPANISH
PUERTO RICO
CHINA
PERU
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18. CDEC- Chamber of Studies & Business Connections CDEcamaradeestudios
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