1. SpreadsheetML Basics

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3. Objectives
This module covers the core concepts used in SpreadsheetML documents:
Workbook Architecture
Rows, columns, values
Formulas
SpreadsheetML design goals
Strings: inline strings, shared strings, rich text
Tables

4. SpreadsheetML Workbook properties styles sharedStrings calcChain
sheet1..N
sheet1..N
sheet1..N
sheet1..N
Explain the contents of these parts.
table
chart
sheet1..N
sheet1..N
sheet1..N
drawing

5. The minimal XLSX Required: workbook.xml, the document “start part”
Required: at least one sheet, worksheet.xml
Required: one relationship part (.rels)
Must be in a _rels folder
Required: [Content_Types].xml
Required part for all Open XML documents
Three content types must be defined:
SpreadsheetML main document (for the start part)
Worksheet
Package relationships (for the required relationships)
Everything else is optional
Worksheet <sheetdata> is required, but may be empty

6. Minimal Workbook/Worksheet
workbook.xml:
<workbook>
<sheets>
<sheet name="Sheet1" sheetId="1" r:id="rId1"/>
</sheets>
</workbook>
sheet1.xml:
<worksheet>
<sheetData/>
</worksheet>
relationship

7. Cell Table: <sheetData> element
Row
Cell
Shared formulas
Strings
Values
Reference attribute
Style index
Cell data type
DEMO

8. Worksheet Part – Main Sections
Sheet properties (everything before sheetData)
Viewing: selected tab, active cell, etc.
Print options: orientation, resolution, page margins, etc.
Miscellaneous: default row height, sheet protection, etc.
The cell table (sheetData, empty if not a worksheet)
Row, cells, values, strings (shared-strings indexes), formulas

9. Sample Sheet =‘C:\[ExternalBook.xlsx]Sheet1’!$A$1
Notice that cells A2 and A3 contain text. Cell B1 contains a formula linking to another workbook, whose value is '1'. Cell B2 contains a formula as well, which also appears in the formula bar (top of picture) because it is the active cell. Cells D5:H5 contain bold-faced text which serves as headers for the table of data residing in D6:H11. The table of data has a filter feature applied to it (evidenced by drop down arrows in the header row), and columns G and H have different types of conditional formatting applied. Finally, cells D13:H14 are part of a merged cell feature, where a series of cells behave together as a single, larger cell.

10. mergeCells
Store cell data (value, formatting, formula, etc) in top left cell

11. Formulas: example <row> <c> <v>1</v>
<f>SUM(A1:A3)</f>
DEMO

12. SpreadsheetML Design Goal: Performance
SpreadsheetML has been optimized in many ways, based on analysis of real-world spreadsheet usage patterns:
Small tag size (often a single character)
Shared strings
Shared formulas
Sparse table markup allowed
Optional r=“A1” attribute for faster loading
DEMO
DEMO

13. Strings

14. Strings in SpreadsheetML
Two ways a string can be stored:
Inline strings
Provided for ease of translation/conversion
Useful in XSLT scenarios
Excel and other consumers may convert to shared strings
An entry in the shared-strings table
May be either a simple string or formatted text
These approaches may be mixed/combined

15. Inline Strings
Inline string support provides a very simple mechanism for programmatically populating a worksheet
Especially useful in XSLT scenarios
Excel 2007 converts to shared strings on save
If you’re consuming Open XML documents, you must handle both cases: inline strings and/or shared strings
To convert our shared-strings example to inline strings, just replace sheetdata:
Also deleted the sharedStrings.xml part and the relationship to it.
<sheetData>
<row><c t="inlineStr"><is><t>Paris</t></is></c></row>
<row><c t="inlineStr"><is><t>Seattle</t></is></c></row>
<row><c t="inlineStr"><is><t>London</t></is></c></row>
<row><c t="inlineStr"><is><t>Copenhagen</t></is></c></row>
</sheetData>

16. Shared Strings
By default, strings are stored in a shared-strings part:
Each unique string is stored once
Cells store the index (0-based) of the string
This design is based on analysis of typical spreadsheet contents: highly repetitive strings are very common
Benefits:
Users: reduced file size, improved performance
Developers: all strings are in one part, simplifying search, localization, and other common string-handling objectives

