1. What do you know about China?
In your KWL chart list everything you can think of that you have learned about or heard about China.

2. Some facts about China

3. Geography

4. China is comparable in size to the United States

5. Topography of China
Mountains in the West and the Pacific Ocean in the East serve as natural boundaries
2 Seasons:
Summer=Wet season
Winter= Dry Season

6. Regions of China

7. A Brief Review of Modern Chinese History leading up to the 1970s.

8. The 19th Century Qing Dynasty
Britain, France, and Germany sought to expand trade in China
First Opium War ( )
Treaty of Nanking, China loses Hong Kong to Britain
Second Opium War ( )
Britain, Japan, France, and Russia all obtained land from China

9. Effects of the Opium Wars
Internal rebellions throughout China
Anti-Qing sentiment grew
China was in danger of being “carved up” by European powers

10. The Tongzhi Restoration
The Tongzhi Emperor and the Empress Dowager Cixi

11. Sino-Japanese War 1894-1895 Shameful to China
Led to The Reform Movement
Emperor Guangxu willing to work with reformers
Empress regained control, executed the reformers and banished Emperor Guangxu
Attempt at modernization failed

12. Boxer Rebellion Led by the “Society of the Righteous Fist”
Directed anger at Europeans and Christian Missionaries
Goal was to expel “foreign devils” from China
Foreign response - 8 nations including the U.S. take control of Nanking
Exemplified how ineffective the Manchu Dynasty had become

13. 1911- Revolution Dr. Sun Yat-sen - Revolutionary Leader
Ideas of nationalism and democracy made up his vision of China
Founding of the Republic of China
Sun is elected President

14. Sun is challenged by Yuan Shikai who was a military governor general
Yuan sets himself up as emperor but dies in 1916
China goes into a state of chaos
Difficult to establish the Republic

15. The Nationalist Party KMT
1920s - Under the leadership of Sun Yat-sen
Communist Party formed in Shanghai
KMT and Communist Party of China united
Sun Yat-sen died
Chiang Kai-shek took over KMT
Broke away from the Communists
Communists fled to the countryside

16. Chiang Kai-Shek Campaign to unify China
Hatred of Communists and warlords
Purged communists - Mao Zedong and Zhu De
Extermination campaigns
Backed by foreign investors
Declared head of national government in 1928

17. The Long March 1934 Led by Mao Zedong Approx. 100,000 men and women
Marched for 6,000 miles into Shaanxi Province
Intended to launch “people’s war”
Only 10,000 made it to Shaanxi (about 10%)

18. Party Conference of Zunyi in Guizhou Province, 1935
Mao took leadership of the Communist Party

19. China During World War II
Japan invaded Manchuria
Japan invaded China proper (Beijing)
Fall of Shanghai
Forced KMT to unite with the Communists again

20. Rape of Nanjing

21. World War II War broke out in Europe, 1939
Germany stopped supplying weaponry to the Nationalist-Communist coalition
Bombing of Pearl Harbor, 1941
United States became allied with China

22. Chongqing - Capital of China during World War II
Americans and British supplied China’s United Front with supplies flown over the Himalayas
Chiang Kai-shek did not distribute these to the Red Army
United Front collapsed

23. World War II ends
Power struggle in China between the Nationalist Party led by Chiang Kai-shek and the Communist Party led by Mao Zedong
U.S. sided with Chiang Kai-shek
Peace negotiations took place in Chongqing (mediated by the U.S.)
Talks ended in a stalemate

24. Civil War in China
Communists formed the People’s Liberation Army (PLA)
Attacked Chiang Kai-shek and the Nationalists

25. Communist China
October 1, Mao declared the People’s Republic of China
Chiang Kai-shek fled to Taiwan - took China’s gold reserves with him

26. Communist China
With the exception of Taiwan, CCP manages to reunify all of China
United States refuses to recognize Mao and the CCP

27. China under Communism 1957 - The Hundred Flowers Campaign
The Great Leap Forward
1960s - Break in US-USSR relations
Soviet Union stopped all aid to China

28. The Cultural Revolution
Mao Zedong utilized the youth of China against his critics
the Red Guard is created
Attacked the “Four Olds”: ideas, culture, customs, and habits
Guards attacked anything perceived to be related to capitalism or anything deemed as Western

29. Cultural Revolution
August, 1966: Deng Xiaoping and his followers were removed from power and imprisoned
Late 1960s s: Cultural Revolution became increasingly violent - attacked intellectuals, shopkeepers, religion, etc.

30. What was the position of the U. S
What was the position of the U.S. towards China through the Cultural Revolution?
U.S. industries and businesses would benefit from the fall of the CCP
Continued to support Chiang Kai-shek
Created fear of a Sino-Soviet pact at home
In China exploded its first atomic bomb- forced the U.S. to reconsider its policy towards China
1970s - Sino-U.S. relations transformed
Secretary of State Henry Kissinger secretly visits China