1. The English Establish 13 Colonies
Chapter 3
The English Establish 13 Colonies

2. Section 1 Early Colonies Have Mixed Success
Virginia Dare: 1st English child born in America.
Croatoan: Local tribe and was carved in a tree. When White returned to Roanoke he found it and discovered everyone disappeared.
Roanoke failed as an English settlement

3. The First English Colonies
Sir Walter Raleigh: Got permission to sponsor England’s first American colony. He named the colony Virginia.
Troubles
1. Lack of food
2. Local Tribes
This forced the colonists back to England

4. Financing a Colony
Joint Stock Company: companies funded by a group of investors.
Investors: person who puts money into a project to earn a profit.
1. Virginia Company of London
2. Virginia Company of Plymouth
Mercantillism: Economic system that European nations used to enrich their treasures.
Charter: A written contract, issued by Government giving rights to establish a colony.

5. Jamestown is Founded in 1607
Jamestown - 1st permanent English settlement in North America.
Jamestown Struggles to Survive
Become sick/ Lack of Water and Food
Looked for gold instead of building and preparing for winter.
John Smith: took control of colony. He brought order to the colony

6. Powhatan Tribe: Trade with colonists but still had an intense relationship. Until Chief’s daughter… Pocahontas married John Rolfe.

7. Tobacco Transform the Colony
They didn’t find gold but found another product that brought them wealth… Tobacco
1614: sent 1st shipment back to England. Very Popular and ensured survival of colony.
Colonists demanded a share/ company gave them land. Colonists worked harder than ever.

8. Along the Chesapeake Bay and James River so you can ship directly to England.
Headright: 50 acre land grant / who could pay way to colony.
Indentured Servant: One’s who couldn’t pay their way. Worked for landlord #4 to 6 years given freedom.

9. The House of Burgesses is Formed
st representative assembly in colonies.
1. Passed Local Laws
2. Taxes
Representative Government
James I took back company’s charter turned Virginia into a royal colony- ruled by King –appointed official.
Got rid of the assembly
Colonist petitioned for representation in the Colonies until James I death and Charles I restored the assembly.

10. The Voyage of the May Flower Religious Freedom and Self Government
Section 2
New England Colonies
John Winthrop: Puritan leader who became 1st governor of Massachusetts.
The Voyage of the May Flower
Dissenters: people who disagree with England’s official church.
Religious Freedom and Self Government
Separatist: wanted to separate from church of England.
King James – Persecuted or mistreated – the separation for rejecting England’s official church.

11. Pilgrims or separatists: a person who goes on a religious journey .
The escaped persecuted fled to Holland a country known for its tolerance: acceptance of different opinions.
Pilgrims or separatists: a person who goes on a religious journey .
Pilgrims Found Plymouth (Nov. 1620)
Settlement called Plymouth.
Most men signed agreement
Mayflower Compact: document that helped establish the practice of self government

12. Squanto: taught pilgrims to plant nature crop.
day feast do a good harvest. It was the first Thanksgiving in New England.
This feast represented peace between English Settlers and Native Americans.

13. Puritans Come to Mass. Bay
Puritans: purify the English Church
They founded Boston, which is the most important town in New England
– 20,000 settlers came to the area called the Great Migration

14. The New England Way
Religious- commonwealth- self governing congregation.
Congregation: A group of people who belong to the same church.
Congregationalist: (The New England Way)
Puritan Values
1.hard work
2. education
3. Representative government
Freeman- could vote male church member

15. Mass. Bay “Seeds” New England
Mass. Is a seed colony: out of which other New England colonies grew.
Puritans felt threatened and left Mass.

16. Rhode Island Welcomes Dissenters
Roger Williams shocked the puritans by:
The colonists had no right to take Native American land
No one should be forced to attend church
Puritans should not impose their religious beliefs on anyone
Church and state should be kept separate
He was banished for his beliefs. He founded Rhode Island colony. That colony guaranteed tolerance and separation of state
Also started 1st Baptist church in America

17. Anne Hutchinson: dissenter – Left and went to Rhode Island
Anne Hutchinson: dissenter – Left and went to Rhode Island. She believed that many of the clergy were not among the elect- those chosen by God for salvation.
John Wheelwright: also fled an established Exeter which is now New Hampshire.

