1. Chapter 01- Part I Introduction To Multimedia
CGMB 234
Multimedia Systems Design
Chapter 01- Part I
Introduction To Multimedia

2. Objectives At the end of this chapter, students should be able to:
describe the history and development of media, computer and multimedia systems
distinguish between hypertext, hypermedia and multimedia
Identify all the multimedia building blocks
Distinguish between modalities, channels, medium and bandwidth
state the FOUR (4) characteristics of multimedia system
state and describe the multimedia applications and software tools available

3. History & Development Of Multimedia

4. History Of Multimedia
What can we say about the evolution of media that has taken place for thousands of years?
Since the dawn of time, people have had the need to communicate with one another.
This created what we called as communication media.

5. History Of Multimedia
Newspapers  (perhaps) the first mass communication medium, which used mostly text, graphics, and images.
1895  Gugliemo Marconi sent his first wireless radio transmission at Pontecchio, Italy.
1901  he detected radio waves beamed across the Atlantic.
Initially invented for telegraph, radio is now a major medium for audio broadcasting.

6. History Of Multimedia Television  new media for the 20th century.
It brought video (+audio) and has since changed the world of mass comm.

7. Some Important Events In Computer History
Vannevar Bush ( ) wrote about Memex
a device in which an individual stores all his books, records, and communications, and which it is mechanized so that it may be consulted with exceeding speed and flexibility
Vannevar
Bush

8. Some Important Events In Computer History
1960s - Ted Nelson started Xanadu project (The Original Hypertext Project)
Douglas Engelbart demonstrated NLS (oN Line System) - The Debut of The Mouse
Nelson & Van Dam hypertext editor at Brown University.
Engelbart

9. Some Important Events In Computer History
Architecture Machine Group proposal to DARPA: Multiple Media
Negroponte, Wiesner: opened MIT Media Lab in Boston
Tim Berners-Lee proposed the World Wide Web to CERN (European Organization For Nuclear Research)
1990
Kristina Hooper Woolsey headed Apple Multimedia Lab, 100 staff, for education
Dec Birth of WWW - Tim Berners CERN

10. Some Important Events In Computer History
U. Illinois National Center for Supercomputing Applications: NCSA Mosaic
1994 – Jim Clark and Marc Andreessen: Netscape
JAVA language for platform-independent application development.
1998 – XML 1.0 announced as a W3C recommendation
1998 – Handheld MP3 devices (32MB) flash memory
2000 – WWW size estimated over 1 billion pages.
2005 – YouTube were introduced, a video sharing website
May 2011 – Justin Bieber - Baby ft. Ludacris ,581,973 views on YouTube

11. Hypertext, Hypermedia & Multimedia

12. Hypertext and Hypermedia
Hypertext  text which contains links to other texts and is usually non-linear
Invented by Ted Nelson around 1965
Hypermedia is not constrained to be text-based.
It can include other media, e.g., graphics, images, and continuous media (audio & video).
Apparently, Ted Nelson was also the first to use this term.
The World Wide Web (WWW) is the best example of hypermedia applications.

13. Hypertext
Ted Nelson

14. Hypertext and Hypermedia

15. Multimedia The notion of Multimedia Consists of two words:
Multi (Latin)= many; much;
Medium (Latin) = An intervening substance through which something is transmitted or carried on.

16. Multimedia What is Multimedia?
Multimedia means a (usually) interactive combination of two or more media elements (multimedia building block), such as text, graphics, audio, video and animation integrated using a computer
A multimedia system is a system that supports more than a single type of media.

17. Multimedia Building Block
Digital environment
USER
Elements of Multimedia

18. Multimedia has a number of distinct and unique features, including:
Based on Edgar Dale (Cone Of Learning), on average, people remember:
10% of what they read,
20% of what they hear,
30% of what they see,
50% of what they hear and see,  multimedia approach
multimedia rich elements, multi-sensory delivery system can facilitate greater retention of new knowledge

20. Multimedia Modalities
Modalities are the sensory systems through which a multimedia activity occurs
This includes tactile (touch), gustatory (taste), visual (sight), auditory (hearing), olfactory (smell)
Based on the multimedia elements we have today, only two modalities are regularly used.

21. Multimedia Channels
Channels can be understood as existing within a modality.
For example, with the auditory modality, we have different channels for noises, speech and music.
With the visual modality, we have different channels for words, pictures and movies.

22. Regularly Used Modalities & Channels
Visual
Words
Pictures
Movies
Auditory
Noises
Speech
Music
Modalities
Channels

23. Multimedia Channels
Bandwidth is a concept of how much information can be carried by a certain channel within a certain modality.
For example, we can read at the rate of 150 words per minute which is the ‘printed text’ channel within the ‘visual’ modality.
Much like your modem, you are unlikely to reach the theoretical maximum bandwidth of your channel within any modality, in practice.

24. Multimedia Channels
The reason for this discrepancy in practice is because in theory, we assume a perfect encoder and decoder.
For example, English text ‘encoded’ on a page and the English language ‘decoder’ in someone’s head is assumed to be perfectly compatible.
In reality, however, it is highly dependent on the education level of the reader, the nature of the text information presented and many other factors.

25. Multimedia ‘Medium’
A medium can be understood as a set of co-ordinated channels, spanning one or more modalities, which have come to be referred to as a unitary whole, and which possess a cross-channel language of interpretation.
Examples include a television show, which typically uses the auditory and visual modalities; and picture, written text, speech and music channels.

26. Multimedia ‘Medium’
What is meant by a ‘cross-channel language of interpretation’ is that there must be some form of relationship between the channels.
Take the TV show, for example.
The moving pictures and sound are closely related.
In combination, they provide a clearer message than when alone.

27. Digital Media Revolution
Digital camcorders, cameras, MP3 players
but also location sensors, speech, gestures, etc.
Digital media enables new forms of expression
inform, educate, entertain, provoke, etc.
multi-sensory, emphasizes temporal over spatial
Digital media places the power of mega production studios at the fingertips of the user
record, edit, process, play, and share digital media
profound social, cultural, educational, technological, and communicative impact – its just now beginning

28. Multimedia Requires Multiple media Coordination Interaction
Combination of two or more media of which at least one is a discrete medium such as text and image and one is a continuous medium such as audio and video
Coordination
temporal or spatial
Interaction
user exercises control

29. Overlapping Technologies
Different branches of multimedia grow together because of new, upcoming multimedia technology and applications.
Two challenges lie ahead:
Timing requirements (synchronization etc.)
Integration requirements (of different media types)

30. Where’s the Action in Multimedia?
Enable amateurs to take pictures and shoot video like the pros
Interfaces for organizing, retrieving, and accessing large collections of content
Capturing and sharing experiences
Multi-source/multi-party collaborative systems
3D media
P2P Streaming (IPTV)

31. Multimedia System Characteristics
Multimedia systems must be computer controlled.
All multimedia components are integrated.
The interface to the final user may permit interactivity.
Information must be represented digitally.