1. EL PARTNER TECNOLÓGICO STABLE – Reference Li-air cell

2. 2 Outline -Cell configuration (general) -Li-Anode (WP1) - Separator (WP1) -Air-cathode material (WP2) - Electrolyte - Characterization

3. 33 Reference conditions Gas Type Cell Collector Anode AnodeMembrane Collecteur Cathode Cathode O2 (99,99998%) Swagelok Copper Rod (or copper foam) Lithium chips Wahtman GF/A Alluminium (Al) tube (or stainless steel) + SS spring + component melt by spot resistance Al tube (or SS tube) AirCoin Cell Stainless Steel (SS) Lithium chips Wahtman GF/A SS mesh + SS spring + component melt by spot resistance SS mesh Electrolyte OrganicRTIL SolventSaltSolventSalt EC/DECLiPF6EMITFSILiTFSI NB1: This is not only a blibliographic research. Theses configurations are used at the moment NB2: Pouch cell is the step farther

4. 4 Cell configuration Swagelok cell (O 2 ) Name: PFA Swagelok tube fitting ½ inch Reference: PFA-820-6 Web link: http://www.swagelok.com/search/find_products_home.aspx?part=PFA-820- 6&item=2b451130-c169-4f69-bac4-8bfa338a165b# http://www.swagelok.com/search/find_products_home.aspx?part=PFA-820- 6&item=2b451130-c169-4f69-bac4-8bfa338a165b# Active surface area: 10 mm-diameter Current collector: Anode: Copper rod Cathode: Al or Stainless steal tube Coin cell (Air) Name: Meshed CR2032 Coin Cells Cases (20d x 3.2mm) for Lithium Air Battery Research (1 pair with seal O-ring) Reference: EQ-CR2032-CASE-304-MES Web link: http://mtixtl.com/MeshedCR2032CoinCellsCases20dx3.2mmforZinc/LithiumAirBatteryR. aspx http://mtixtl.com/MeshedCR2032CoinCellsCases20dx3.2mmforZinc/LithiumAirBatteryR. aspx Active surface area: 14 mm-diameter

5. 5 Air-cathode materials Current collector: 304 Stainless Steel Meshed Disc (80 mesh woven from 0.127 mm dia. Wire, Alfa Aesar) as Electrode Substrate for CR2032 – EQ-SSMD-304 (MTI.Corp.) http://mtixtl.com/304StainlessSteelMeshedDiscasElectrodeSubstrateforCR20XXCoinCell.aspx Active material: Graphite Super C65 (CAS: 1333-86-4 – TIMCAL) Binder: PVDF ADX 161 (CAS: 24937-79-9 – Arkema) Solvent for slurry preparation: N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (CAS: 872-50-4 – Sigma Aldrich, anhydrous, 99.5% - 328634)  Diameter for Swagelok cell: 10 mm  Diameter for coin cell: 14 mm Composition ref.

6. 6 Swagelok cell Why is it the good choice. -Everybody is using it, easier to compare to previous results -Cheap and Versatile cell: Possibility to change each component one by one Possibility to tune (melting by spot resistance, 2 or 3 electrodes, line of several cells…) Contacts melt by spot resitance Gas in Gas out Vale for charge /discharge Battery

7. 7 Anode materials Active material: Lithium (CAS: 7439-93-2) Name: Lithium Chip 15.6 Diax0.25t mm for Li-ion Battery R&D 100g/bottle (4000 pcs) Reference: EQ-Lib-LiC25 Web link: http://mtixtl.com/LithiumChip15.6Diax0.25tmmforLi-ionBatteryRandD125g/bottle-EQ-Lib-.aspx http://mtixtl.com/LithiumChip15.6Diax0.25tmmforLi-ionBatteryRandD125g/bottle-EQ-Lib-.aspx Name: Lithium ( Li ) Foil: 30000mm Length x 35 mm Width x 0.17mm Thick Reference: Lib-LiF-30M Web link: http://mtixtl.com/LithiumLiFoil30000mmLengthx35mmWidthx0.17mmThick.aspx http://mtixtl.com/LithiumLiFoil30000mmLengthx35mmWidthx0.17mmThick.aspx  Diameter for Swagelok cell: 12 mm  Diameter for coin cell: 14 mm Copper foam for nanostructuration (lithium eletrodepositon), disc of 12 mm taken from Good fellow (LS396347), 6.35 mm, 0.85/cm 2, 99.9%, 16 Pores/cm, 150 x 150 mm, 120g.

8. 8 Electrolyte Carbonate-based electrolyte Solvent: EC/DEC (2/1 volume).. Working very well, better than DMC or PC mielts. EC: Ethylene carbonate (CAS: 96-49-1 – Sigma Aldrich 676802) DEC: Diethyl carbonate (CAS: 105-58-8 – Sigma Aldrich 517135) Salt: LiPF 6 – Lithium hexafluorophosphate (CAS: 21324-40-3 – Sigma Aldrich 450227) Concentration: 1 mol/L Ionic liquid electrolyte EMIM TFSI – 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide (CAS: 174899-82-2 – Sigma Aldrich 11291) LiTFSI – Bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (CAS: 90076-65-6 – Sigma Aldrich 544094) Concentration: 1 mol/L

9. 9 Separator Name: Whatman® glass-fiber filter paper, Grade 25 Reference: Z132101-100EA Web link: http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/z132101?lang=es&region=ES http://www.sigmaaldrich.com/catalog/product/aldrich/z132101?lang=es&region=ES  Diameter for Swagelok cell: 10 mm  Diameter for coin cell: 16 mm  LISICON commercially available ??

10. 10 Electrochemical characterization  Method - Galvanostatic charge /discharge, cycling: Current: 50 to 1000 µA/cm 2 Potential window: [2 V : 4 V] -Impedance spectroscopy: ± 200 mV to E OC  Gas -Condition 1: O 2 / Flow rate: 0.1 SCFH (Premier or Ultrapuro Plus, < 5 or < 2 ppm of inpurities) -Condition 2: Mediterranean Air atmosphere of Barcelona.

11. 11 Leitat team ContactDivisionPositionTasks David Amantia, PhD. damantia@leitat.org Nano Material External coordinator (STABLE) Team leader Co-leader STABLE (LEITAT) Coordination External/Internal Materials Christophe Aucher, PhD. caucher@leitat.org Renewable Energy Researcher Co-leader STABLE (LEITAT) Co-Coordination Internal Electrochemistry Albert Almarza, engineer aalmarza@leitat.org Nano MaterialResearcherMaterial Étienne Knipping, engineer Ketienne@leitat.org Renewable EnergyResearcherElectrochemistry José A. Sáez, PhD. jasaez@leitat.org Smart SystemTeam leaderModeling / Simulation