18. Conn. Extends Voting Rights
Hooker- moved congregation to Conn Valley
Settlers wrote Fundamental Order of Conn.- Voting Rights to non-church members – representatives Government
Puritans wouldn’t 6+ intolerant of Quakers – Protestant dissenters.
Quakers believed women were equal to men. Women served as preachers and missionaries.
Threatened the New England Way

19. Martyrs: people who choose to die for a religious purpose.
A famous martyr: Mary Dyer
New England Settlers came from the middle ranks of English society. Many were highly skilled and educated.

20. Section 3 The Southern Colonies Lord Baltimore Founds Maryland
(1634) The second Southern colony was founded, Maryland. It was on the Chesapeake Bay.
It was in tended to be a new society free from religious conflicts of Europe.
The Act of Toleration
Gave Maryland to Lord Baltimore as a proprietary colony: a colony governed by a single owner.
The first settlement was St. Mary’s City. It became the capital.
Colonists were allowed to elect an assembly and in 1649 the Act of Toleration : forbade religious persecution.

21. Maryland Raised tobacco
Used up the nutrients in the soil / continued to clear land
Planters always searching for workers
The workers were:
1. slaves
2. indentured servants

22. Religious Conflict in Maryland
The Carolinas
In 1640 England was in a civil war and colonization stopped.
In 1660’s Monarchy was restored and Charles II King rewarded 8 supporters by giving the land for a new colony (The Carolinas)
Owners Offer
A. offers religious toleration
B. large land grants
C. Political representation

23. Charleston
It was a refuge for Huguenots: or French Protestants who fled France.
Rice and Slavery
Cash crop for Carolina’s was RICE
Elite: High ranking group. The elite used slaves to raise cash crops. The slaves outnumbered the elite and the elite feared a revolt.
Colonist Revolt
Colonists were unhappy that proprietors did not provide military protection from Spanish and Native Americans.

24. Colonists overthrew proprietors rule
Colonists overthrew proprietors rule. King took over and made North and South Carolina a royal colony. The Governors were appointed by the king.

25. Georgia James Oglethorpe received a charter for Georgia.
1st settlement was Savannah
Debtors and Poor could make a new start.
Diversity and variety could make a new start.
All religions were welcomed but Catholics. The were to sympathize with Spanish.
Oglethorpe had strict rules. He opposed large plantations and slavery. Poor settlers to set up small farms.
Feared slave revolt would weaken colony.

26. Upset with South Carolina’s prosperity.
Georgia legalized Slavery and Royal Colony.
Also turned into Plantation Society.
Region of the South
Region:
Tidewater- Soil and Climate- warm water crops
Tobacco
Rice
Indigo

27. The Middle Colonies
The Dutch – founded New Netherlands – Peter Stuyvesant, the new governor
Restored order to wild colonial outpost
Weren’t bounded together- stop the diversity
Modern Day New York
Diversity was their strength

28. Settling The Middle Colonies
Attracted a population of great ethnic and religious background
New Netherland – along the Hudson River
Largest Town – New Amsterdam
Patroon – A person who brought so settlers to New Netherlands
Received large land grant
Hunting, fishing, and fur trading privileges
Religious Tolerance

29. The English Take Control
English ran Dutch from New Netherlands- King Charles II
Duke of York- Ships arrived Dutch surrendered and English renamed the colony New York- Proprietor Colony.
Duke of York- Largest Landowner in America
The province New Jersey gave to Sir George Carteret and Lord John Berkley.
William Penn- Another land owner –Born to a rich family that loaned Charles II money.

30. Gave him land to pay back his debt. Pennsylvania – “Penn’s Woods”
Penn granted 3 lower counties own assembly and a later known as a colony of Delaware.
Penn joined Quakers to dismay of father
Practice their beliefs
Free of Persecution
Pennsylvania- “Holy Experiment”
Capital – Philadelphia
Richest Colonies in America- Wealthiest
By 1730’s -13 colonies are thriving
Population –Doubling every 25 years

31. Section 1&2 Quiz
1. People who put money into a project to earn profits?
2. 1st permanent English settlement in North America?
acres / land grant?
4. wanted to separate from the Church of England?
5. The Ship the Pilgrims sailed on?
6. Wanted to purify the Church of England?
7. Founded Rhode Island?
Puritan Values?