1. 1 Use the Data!  Fisheries  Natural Hazards Near Term (Storm Surge) Long Term (Sea Level Variability)  Weather and Climate  Marine Operations  Public Health  Marine Ecosystems  Marine Resources

2. 2 Implementation  Deployments  Float Provider  Participate in the Donor Program  Coordinate Access to Operations in EEZs UNCLOS  Logistics at Embarkation Points  WMO Information System (WIS)  Education (K – 12)

3. 3 Exeter

4. 4

5. 5

6. 6 EEZs/Law of the Sea/”Operational Oceanography”

7. 7

8. 8 Courtesy of Howard Freeland

9. 9 IOC/ABE-LOS I.Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission’s Advisory Body of Experts on the Law of the Sea II.Composed of both marine scientists and law of the sea experts III.Seventh annual meeting in Gabon March 2007

10. 10 ABE-LOS TASK (1) I.Draft legal framework for the collection of oceanographic data, within the context of the Law of the Sea (LOS) Convention (IOC Assembly Resolution XXII-12 (2003)) (IOC Assembly Resolution XXII-12 (2003))

11. 11 ABE-LOS TASK (2) I.Develop practical guidelines for Deployment of floats on high seas that may drift into EEZsDeployment of floats on high seas that may drift into EEZs Deployment of floats and surface drifting buoys in EEZsDeployment of floats and surface drifting buoys in EEZs Deployment of XBTs by ships of opportunity in EEZsDeployment of XBTs by ships of opportunity in EEZs (IOC Assembly Resolution XXIII-8 (2005))

12. 12 Meteorological Data I.- UNCLOS III decided collection of marine meteorological data is not MSR II.- Analogous is routine collection of ocean observations distributed freely and openly, and used for monitoring and forecasting ocean state, weather (meteorology) and climate

13. 13 OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY PROGRAMS I.All have same characteristics: II.Sustained, systematic, reliable and robust mission activities with institutional commitment to deliver appropriate, cost-effective products and services

14. 14 MSR v. OTHER FORMS OF MARINE DATA COLLECTION I.Although the means of data collection are often the same (and may appear indistinguishable from MSR), it is the intended use to which the data is to be put that distinguishes MSR from surveys, operational oceanography, and exploration/exploitation of resources

15. 15 SUMMARY I.- Not all methods of collection of data about the oceans is MSR regulated by Part XIII II.- Lack of agreed definitions results in differences of views on the legal regimes governing particular forms of marine data collection: MSR – Surveys – Operational Oceanography – Exploration and exploitation of resourcesMSR – Surveys – Operational Oceanography – Exploration and exploitation of resources III.- Understanding and clarification needed

16. 16 OPERATIONAL OCEANOGRAPHY I.- Not mentioned in LOS Convention II.- Routine collection of standard data sets Temperature, pressure, currents, salinity, windTemperature, pressure, currents, salinity, wind Atmosphere, air-sea interface, oceansAtmosphere, air-sea interface, oceans III.- Monitoring and Forecasting Ocean state estimationOcean state estimation Weather - MeteorologyWeather - Meteorology Climate predictionClimate prediction IV.- Near real time transmission, near real time availability to public

17. 17 Benin Mr. George Degbe Representative de Benin Gabon Dr Pierre MAGANGA DGDM / Ministry of Foreign Affairs, Cooperation, Francophony and Regional Integration Libreville Kenya Dr Johnson M. KAZUNGU Kenya Marine & Fisheries Research Institute Mombasa Morocco/Maroc Prof. Mohammed MONCEF Université Chouaïb Doukkali El Jadida

18. 18 Republic of Congo/République du Congo H.E. Louis Marie NOMBO-MAVOUNGOU Mr Jean Claude MOUNGONDO-NSI MBA Mr Alain Claver BATCHY Mr Pierre Claver MBOUITI Ministre des Transports Maritimes et de la Marine Marchande Brazzaville Mr Jean Felix MOUTHOUD-TCHIKAYA Direction Générale de la Marine Marchande Pointe Noire Mr Jules NGOMA Ministère des Transports Maritimes et de la Marine Marchande Pointe Noire Senegal/Sénégal Mme Marième Diagne TALLA Ministère de l’Economie Maritime et des Transports Maritimes Internationales Dr Birane SAMB Centre de recherches océanographiques de Dakar Thiaroye Dakar

19. 19 Togo Dr Adoté Blim BLIVI Université de Lomé Tunisia/Tunisie Prof. Chérif SAMMARI Institut National des Sciences et Technologies de la Mer Salammbô United Republic of Tanzania/République-unie de Tanzanie Dr A.M. DUBI University of Dar es Salaam Zanzibar

20. 20 Upper Ocean Cooling

21. 21 Global-scale variability in 2004 – 2006. Global T av : 0 – 1000m The 2004 – 2006 global “cooling” is partly due to tropical interannual variability and partly due to isopycnal shoaling in the Atlantic thermocline. ΔT: 0 – 100m ΔT: 400 – 500m T: xy av

22. 22 Gliders for the Edges of the Argo Array Although slow moving, can maintain arrays in boundary currents and other localized features

23. 23 August 2003 Glider Tracks 0-400m 0-200m

24. 24 Scale and Handling

25. 25

26. 26