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Reducing DFA’s Section 2.4. Reduction of DFA For any language, there are many DFA’s that accept the language Why would we want to find the smallest? Algorithm:

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Presentation on theme: "Reducing DFA’s Section 2.4. Reduction of DFA For any language, there are many DFA’s that accept the language Why would we want to find the smallest? Algorithm:"— Presentation transcript:

1 Reducing DFA’s Section 2.4

2 Reduction of DFA For any language, there are many DFA’s that accept the language Why would we want to find the smallest? Algorithm: Finds smallest equivalent DFA

3 Distinguishable States A state p is indistinguishable from another q if, for all walks w, δ*(p,w)  F implies δ*(q,w)  F and δ*(p,w)  F implies δ*(q,w)  F Otherwise, they are distinguishable

4 Two Step Algorithm First, mark all pairs of states as distinguishable or indistinguishable Then, merge indistinguishable states into one state for the smaller graph

5 Mark Algorithm 1.Remove inaccessible states 2.Mark all states in F as distinguishable from those not in F. 3.Repeat until all pairs are marked: For all pairs (p,q) and all symbols (a), if δ(p,a) is distinguishable from δ(q,a), then p is distinguishable from q.

6 Reduce Algorithm Create a state for each set of indistinguishable states from the Mark algorithm. Rewrite transitions between states. If δ(p,a) = q, then make a transition from the node containing the original p to the node containing the original q and label it a.

7 Example q0 q1 q2 q3 q4 0 0 0 0 0,1 1 1 1 1 01 q0q1q3 q1q2q4 q2q1q4 q3q2q4

8 Example 01 q0q1q3 q1q2q4 q2q1q4 q3q2q4 Distinguishable Pairs Final –Nonfinal states (q0,q4) (q1,q4) (q2,q4) (q3,q4)

9 Example 01 q0q1q3 q1q2q4 q2q1q4 q3q2q4 Distinguishable Pairs: Chart Compare (q0,q4) (q1,q4) (q2,q4) (q3,q4) (q0,q1) (q0,q2) (q0,q3)

10 Example Distinguishable Pairs: (q0,q4) (q1,q4) (q2,q4) (q3,q4) (q0,q1) (q0,q2) (q0,q3) Indistinguishable Pairs: {q0} {q1, q2,q3} {q4}

11 Example q0 q1 q2 q3 q4 0 0 0 0 0,1 1 1 1 1 01,2,34 0,11 0


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