1. Support to Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Universal Access to Water Supply and Sanitation for Urban Poor 1 PAS Project

2. Need for Universal Access to WSS for Poor  Poor level of WSS services available in slums/poor area in many cities  Lack of citywide approach in past programme  Recent policy/programme focus on housing require massive funds  Access to services constrained by land tenure issues

3. Approach towards Universal Access to WSS in Ahmedabad Develop Slum/Poor area Information System Review Policies and programmes provision to improve access for the poor Develop Strategy for Universal Access to WSS for Poor

4. City Profile Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation in 2006  Population – 3.5 million (Census 2001)  Area – 190 sq. km  Density - 183 person per hectare  No. of admin zones – 5  No. of wards – 43 Extended Boundary AMC (2007)  Population – 4.9 million  Area – 466 sq. km  Density - 105 person per hectare  No. of admin zones – 6  No. of wards – 64

5. Magnitude of Slums in Ahmedabad Type of dwelling No. of locations No. of housePopulation Slums7101,76,7548,83,770 Chawls9581,49,0227,45,110 Old AMC16683,25,77616,28,888 Source: AMC-NGO Survey, 2001 AMC population (in million) Slum population (in million) Share of slum population (%) 4.91.7836 Source: AMC, 2007 Extended Area8233,8491,52,468 AMC - Total17503,59,62517,81,348 Source: AMC, 2006

6. Household Level Services TotalSlumChawl No. of houses 325 176149 Water connection 197 94103 Individual toilet 143 6084 Nos. in ‘thousands 61% households have individual water connection 44% households have individual toilet facility Water ConnectionToilet Facility Source: AMC-NGO Survey, 2001

7. Review of Ongoing Scheme For Individual Services Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation Scheme: 90:10 individual toilet scheme (Mid 1990s) Slum Networking Project (1996) 40 sq. m No Objection Certificate (NOC) Scheme for water and drainage connection (2002) State Government Scheme Urban Sanitation Programme (2005-06) Nirmal Gujarat Sanitation Programme (2008)

8. AMC’s Initiative for Slum Up gradation before RAY 1971 1981 1991 Present 2001 Slum Survey (1974) Slum Census carried out in 1976 Family card was issued to all the slum dwellers No. of pockets-1200 No. of huts-82,177 Resolution: All the slum dwellers are eligible for legal individual services Resolution Later on AMC has taken 1976 slum census as cut off date, hence, eligible for alternative provision in case of eviction Toilet Scheme (1980-81) 80:20 Individual Toilet scheme was introduced State/AMC’s contribution was 80% and 20% was beneficiaries’ contribution Scheme reaches to approx. 3,000 families in slums over 10 years due to rigid specification and complex procedure Individual Toilets scheme (1990) 80:20 scheme was modified and introduced 90:10 scheme AMC’s and beneficiaries’ contribution was 90% and 10% Scheme reached approx. 14,000 families till date Slum Networking Project (1996) Objective: Integrate slums with city and city infrastructure Main Component: Physical infrastructure, land tenure for 10 years, community development etc. Scheme reaches to 47 slums with 10,000 families over 13 years Won Dubai International Award AMC-NGO Slum Survey (2001) Pocket level survey carried out for all slums Service level: Water connections: 35% and Toilet: 34% in slums NOC Scheme (2002) To reach slums where services not provided till date under any programme/scheme (High Court order) Unique scheme to overcome the issue of tenure and ownership Nirmal Gujarat Sanitation Programme & USP (2006 onwards) With the goal of becoming open defecation free city, this scheme was introduced by State under urban year and Nirmal Gujarat Approx. 45,000 individual toilets have been constructed in last 6 yrs Biometric and Total station Slum Survey (2009) Carry out citywide household level biometric and total station survey for all slums (JnNURM reform)

9. Process Mapping–Water Connection NOC to get legal water, drainage and electricity connections. This construction is not deemed legal or its occupant does not get any legal authorisation when No Objection Certificate is issued Material and labour cost to be borne by beneficiaries Proof: Copy of 7/12 as a proof for land ownership or copy of property card to verify whether land is private or government land. Or the applicant should have residence proof like ration card, property tax payment receipt, voter I.D., or electricity bill Barrier: Scheme is not implemented on public land Proof: NOC Certificate has to be produced to get water & drainage connection If drainage connection is there one can apply directly for individual water connection For getting water connection applicant has to submit drainage connection pay receipt

10. Process Mapping–Toilet Scheme Proof: (i) Copy of ration card or a tax receipt, (ii) a sewage receipt, and (iii) photo of the household member who is the official beneficiary along with application fee of Rs.50 Barrier: Scheme may only be implemented if the resident can prove legal ownership of the house. Ration card is used to prove the ownership of house. (Election card or electricity bill is not considered as a proof of ownership) Technical supervisor explains the design of toilet to the beneficiaries which is mentioned in the work order High Risk: Initial investment to be borne by beneficiaries; Rigid specifications to be followed. If beneficiaries fails to follow the specifications, s/he does not get the pay order. AMC has not revised the contribution cost of Rs. 2894 since many years; hence this scheme became 40:60 instead of 90:10 w.r.t. to existing cost of construction

11. PAS Project 11 Infrastructure in Slums

12. 12

13. Internal Network Available No Network Available

14. Support to AMC under PAS Project Developing a detailed and integrated information base on sum settlements to pull together and validate information from various departments and surveys on a GIS platform Develop a few options for development of infrastructure services for different categories of slum settlements Assist AMC to develop a citywide strategy for universal access to individual water and sanitation services particularly, with a focus on appropriate financing and implementation mechanisms

15. Updating of database of slums PAS staff works closely with various department of AMC to update the information about slums Compilation of slum data from various departments of Corporation (e.g. location of slum w.r.t. FP/TP, road cutting or reserved land, etc from TDO & Estate department; data on access to toilets from Health Department ) Identification of slums location Providing technical support in Biometric and Socio-economic survey, carried out by AMC The aim is to evolve an effective information system, which can help in decision-making Support to AMC under PAS Project

16. Mapping of slums: Location of 1,668 slums and chawls on GIS map Prepare various layers of land use map of AMC on GIS Prepare a map of location of closed textile mills, reserved land for EWS Support to AMC under PAS Project

17. Location of slums w.r.t. land use of city Identification of slums that need to be relocated Slum pockets located on high land price Land bank identification GIS based Slum Information System Tools for Decision Making  Helps in policy decisions and effective planning; ranging from a single slum settlement to the entire city  Identify the slums under different various slum redevelopment model  Decision-making in infrastructure planning and implementation  Allows the inter-departmental linkages and regular updating of slum database

18. Conceptual Framework for Slum MIS City Level Slum Information System

19. Conceptual Framework for Slum MIS Household Level Slum Information System

20. Approach to Planning for Slums Service Provision Goal: Achieve universal coverage of Individual water connection and toilet facilities in slums of Ahmedabad. Swarnim Gujarat Goals (2010): Pure Drinking Water for All Open Defecation Free City Assess number of slum households that need services Identify slums to be relocated Identify slums to be redeveloped under PPP Balance to be provided on-site services 20

21. Strategic Considerations  Finance does not seem to be a major issue in Ahmedabad  Existing programmes of AMC are beset with many requirements that cause delays  Amend existing schemes:  Tenure guarantee requirement in SNP  Use of item rate contracts for toilets under 90:10  Introduce internal infrastructure (water and sewerage in slums) schemes  Address issues related to contractors willing to work in slums

22. Thank You Special Thanks To Ahmedabad Municipal Corporation