1. Government Review Distribution of Power and Citizen Participation

2. Topic: Which to choose? Oligarchy Autocratic Democracy Federation
As a review, write down what you remember for the following:
Oligarchy
Autocratic
Democracy
Federation
Confederation
Unitary

3. Unitary One central Authority Controls EVERYTHING!!!
Power is not shared between states, counties, provinces
The central Authority (CA) can give power to a legislature….and then take it away
CA Assigns powers to areas
CA can choose the governor or mayor

4. Countries with Unitary forms of Governments (2014)

5. Unitary Government Unitary System
Regional
Authority
Regional
Authority
Central Authority
Regional
Authority
Regional
Authority

6. Confederation Voluntary, and has a weak central government.
Very little power because members must agree on decisions that are made.
Decisions made may not be actual laws, unless the majority agree.
They are not common in the 21st century.
There’s no true way to enforce laws.
Some Examples:
United States (1777 – 1778
Iroquois League
Switzerland
OPEC EU

7. Confederation Regional Regional Regional Regional Central Authority

8. Federation
Power is divided between both the Central and Regional (states) authorities
Usually a Constitution describes the duties of both authorities.
Powerful Central but their power is limited
Can’t dissolve states or choose leaders of states
Many countries use it to distribute the power

9. Countries considered to have a Federal Government

10. Federation Federal Government Federal System
Regional
Authority
Regional
Authority
Central Authority
Regional
Authority
Regional
Authority

11. Oligarchy “Ruled by a Few”
Country or nation controlled by a small group of people
Average person has little say or right in the government
Decisions can be made quickly
Poor/selfish decisions made by leaders can work against other citizens well being
Examples:
South Africa (during much of the 20th century)
Communist China

12. Autocracy “Self Rule” Single ruler with unlimited power
Decisions can be made quickly
Needs of people can be ignored though
Two types of Autocracies:
Monarch
Dictatorship
Examples of Dictators:
Adolf Hitler
Joseph Stalin

13. Monarch Dictatorship Usually the Leader is BORN into it.
King, Queens, Emperors are examples
No or few legal restraints = Absolute
Formally Limited = Constitutional
Inherited = Hereditary
System of voting = Elective
Usually the Leader takes the power by force
Most times they have a military background
Typically have a strong military/police force
Refuses to give choice to people because they are viewed as incompetent

15. Democracy Two Types: Presidential Parliamentary “Led by the People”
Country or Nation that receives its power from the people
ALL people have an opportunity to vote and are involved in the decision making
ALL people have an opportunity to lead
Slow to make decisions
Not all information that is given is correct or whole

17. Theocracy Typically an autocratic or oligarchic government
Current Examples:
Vatican City
Iran
Sikyong (Tibetan Parliament)
Typically an autocratic or oligarchic government
One or more religious leaders control the government
Religious beliefs influence laws and rules
Leader is believed to have a direct person connection with the divinity
Ancient Examples:
China
Byzantine Empire
Early Israel
Ancient Egypt

18. Parliamentary Voters elect members to the Parliament (legislature)
Parliament (legislature) has two Houses:
House of Commons: The Political Party with the most votes in the House of Commons chooses the Prime Minister. The Prime Minister is the government’s leader who has no set length of term.
House of Lords: Little power with most members being nobles who have inherited their titles

19. Government Review Parliamentary vs. Presidential Democracy

20. Prime minister (leader/chief of state), is elected by the legislature, NOT by the people
Executive power is held by members of the legislature;
executive + legislative = one branch of government
Head of state has a ceremonial role,
Chief of state usually has the power
Examples: Israel, Zimbabwe, Japan, and Great Britain
2 separate
people

21. Presidential
The president and legislature are separate branches and powers are divided between them
President has two roles:
head of state & chief of state = ceremonial duties (role) + power
President is LIMITED to a set amount of terms they serve
Example: United States = two 4-year terms

22. Voters elect legislators Voters ALSO (indirectly) elect the president.
House of Representatives and Senate
Voters ALSO (indirectly) elect the president.
So…. in the presidential system voters have a more direct say about those who serve in two branches of the government :
Legislative
Executive

23. In Short….. Parliamentary Presidential Voters Voters Congress
(House & Senate)
Legislature
President
(Chief Executive)
Parliament
(Legislative Branch)
Prime Minister
(Executive Branch)

24. Time to Vote
Room is divided based on the two forms of government we have discussed
Parliamentary (Voters > Parliament > Prime Minister)
Presidential (Voters > Congress + President).
Each side will go through a mock election by following the Parliamentary and Presidential forms of democracy.
Parliamentary side: If you are in the Parliament you will need to divide yourself into two different ‘parties’. Whatever party then gets the most votes, they will choose out of their group who will become the prime minister
Presidential Side: On this side voters will have a ballot (or whiteboard) with multiple students who are running for office on their side. These students should make short speeches (about 1 to 2 mins long) for what they would like to change if running for president. Voters will also choose who they would want to run in the Legislative branch as well.
When the elections are over. Let’s discuss the difference and similarities between the two democracies. What did you think? Which form would you be more likely to vote in?
Now……Last thing…..TOTD

25. A – Parliamentary B – Presidential C – Both
Press 1 for the following questions:
A – Parliamentary B – Presidential C – Both
This head of state answers directly to the legislative branch because they are a part of it.
In this type of Democracy the chief executive and the head of state.
Voters elect the Legislature and Executive branches of the government.
Voters elect the Legislature, who in turn elects the Executive.
In this type of Democracy the head of state has more of a ceremonial role.
Answers to the people, and serves a set amount of terms.
Has a constitution and bicameral form of government.
Scenario: On voting day you vote for the person you want as your party’s representative. If your party has the more elected representatives they then choose to appoint their executive leader.

26. 1. This head of state answers directly to the legislative branch because they are a part of it. a. Parliamentary b. Presidential c. Both 2. In this type of Democracy the chief executive and the head of state are the same person. 3. Voters elect the Legislature and Executive branches of the government. 4. Voters elect the Legislature, who in turn elects the Executive. 5. In this type of Democracy the head of state has more of a ceremonial role. 6. Answers to the people, and serves a set amount of terms 7. Has a constitution and bicameral form of government 8. Scenario: On voting day you vote for the person you want as your party’s representative. If your party has the more elected representatives they then choose to appoint their executive leader.