1. MLA: Book: One Author Author’s last name, Author’s first name. Title of work (underlined and followed by a period). Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Format

2. MLA: Book: One Author: An Example Machalow, Robert. 101 Uses of Lotus in Libraries. Westport: Meckler, 1992. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation

3. APA: Anthology Editor's last name, Initial of first editor's name (if appropriate; if it is an anthology of a single author's work, use Author's last name, Initial of author's first name). (Ed.). (if there is an editor and not only an author) (publication date) Title of anthology (italicized and followed by a period). Place of publication: Publisher's name. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

4. APA: An Anthology An Example Blotner, J. (ed) (1972). Uncollected stories of William Faulkner. New York: Random House. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

5. APA: Article or Chapter in an Anthology Author's last name, Author's initials (publication date). Name of article. in Name of book (italicized and followed by a period). Edition (if appropriate) (pages). Place of publication: Publisher's name. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

6. APA: Article or Chapter in an Anthology An Example Adelson, Jonathan T. (1983). Freud's use of metaphor. In The psychoanalytic study of the child (17-60)..New Haven: Yale University Press, Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

7. APA: Basic APA Question Begin using the APA format by asking yourself: Is the item being cited: A book (handheld, not electronic)? A book A journal or magazine article? A journal or magazine article A piece of some sort of other media (such as a television show or movie)? A piece of some sort of other media A web resource (such as a web site, an electronic book, an electronic journal, etc.)? A web resource Other? Other Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

8. APA: Basic APA Question Begin using the APA format by asking yourself: What type of material am I citing? Is it : A book (handheld, not electronic)? A journal or magazine article? A piece of some other sort of media (such as a televisiion show)? A web resource (such as a web site, an electronic book, an electronic journal, etc.)? Other? Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

9. APA: Book: Second or Later Edition Author's last name, Author's initials (Publication date). Title of book (italicized) (edition number ed.). Place of publication: Publisher's name. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

10. APA: Book: Second or Later Edition An Example Douglass, Laura Mae (1984). The effective nurse: Leader and manager. (2nd ed.). St. Louis: Mosby. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

11. APA: Book: Single Author with More than One Book Last name, Initials (publication date). Book title (italicized and followed by a period). Place of publication: Publisher. Note: If a single author has more than one book, the name is repeated and the items are placed in order by date and then by title of works if the dates are the same.

12. APA: Book: Single Author with More than One Book An Example Machalow, R. (1991). Using Microsoft Excel. NY: Neal-Schuman Publishers. Machalow, R. (1992). 101 Uses of Lotus in Libraries. Westport, CT: Meckler. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

13. APA: Books (handheld) APA format requires different formats for different types of books: Anthologies Article or Chapter in an Anth9ology Book: Second or Later Edition Book: Single Author Book: Single Author with More than One Book Book: Handheld Book with Corporate Author Book with more than One Author (but less than six) Book with Six or More Authors Book with Six or More Authors Chapter in an Anthology Edited Book Edited Book with More than One Editor Encyclopedia Entryncyclopedia Entry Multivolume Works Short Story Translation Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

14. APA: Books (handheld) APA anthologyPA anthology APA article or chapter from an anthology APA book with corporate author APA book with one or more authors APA book with single author APA book with three or more authors APA edited book APA edited book with more then one editor APA encyclopedia entry APA book second or later edition APA book with single author with more than one book APA chapter in an anthology APA multivolume works APA short story Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

15. APA: Book with a Corporate Author Name of corporate author. (Date of publication). Title of book (italicized and followed by a period). Place of publication: Publisher's name. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Format

16. APA: Book with a Corporate Author An Example Institute for the Study of Human Problems (1975). Society and Drugs I. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, Inc. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Format

17. APA: Book with Six or More Authors Author's last name, Author's initial letter of first name Second through sixth Author’s last name, Second through sixth author’s initial letter of first names, et. al. (Publication date). Book Title (italicized and followed by a period), Place of publication: Publisher. An example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

18. APA: Book with Six or More Authors An Example Stouffer, S. A., Seve, J., Deef, G., Gooore, I., Veem, K., Worke, L., et. al. (1940). The American Soldier: Combat and Its Aftermath. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

19. APA: Chapter in an Anthology Author's last name, Author's initial of first name. (Date of publication). Chapter title. In Anthology Title (italicized) (pp. Pages). Place of publication: Publisher. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

20. APA: Chapter in an Anthology An Example Hale, Sarah Josepha (1997). Mary's Lamb. In Janet Gray. (Ed.) She Wields A Pen. (pp. 8) Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

21. APA: Chapter in an On-line Book Author's last name, Initials (Date). Chapter name In Book title (italicized) (Edition number ed, sec. section number, chap. chapter number). Retrieved retrieval date, from web address. Note: if edition, section and chapter are irrelevant, leave them out. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

22. APA: Chapter in an On-line Book An Example Lauber, John. (1983). Jane Austin: Selected bibliography. Twayne's author series. New York: G. K. Hall & Co., Retrieved 1/1/2008, from <http://galenet.galegroup.com/servlet/ Twayne/hits?r=d&o=DocTitle>. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

