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Published byLance Patman Modified over 10 years ago
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Verbs + el infinitive
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Infinitives verbs that are not conjugated end in –ar, -er, or -ir
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Some verbs are followed by a preposition + an infinitive prepositions are ALWAYS followed by the infinitive
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Common prepositions: con—with de—of, from a—to por, para—for en—in, on
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Common expressions with prepositions: tratar de—try to aprender a—learn to ayudar a—help dejar de—stop soñar con—dream about
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Common expressions with prepositions: comenzar a—start to insistir en—insist on
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Remember: You can follow a conjugated verb by an infinitive Debes hacer la tarea. You should do the homework. Pienso ir al cine. I’m planning to go to the movies
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If a verb is normally followed by the subjunctive, but DOESN’T have a “que” you must use the infinitive Quiero salir contigo esta noche. I want to go out with you tonight.
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Subjunctive with will or wish UWIERDO
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If you speak about what you wish or will someone to do… use the subjunctive Mis amigos insisten en que yo vaya a la escuela My friends insist that I go to school.
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Verbs of wish and will esperar que—to hope that querer que—to wish, to want that desear que—to desire that insistir en que—to insist that necesitar—to need that
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Verbs of wish and will decir que—to tell someone to pedir que—to ask someone to mandar que—to demand that
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Verbs of wish and will exigir que—to demand that
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If there is no “que”… do NOT use the subjunctive Quiero visitar a mis amigos. I want to visit my friends.
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If there is no change of subject… do NOT use the subjunctive Yo necesito encontrar mi libro. I need to find my book.
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Subjunctive with negation or denial UWIERDO
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To negate or deny something… use the subjunctive No es verdad que haya un examen hoy. It’s not true that there’s an exam today.
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Verbs of negation or denial No es verdad que—it’s not true that No creo que—I don’t think that No es cierto que—It’s not true that
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Verbs of negation or denial negar que—to deny that no estar de acuerdo que—to not agree that
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No negation, no subjunctive! es verdad que + indicative creo que + indicative es cierto que + indicative es verdad que hay un examen hoy.
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Future tense
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Formation of future tense keep infinitive add endings é ás á emos án
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Example: hablar hablaré hablarás hablará hablaremos hablarán
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-ar, -er, and –ir verbs… all have the same endings!
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Irregular stems: caber—cabr- decir—dir haber— habr- hacer--har poder—podr- saber—sabr- salir—saldr- tener—tendr-
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Irregular stems: valer—valdr- venir— vendr-
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Future tense can also express probability Tendremos mucha tarea esta noche. We will (probably) have a lot of homework tonight.
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Future of estar + gerundio also expresses probability Los niños estarán comiendo el desayundo. The children will probably be eating breakfast.
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Conditional tense
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The conditional is used to… say what you “would” do or “could” do
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Formation of condtional tense keep infinitive add endings—¡déjà vu! ía ías ía íamos ían
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Example: hablar hablaría hablarías hablaría hablaríamos hablarían
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-ar, -er, and –ir verbs… all have the same endings! Déjà vu!
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Irregular stems: caber—cabr- decir—dir haber— habre hacer--har poder—podr- saber—sabr- salir—saldr- tener—tendr-
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Irregular stems: Valer—valdr- Venir— vendr-
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The following expressions are often used with the conditional…. Si yo fuera…+ conditional Si tú fueras…+ conditional Si yo tuviera…+ conditional Si tú tuvieras… + conditional Si yo pudiera…+ conditional Si tú pudieras + conditional
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The following expressions are often used with the conditional…. Si yo fuera el presidente, yo viviría en la Casa Blanca. If I were the president, I would live in the White House
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