Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presentation is loading. Please wait.

Presenter Đỗ Thị Diệu Nguyễn Thị Tường Vi. Content 1.Present and futurePresent and future 2.PastPast 3.ExercisesExercises.

Similar presentations


Presentation on theme: "Presenter Đỗ Thị Diệu Nguyễn Thị Tường Vi. Content 1.Present and futurePresent and future 2.PastPast 3.ExercisesExercises."— Presentation transcript:

1 Presenter Đỗ Thị Diệu Nguyễn Thị Tường Vi

2 Content 1.Present and futurePresent and future 2.PastPast 3.ExercisesExercises

3 MODEL AUXILIARIES: PRESENT AND FUTURE 1.ABILITY: Can and Be able to -Can: ability Ex: I can swim. -Be able to is used in situations where can does not have the necessary grammatical form. Ex: I’d like to be able to swim.

4 2. CERTAINTY and UNCERTAINTY: -Must and can’t: make deductions, when we are more and less certain about something. Ex: You must be tired after your journey.(I suppose you are) That can’t be Sue. She’s in Brazil. (I’m sure it’s impossible) -May and might: express uncertainty or possibility. Might is less likely than may. Ex: It may not rain. I might go out. I don’t know. -Be bound to: refers to the future, whereas must refers to the present. Ex: You’re bound to see Paula if you go there. You must see Paula if you go there.

5 3.OBLIGATION: -Must and have to: +Have to: describes obligations made by someone else. Ex: you have to turn left here. (It’s the law) +Must: a personal obligation. Ex: You must start working harder! ( I say so) -Mustn’t and don’t have to: +Mustn’t: describes something which is not allowed. Ex: You mustn’t leaves any bags here. (It’s against the rules) +Don’t have to: something which is not necessary. Ex: You don’t have to apply yet. (It’s not necessary) -S-Should and ought to: have the same meaning; describe ‘what is good idea’ and can be used to give advice, or polite instructions. Ex: I think you should see a doctor. You ought not to continue.

6 - Should: describes actions we expected to happen. Ex: Brenda should be home by now. (She is expected to be) -Had better: refers present or future time and give advice how to stop something going wrong. Ex: I think you’d better leave now. (before it’s too late) You’d better not drive. (It’ might be dangerous) -Is/ Are to: used in formal instructions. Ex: No-one is to leave the room. You are not to leave the room.

7 MODAL AUXILIARIES: PAST 1. ABILITY - Could: describes past ability Ex: When I was young, I could run very fast. - Could and Was able to Was able to describes the ability to successfully complete an action Ex: Mary was able to help us. (She actually helped us) Mary could help us. (But perhaps she didn’t)

8 2. CERTAINTY and UNCERTAINTY -Must have and Can’t have: used to make deductions about past actions.The “have” form does not change. Ex: I must have left my wallet in the car. (I am sure I did). Jim can’t have noticed you.(I am sure he didn’t). - May have, Might have and Could have: express possibility or uncertainty about past actions.The “have” form does not change. Ex: Jean might have missed the train. (Perhaps she did) He may not have received the letter. (Perhaps he didn’t) You could have been killed!(It was a possibility) - Was/Were to be: describes something which was supposed to happen, but didn’t. It is formal in use. The “have” form does not change. Ex: He was to have left yesterday. (He was supposed to leave, but he didn’t)

9 3. OBLIGATION - Had to Had to is generally used as the past form of must Ex: Sorry I’m late, I had to take the children to school. The question form is Did you have to? Ex: Did you have to work late yesterday? - Should have or Ought to have These express the speaker’s feeling that a mistake was made. The “have” form does not change. Ex: You should have posted the letter yesterday. (You made a mistake) You shouldn’t have told me the answer. (You were wrong) - Needn’t have or Didn’t need to Needn’t have describes an action which happened, but was unnecessary. The “have” form does not change. Ex: I needn’t have bought more sugar. (I did, but we have enough) I didn’t need to buy more sugar. (I didn’t, because we had enough)

10 EXERCISE 1.Exercise 1Exercise 1 2.Exercise 2Exercise 2 3.Exercise 3Exercise 3 4.Exercise 4Exercise 4


Download ppt "Presenter Đỗ Thị Diệu Nguyễn Thị Tường Vi. Content 1.Present and futurePresent and future 2.PastPast 3.ExercisesExercises."

Similar presentations


Ads by Google