23. APA: Chapter in Edited Anthology Author's last name, Initial of author's first name. (Date of publication). Chapter title. In First initial of editor's first name Editor's last name (Ed.) Title of anthology (italicized and followed by a period). (pp pages). Place of publication: Publisher’s name. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

24. APA: Chapter in Edited Anthology An Example Hale, Sarah Josepha (1997). Mary's Lamb. In J. Gray (ed.) She Wields A Pen. (pp. 8). Iowa City: University of Iowa Press. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

25. APA: Conference Proceedings First editor's last name, First editor's initials Second editor's last name, Second editor's initials. (Date of conference). Title of presentation. in Name of conference Pagination (if published). Place of publication (if published), Place of publication, Publisher. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

26. APA: Conference Proceedings An Example Machalow, R. (June 1981). Library use of Lotus 1-2-3. in Computers in Libraries. Los Angeles, Ca.: Neal-Schuman. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

27. APA: Dissertation Author's last name, Initials (Date) Dissertation title (italicized and followed by a period). (Doctoral dissertaion), University name, date). Source, Source number. Retrieved from source. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

28. APA: Dissertation An Example Jurecka P (2008) Trasferrin polymorphism of common carp: link with disease resistance (Doctoral dissertation, Wageningen University, 2008) 4546. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

29. APA: ERIC Document Author's last name, Initials.(year). Document title italicized). (Report no. report number). Place of publication: Name of publishing office (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED__________) An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

30. APA: ERIC Document An Example Machalow, R. (1984). The Soap Opera: A Crash Course for Educators. Jamaica, NY. ERIC Document Reproduction Number ED257146. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

31. APA: Film Producer's last name, Producer’s first initial (Producer) & Director’s last name, Director’s first initial Director. (year released). Title of film (italicized) (Motion picture). Country of organization: movie studio. Note: Include both director and produer if both are available An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

32. APA: Film An Example Pintoff, E. 9director) (1970). The Critic (Motion Picture). US: Pintoff Productions and Crossbow Corp of America. Back to APA Choices Back to APA Choice Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

33. APA: Government Publication Name of government agency. (Date). Name of government document (italicized) (Department publication number if available). Place of publication: name of publisher. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

34. APA: Government Publication An Example United States. U.S. Department of Labor. (2008). Occupational Outlook Handbook: January, 2008. Lanham, MD: B Nernan. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

35. APA: Journal Articles Author's last name, Author's Initials Publication date). Article title. Journal title (italicized and followed by a comma), Volume number (issue number), pages. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

36. APA: Journal Articles An Example Jackson, D. (October 2008). Random Acts of Influence: personal reflections on professional generosity. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 17 (20) 2669-2670. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

37. APA: Journal Article with Two Authors First author's last name, First author's initials & Second author's last name, Second author's initials (Year of publication). Title of article. Journal title (italicized followed by a comma), Volume number (issue number), pages. Note: This format is used for up to six authors. For more than six authors, list the first six and then et.al. (followed by the date) An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

38. APA: Journal Article Multiple Authors An Example Butler, L.D., Waelde, L.C., Hastings, T.A., Chen, X., Symons, B., Marshall, J., et. al. Meditation with yoga, group therapy with hypnosis, and psychoeducation for long-term depressed mod: A randomized pilot trial. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 64 (7) 806-820. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

39. APA: Journal Article Author's last name, Author's initials (Year of publication). Article title. Title of journal (italicized followed by a comma), Volume number (issue number). An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

40. APA: Journal Article An Example Jackson, D. (Ocrober 2008). Random Acts of Influence: personal reflections on professional generosity. Journal of Clinical Nursing,17 (20) 2669-2670. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

41. APA: Journals (not electronic) The APA format requires different entries depending on the type of journal being cited: APA journal articles APA journal articles with two or more authors APA magazine articles APA newspaper articles APA newspaper article Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

42. APA: Magazine Article Author's last name, Author's first initial (Publication date). Article title. Magazine Name (italicized and followed by a comma), Volume number, Page(s). Note: Publication date is the full date for weekly magazines; for monthly magazines, use the month and year as the publicatain date. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

43. APA: Magazine Article An Example McDevitt, C. (July 21, 2006). Traffic jam among the scooter set Newsweek 17. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

44. APA: On-line The APA format requires different entries depending on the type of on-line item being cited: – Chapter in an on-line book Chapter in an on-line book – On-line article in a journal or magazine On-line article in a journal or magazine – On-line whole book On-line whole book – On-line entire website On-line entire website – On-line newspaper article On-line newspaper article – On-line scholarly article On-line scholarly article – Part of an on-line book Part of an on-line book Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

45. APA: Multivolume Works Author or editor's last name, Author or editor's first name (& if there are others). (date (s)). Title of work (italicized) (Volume Number(s) if relevant). Place of publication: Publisher's name. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats Note: If there is an editor, place (ed.) after the name.

