1. Programming for Social Scientists Lecture 8 UCLA Political Science 209-1: Programming for Social Scientists Winter 1999 Lars-Erik Cederman & Benedikt Stefansson

2. Today’s topics More graphics Using probes –With GUI –To get and manipulate data Probes in action: The Script class Overriding methods

3. Changing the raster graphics Want to put a black border around each square on the lattice In order to do so must “paint” each tile independently Solution: A new message in ObserverSwarm Raster from GridIPD New Raster

4. Changes in ObserverSwarm.m Need to catch the display message from each agent and implement new drawing method In -buildObjects: worldDisplay = [ModObject2dDisplay createBegin: self]; [worldDisplay setDisplayWidget: (id ) self]; [worldDisplay setDiscrete2dToDisplay: [modelSwarm getWorld]]; [worldDisplay setObjectCollection: [modelSwarm getPlayers]]; [worldDisplay setDisplayMessage: M(drawSelfOn:)]; [worldDisplay setSizeFactor: sizeFactor]; worldDisplay = [worldDisplay createEnd];

5. Changes in ObserverSwarm.m (2) Agents call the “displayWidget” which is actually the ObserverSwarm and we process the information before calling the raster -drawPointX: (int) posX Y: (int) posY Color: (int) type { [worldRaster fillRectangleX0: sizeFactor*posX Y0: sizeFactor*posY X1: sizeFactor*(float)(posX+0.9) Y1: sizeFactor*(float)(posY+0.9) Color: type]; return self; }

6. How it works Raster Object2dDisplay ObserverSwarm Agent ObserverSwarm -drawPointX:Y:Color: -fillRectangleX0:Y0:X1:Y1: -drawSelfOn: -makeProbeAtX:Y:

7. Useful methods in Raster - fillRectangleX0: (int)x0 Y0: (int)y0 X1: (int)x1 Y1: (int)y1 Color: (Color)color Fill a rectangle of given geometry and color. - ellipseX0: (int)x0 Y0: (int)y0 X1: (int)x1 Y1: (int)y1 Width: (unsigned)penWidth Color: (Color)c Draw an ellipse of given geometry, pen width, and color. - lineX0: (int)x0 Y0: (int)y0 X1: (int)x1 Y1: (int)y1 Width: (unsigned)penWidth Color: (Color)c Draw a line of given geometry, pen width, and color. - rectangleX0: (int)x0 Y0: (int)y0 X1: (int)x1 Y1: (int)y1 Width: (unsigned)penWidth Color: (Color)c Draw a rectangle of given geometry, pen width, and color.

8. Model Swarm bugList Graphical probes Observer Swarm Probe main

9. Observer Swarm How the probes come in... Model Swarm A custom ProbeMap with 4 MessageProbes A custom ProbeMap with 1 MessageProbe ControlPanel is provided by kernel

10. Brief overview of probes Two major uses for probes –To interface with an object –To create a GUI to an object Interface with an object of two types –VarProbe: Probes an instance variable –MessageProbe: Probes a method GUI utilities: –ProbeMap: Collection of Var and MessageProbes

11. Major Probe classes Probe Map Complete Probe Map Complete Var Map Custom Probe Map Message Probe VarProbe Object Base Probe Library

12. Creating graphic probe to object Check out instance of EmtpyProbeMap Attach VarProbe or MessageProbe to each variable or message to appear on GUI Put each probe on ProbeMap Ask probeDisplayManager to create actual widget Object VarProbes MessageProbe A ProbeMap 1 2 3 4

13. Code for previous example probeMap=[EmptyProbeMap createBegin: aZone]; [probeMap setProbedClass: [self class]]; probeMap=[probeMap createEnd]; [probeMap addProbe: [probeLibrary getProbeForVariable: ”someVar" inClass: [agent class]]];... [probeMap addProbe: [probeLibrary getProbeForMessage: ”someVar" inClass: [agent class]] setHideResult: 1]]; [probeLibrary setProbeMap: probeMap For: [self class]]; [probeDisplayManager createProbeDisplayFor: modelSwarm]; Model Observer

14. probeMap = [EmptyProbeMap createBegin: self]; [probeMap setProbedClass: [self class]]; probeMap = [probeMap createEnd]; [probeMap addProbe: [probeLibrary getProbeForVariable: "worldXSize” inClass: [self class]]]; [probeLibrary setProbeMap: probeMap For: [self class]]; (also must execute CREATE_PROBE_DISPLAY macro in ObserverSwarm) Example: A variable probe 1 23 4

