1. www.compphys.cn South China University of Technology www.compphys.cn Oscillator motions Xiaobao Yang Department of Physics http://www.compphys.cn/~xbyang/lectures.html

2. www.compphys.cn Simulation of Quasi-crystals

3. www.compphys.cn Annealing simulation Phase Transitions

4. www.compphys.cn

5. Charged particle in electromagnetic field

6. www.compphys.cn One particle fx1(ii)=q1*E0+q1*B*vy1(ii); fy1(ii)=-q1*B*vx1(ii); vx1(ii+1)=vx1(ii)+fx1(ii)/m1*dt; vy1(ii+1)=vy1(ii)+fy1(ii)/m1*dt; x1(ii+1)=x1(ii)+vx1(ii)*dt; y1(ii+1)=y1(ii)+vy1(ii)*dt; fx1(ii+1)=q1*E0+q1*B*vy1(ii+1); fy1(ii+1)=-q1*B*vx1(ii+1); vx1(ii+1)=vx1(ii)+0.5*(fx1(ii)+fx1(ii+1))/m1*dt; vy1(ii+1)=vy1(ii)+0.5*(fy1(ii)+fy1(ii+1))/m1*dt; x1(ii+1)=x1(ii)+0.5*(vx1(ii)+vx1(ii+1))*dt; y1(ii+1)=y1(ii)+0.5*(vy1(ii)+vy1(ii+1))*dt;

7. www.compphys.cn Two particles fx1(ii)=q1*E0+q1*B*vy1(ii)-k*q1*q2*(x2(ii)-x1(ii))/norm([x2(ii)-x1(ii) y2(ii)-y1(ii)])^3; fy1(ii)=-q1*B*vx1(ii)-k*q1*q2*(y2(ii)-y1(ii))/norm([x2(ii)-x1(ii) y2(ii)-y1(ii)])^3; fx2(ii)=q2*E0+q2*B*vy2(ii)+k*q1*q2*(x2(ii)-x1(ii))/norm([x2(ii)-x1(ii) y2(ii)-y1(ii)])^3; fy2(ii)=-q2*B*vx2(ii)+k*q1*q2*(y2(ii)-y1(ii))/norm([x2(ii)-x1(ii) y2(ii)-y1(ii)])^3; vx1(ii+1)=vx1(ii)+fx1(ii)/m1*dt; vy1(ii+1)=vy1(ii)+fy1(ii)/m1*dt; x1(ii+1)=x1(ii)+vx1(ii)*dt; y1(ii+1)=y1(ii)+vy1(ii)*dt; vx2(ii+1)=vx2(ii)+fx2(ii)/m1*dt; vy2(ii+1)=vy2(ii)+fy2(ii)/m1*dt; x2(ii+1)=x2(ii)+vx2(ii)*dt; y2(ii+1)=y2(ii)+vy2(ii)*dt;

8. www.compphys.cn the motion of electrons in atoms the behavior of currents and voltages in electronic circuits planetary orbits a pendulum oscillatory and periodic phenomena

9. www.compphys.cn Simple Harmonic Motion Euler method

10. www.compphys.cn Problem with Euler Method Energy not conserved with Euler method. Why? Euler-Cromer method illustration

11. www.compphys.cn Review of the numerical methods dynamical variable vector The accuracy of this algorithm is relatively low: Euler method

12. www.compphys.cn If we carry out the integration with g(y, t) given from this equation, we obtain a new algorithm with preparation of We can always include more points in the integral to obtain algorithms with apparently higher accuracy, but we will need the values of more points in order to start the algorithm. This becomes impractical if we need more than two points in order to start the algorithm. Is there a more practical method? Alternative way to improve the accuracy

13. www.compphys.cn The Runge-Kutta method A more practical method that requires only the first point in order to start or to improve the algorithm is the Runge–Kutta method. Remember Martin Wilhelm Kutta Carl Runge

14. www.compphys.cn R-K method in Appendix A

15. www.compphys.cn Application Illustration! Rk32.m

16. www.compphys.cn We can also formally write the solution at t + τ as where α i (with i = 1, 2,...,m) and ν i j (with i = 2, 3,...,m and j < i ) are parameters to be determined. What is the physical meaning of the expansion?

17. www.compphys.cn 2 nd Order Runge-Kutta method Set m=2 Now if we perform the Taylor expansion for c 2 up to the term O(τ 2 ), we have

18. www.compphys.cn 2 nd Order Runge-Kutta method Typically, there are m Eqs and m + m(m −1)/2 unknowns. E.g., we may choose: Note:These coefficients would result in a modified Euler method …

19. www.compphys.cn Review of R-K method

20. www.compphys.cn Application

21. www.compphys.cn 4 th Order Runge-Kutta method The well-known fourth-order Runge–Kutta algorithm is given by

22. www.compphys.cn Making the pendulum more interesting ►Adding dissipation ►Adding a driving force ►Nonlinear pendulum illustrations

23. www.compphys.cn Homework Exercise 3.1, 3.2, 3.6, Sending your home work to 17273799@qq.com Both Results and source codes are required. For lecture notes, refer to http://www.compphys.cn/~xbyang/ 主题：学号 + 姓名 + 第？次作业