17. Shared Strings: example
Worksheet contents: sharedStrings.xml contents:
6 string references, 4 unique strings
<sst xmlns="..." count="6" uniqueCount="4">
<si>
<t>Paris</t>
</si>
<t>Seattle</t>
<t>London</t>
<t>Copenhagen</t>
</sst>
Paris = string 0
Count and uniquecount are optional.
<row r="1" spans="1:1">
<c r="A1" t="s">
<v>0</v>
</c>
</row>

18. Rich Text Strings Stored in sharedStrings.xml
<sst xmlns=“…" count="1" uniqueCount="1">
<si>
<r>
<t xml:space="preserve">This cell contains </t>
</r>
<rPr>
<b/>
<sz val="11"/>
<color theme="1"/>
<rFont val="Calibri"/>
<family val="2"/>
<scheme val="minor"/>
</rPr>
<t>bold</t>
<t xml:space="preserve"> and </t>
<i/>
<sz val="11"/><color theme="1"/>
<t>italics</t>
<t xml:space="preserve"> text.</t>
</si>
</sst>
Stored in sharedStrings.xml
One entry for the entire cell
Note run properties <rPr>
Cell refers to string 0:
Excel adds rich-text properties to all runs after the first one, including runs that are reverting back to the default (such as the words “and” and “text” in this example), but you don’t have to do that in your code.
Note that the same markup you generate for a runs in paragraphs of a WordprocessingML document can be used for runs in cells of a SpreadsheetML document.
<row r="1" spans="1:1">
<c r="A1" t="s">
<v>0</v>
</c>
</row>

19. Tables

20. SpreadsheetML Tables
SpreadsheetML tables provide structure and formatting for worksheet information
Separation of presentation and data:
Data stays in the worksheet
Table definition in separate part (implicit relationship)
Open XML has different types of tables for each document type, optimized for different scenarios:
WordprocessingML has its tbl element
SpreadsheetML has its table element
PresentationML uses DrawingML tables (tbl inside graphicData)

21. SpreadsheetML Table: simple example
Worksheet (sheet1.xml)
<sheetData>
<row r="1" spans="1:2">
<c r="A1" t="s"><v>0</v></c>
<c r="B1" t="s"><v>1</v></c>
</row>
<row r="2" spans="1:2">
<c r="A2"><v>1</v></c>
<c r="B2"><v>4</v></c>
<row r="3" spans="1:2">
<c r="A3"><v>2</v></c>
<c r="B3"><v>5</v></c>
<row r="4" spans="1:2">
<c r="A4"><v>3</v></c>
<c r="B4"><v>6</v></c>
</sheetData>
...
<tableParts count="1">
<tablePart r:id="rId2"/>
</tableParts>
Headings = shared strings
Data remains in sheetData
Table definition (table1.xml)
<table … ref="A1:B4” …>
<autoFilter ref="A1:B4”/>
<tableColumns count="2">
<tableColumn id="1" name="Column1" />
<tableColumn id="2" name="Column2" />
</tableColumns>
<tableStyleInfo …/>
</table>
Revise demo to use inline strings.
DEMO

22. Typical Tables Table #1 Table #2 Table #3 Header Row No Header Row
(merged cells)
Totals Row
No Totals Row
Table #3
Header Row
No Totals Row

23. Table #1

24. Table #2

25. Table #3

26. autoFilter definition
Specify range of cells, and filtering options are dynamically generated from the data
Also can define custom filters based on operators (lessThan, lessThanOrEqual, equal, greaterThan, greaterThanOrEqual)
<worksheet>
<sheetData/>
<autoFilter ref=“A1:D10”/>
</worksheet>
Autofilters: use tables, which have them built in, unless you need Excel 2003 compatibility, then use autofilters on a spreadsheet.
<autoFilter ref=“A1:D10”>
<filterColumn colId=“0”>
<customFilters and=“1”>
<customFilter operator=“greaterThan” val=“0”/>
<customFilter operator=“lessThan” val=“0.5”/>
</customFilters>
</filterColumn>
</autoFilter>
DEMO