15. probeMap = [EmptyProbeMap createBegin: self]; [probeMap setProbedClass: [self class]]; probeMap = [probeMap createEnd]; [probeMap addProbe: [[probeLibrary getProbeForMessage: ”setWorldXSize:” inClass: [self class]] setHideResult: 1]]; [probeLibrary setProbeMap: probeMap For: [self class]]; (also must execute CREATE_PROBE_DISPLAY macro in ObserverSwarm) Example: A message probe 1 23 4

16. A probe for ModelSwarm in IPD +createBegin: (id) aZone {... probeMap = [EmptyProbeMap createBegin: aZone]; [probeMap setProbedClass: [self class]]; probeMap = [probeMap createEnd]; [probeMap addProbe: [probeLibrary getProbeForVariable: "randomSeed" inClass: [self class]]]; [probeMap addProbe: [probeLibrary getProbeForVariable: "worldSize" inClass: [self class]]]; [probeMap addProbe: [probeLibrary getProbeForVariable: "pALLC" inClass: [self class]]]; [probeMap addProbe: [probeLibrary getProbeForVariable: "pTFT" inClass: [self class]]]; [probeMap addProbe: [probeLibrary getProbeForVariable: "pATFT" inClass: [self class]]]; [probeMap addProbe: [probeLibrary getProbeForVariable: "pALLD" inClass: [self class]]]; [probeLibrary setProbeMap: probeMap For: [self class]];...

17. Code for the ModelSwarm probe [probeMap addProbe: [probeLibrary getProbeForVariable: "randomSeed" inClass: [self class]]]; [probeMap addProbe: [probeLibrary getProbeForVariable: "worldSize” inClass: [self class]]]; [probeMap addProbe: [probeLibrary getProbeForVariable: "pALLC" inClass: [self class]]]; [probeMap addProbe: [probeLibrary getProbeForVariable: "pTFT" inClass: [self class]]]; [probeMap addProbe: [probeLibrary getProbeForVariable: "pATFT” inClass: [self class]]]; [probeMap addProbe: [probeLibrary getProbeForVariable: "pALLD" inClass: [self class]]];

18. Graphical and non-graphical probes ProbeMaps are collections of variable and message probes that can be displayed graphically Probes can also be used without the graphical component to construct method calls dynamically at runtime

19. Dynamic message calling Probe library allows you to construct method calls dynamically Here selector and target are data to be determined at runtime theProbe=[MessageProbe createBegin: zone]; [theProbe setProbedSelector: theSelector]; theProbe=[theProbe createEnd]; anIndex=[aCollection begin: zone]; while((aMember=[anIndex next])) { theData=[theProbe doubleDynamicCallOn:aMember]]; [self doSomething: theData]; }

20. Using probes to collect statistics Averager object can probe collection of objects and return average, total, min, max and count One use: Use data as argument to printf() statement to collect statistics Averager EZGraph EZBin Objectbase Entropy EZ Distribution Probe

21. Printing out data using Averager Creating: averager =[Averager createBegin: zone]; [averager setCollection: theCollection]; [averager setProbedSelector: theSelector]; averager=[anAverager createEnd]; Using: [averager update]; printf(“%4.3f %4.3f %4.3f\n”, [averager getMin], [averager getAverage], [averager getMax]);

22. Scripting with method probes Script class reads script file from disk and creates message probes Each line of script defines: access t method arg1 … argN Where access is either –method name (get target obj) –model (target is model) Creating a script: script=[Script create: self]; [script setFile: "scriptfile"]; [script logEvents: ”logfile"]; [script buildActions: self]; [script activateIn: self]; Sample script: # A comment @begin model 2 printX:Y: 1 2 model 4 printX:Y: 2 4 # Another comment model 8 shockMarketTo: -1 getMarket 20 setAlpha: 70 getMarket 30 setAlpha: 50 @end

23. Example: Scripting the IPD In ModelSwarm.m: -activateIn: (id) swarmContext { [super activateIn: swarmContext]; script=[Script create: self]; [script setScriptFile: "script.txt"]; [script buildActions: self]; [script activateIn: self]; return self; } -invadeWithAllD: (int) n { int i; id agent,index; if(n > [playerList getCount]) n=[playerList getCount]-1; [self shuffle: playerList]; index=[playerList begin: self]; while(i<n && (agent=[index next])){ [agent setPlayerType: 3]; i++; } return self; }

24. Example:Scripting the IPD (cont) Activate ModelSwarm in ObserverSwarm Example script triggers an invasion of ALL-D at time step 15 and 20 script.txt # Comment @begin model 15 invadeWithAllD: 100 model 20 invadeWithAllD: 200 @end The script searches in ModelSwarm for selector Time step for action