1. 1 Accessibility Research CSE 590W Spring 2009 Richard Ladner University of Washington

2. 2 Computer Scientists TV Raman Christian Vogler

3. 3 Computer Scientists Chieko Asakawa IBM Japan Hideji Nagaoka Tsukuba U. of Tech

4. 4 Engineer Iraq War Veteran Jonathan Kuniholm

5. 5 Geerat Vermeij Geerat Vermeij, Ph.D. Evolutionary Biologist

6. 6 Steven Hawking

7. 7 5 Sangyun Hahn Ph.D. Student CSE Zach Lattin Math Major UW Students

8. 8 The Message People with disabilities can do almost anything in almost any scientific field. People with disabilities are often highly motivated to pursue careers in accessibility research.

9. 9 What We’ll Do Today Models of Disability Data History – Disability and HCI Accessibility Research at UW Discussion

10. 10 Models of Disability Medical Model –Disabled people are patients who need treatment and/or cure. Rehabilitation Model –Disabled people need assistive technology for employment and everyday life. Legal Model –Disabled people are citizens who have rights and responsibilities like other citizens. Accessibility to public buildings and spaces, voting, television, and telephone are some of those rights. Social Model –Disabled people are part of the diversity of life, not necessarily in need of treatment and cure. They do need access when possible.

11. 11 Technology Prosthesis –Augmentation to restore lost function. Call it a “cure.” Assistive technology –Popular in rehabilitation literature. Emphasis on the need for assistance. Access technology –Allows an activity that would be difficult to impossible to achieve without it. Emphasis not on restoring function, but on achieving an end goal by whatever means possible. –Examples: Screen readers, video phones, wheel chairs

12. 12 What We’ll Do Today Models of Disability Data History – Disability and HCI Accessibility Research at UW Discussion

13. 13 Basic Data 16% of US population to ages 15 to 64 is disabled. 10% of the workforce is disabled 5% of the STEM workforce is disabled 1% of PhDs in STEM are disabled

14. 14 Demographics General Population Source: U.S. Census Bureau, Survey of Income and Program Participation, 2002

15. 15 Demographics Ages 14-21 SOURCE: U.S. Department of Education, Office of Special Education Programs, www.ideadata.org

16. 16 What We’ll Do Today Models of Disability Data History – Disability and HCI Accessibility Research at UW Discussion

17. 17 CHI “Disability” Search YearNumber 1982 – 85 0 1986 – 9010 (4%) 1990 – 9515 (5%) 1996 – 00 20 (6%) 2001 – 05 90 (23%) 2006 – 08 71 (17%) (3 years)

18. 18 Earliest CHI Papers - 1987 “A case example of human factors in product definition: needs finding for a voice output workstation for the blind” –Richard M. Kane, Matthew Yuschik “A user interface for deaf-blind people” –Richard Ladner, Randy Day, Dennis Gentry, Karin Meyer, Scott Rose “Towards universality of access: interfacing physically disabled students to the Icon educational microcomputer” –Gerbrand Verburg, Debbie Field, Francois St. Pierre, Stephen Naumann

19. 19 Other Conferences ASSETS –ACM ICCHP –Europe CSUN –Cal State Northridge ATIA –Industry Conference W4A –Collocated with WWW

20. 20 What We’ll Do Today Models of Disability Data History – Disability and HCI Accessibility Research at UW Discussion

21. 21 UW Faculty Involvement Richard Ladner (CSE) Dan Weld (CSE) James Landay (CSE) Gaetano Borriello (CSE) Yoky Matsuoka (CSE) Jake Wobbrock (Information School) Eve Riskin (EE) Mari Ostendorf (EE) Jeff Bilmes (EE) Julie Kientz (ISchool and TC) Shwetak Patel (CSE,EE)

22. 22 UW Research Students with Disabilities Shawn Kane* Sangyun Hahn* Zack Lattin* Lindsay Yazzolino* Stewart Olsen* Matt Starn Jason Schwebke Annemarie Poginy* Tim Shockley* Jessie Shulman * Andy Martin* Barbara Wagreich* *Co-authors

23. 23 VoiceDraw Susumu Harada, Jeff Bilmes, James Landay 2007-8 National Scholar Award for Workplace Innovation & Design, 2 nd place

24. 24 WebAnywhere Jeff Bigham - Andrew W. Mellon Foundation Award for Technology Collaboration (2008) - Microsoft Imagine Cup Accessible Technology Award (2008) - W4A Accessibility Challenge Delegate’s Award (2008)

25. 25 Supple Krzysztof Z Gajos, Jacob O. Wobbrock and Daniel S. Weld. CHI 2008 Best Paper Award

26. 26 ANATOMICALLY CORRECT TESTBED ROBOTIC HAND Yoky Matsuoka MacArthur Foundation Award 2007

27. 27 Other Centers of Excellence University of Wisconsin –TRACE Center Carnegie Mellon University / University of Pittsburgh –Quality of Life Center Georgia Institute of Technology University of Colorado MIT

28. 28 What We’ll Do Today Models of Disability Data History – Disability and HCI Accessibility Research at UW Discussion

29. 29 Concepts in HCI User Centered Design –Involve the user at every step Universal Design –Design for all users, if possible Design for User Empowerment –Design to enable people to solve their own accessibility problems, if possible

30. 30 Lab vs. Field Studies Lab + Log every event, maybe even mental activity + Control the variables + Same tasks - Limited time - Applicability may be suspect Field + Log many events, but not all + Unlimited time + Applicability assured -Different tasks -User logging might be inaccurate

31. 31 Challenges Fitts’ Law for blind people –Original Fitts’ law is actual a psycho-visual- motor law not just a psycho-motor law as claimed. –Could lead to a better screen reader? Purpose of Research –Publication? –Dissemination and Deployment?

32. 32 Collaboration Meaningful Access Technology Consumers Researchers Industry