46. APA: Multivolume Works An Example Moses, Montrose J. (1964) Representative Plays by American Dramatists. (Vols 1-3). NY: Benjamin Blom, Inc. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

47. APA: Newspaper Artiicle Author's last name, Authors initials (Date year, month day). Title of article Title of newspaper (italicized and followed by a comma), pp. Page number(s). Note: If no author is given credit, begin with the article title. For the date, use year, month day. For the page, it may be necessary to cite the section and the page. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

48. APA: Newspaper Article An Example The moral condition of California. (November1, 1851) The New York Times 1. 1. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

49. APA: On-line Article in Journal or Magazine Author's last name, Author's initials (date). Article title. Magazine title (italicized and followed by a comma), Volume Number (issue number),pages. Retrieved from web address. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

50. APA: On-line Article in Journal or Magazine An Example Alexander, F.S. (2008). The conviction of things not seen: A tribute to Hal Berman. Emory Law Journal, 57 (6) 1394-1398. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf http://web.ebscohost.com/ehost/pdf ?vid=5&hid=3&std=46e8fa5b APA Choices Back to APA or MLA

51. APA: On-line Book Author's last name, Author’s Initials. (Date). Title of book (italicized and followed by a period). Retrieved date from_____ web address. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

52. APA: On-line Book An Example Orwell, G. (1949). 1984. Retrieved 1 December 2008 Retrieved From <http://www.planetebook.com/1984.asp. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

53. APA: On-line Entire Website An Example York College CUNY (2008). Retrieved 12/1/2008. http://york.cuny.edu.http://york.cuny.edu Back to APA Choices Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

54. APA: On-line Newspaper Article Author's last name, Initials (if available) (date of paper: year, month day). Article title (followed by a period). Newspaper title (italicized and followed by a period). Retrieved date (Month day. year)from web address. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

55. APA: On-line Newspaper Article An Example 1926, November 26. Dances staged by Sammy Lee. New York Times. Retrieved January 1, 2009 from http://proquest.umi.com. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

56. APA: Online Scholarly Article Author's last name, Author's initials (date of publication). Title of work. Journal title (italicized), Volume number (issue number), pages. Retrieved date (Month day, year) from web address An example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

57. APA: Online Scholarly Article An Example Yeaton, W.H. (December 2008). The development and assessment of valid measures of service delivery to enhance inference in outcome-based research: measuring attendance in self-help group meetings. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 62 (4) 686-694. Retrieved 12/2/2008 from http://web.ebscohopst.com/ehost/detail?vtd=3&vd Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

58. APA: Other Resources APA format requires a different format for various other sources: Conference Procedings Dissertation ERIC Document Film Government Publication Interview Unpublished Work Personal Interview Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

59. APA: Part of an On-line Book Author’s last name, Author’s initial (publication date). Part name. In title of complete work (italicized and folloowed by a period). Retrieved date ()Month day, year) From web address. An example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

60. APA: Part of an On-line Book An Example Lauber, J. “ane Austin: Selected bibliography. In Twayne’s Author Series. Retrieved November 22, 2008 from http://galenet.galegroup.com/serlet/Twayne/http://galenet.galegroup.com/serlet/Twayne/ Hits?r=d&o=DocTitle. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

61. APA: Personal Interview Because a personal interview is not “recoverable data,” the APA guidelines stipulate that you list it in the text of a manuscript but that you should not put it in the reference list Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

62. APA: Short Story Author's last name, Author's initial(s) (date of publication) Title of short story followed by a period). Title of book (italicized) (pages) Place of publication: Publisher's name. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

63. APA: Short Story An Example Fitzgerald, F. S. (1960) The curious case of Benjamin Button. In Six Tales of the Jazz Age and other stories. (Pages 60-83). NY: Charles sScribner’s Saons. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

64. APA: Single Author with More than One Item Author's last name, Author's initial (date of publication). Title of work (italicized and followed by a period). Place of publication, Publisher's Name. Author's last name, Author's initial (date of publication). Title of work (italicized and followed by a period). Place of publication, Publisher's Name. With more than one item, repeat name, arranged by publication date. If the publication date is the same, arrange alphabetically by title. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

65. APA: Single Author with More than One Item An Example Machalow, R. (1991). Using Microsoft Excel. NY: Neal Schuman Publishers. Machalow, R. (1992). 101 Uses of Lotus in Libraries. Westport: Meckler. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

66. APA: Television Program Producer's last name, Producer's initials (Prod.) (Date year, moth day of broadcast). Program title (italicized).[Television broadcast]. Place of Production: Production network. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

67. APA: Television Program An Example Grobin, D. (host) (1991). American experience: LBJ DVD (Television broadcast). NY: PBS. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

68. APA: Translation Author's last name, Initials. (date). Book title (italicized) (Translator's initials translator's last name, Trans.) Place of publication: Publisher's name. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats Note: The orioginal piblication fate follows the rest of the citation if it is relevant

69. APA: Translation An Example Aleichem, S. (1991). The bloody hoax (A. Sevrin, Trans.) Bloomington and Indianapolis, Indiana University Press. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

70. APA Book with Single Author Author's last name, Author's initial letter of first name. (Publication date). Book Title (italicized and followed by a period). Place of publication: Publisher. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

71. APA Book with Single Author An Example Machalow, R. (1992). 101 Uses of Lotus in Libraries. Westport: Meckler. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

72. APA Book with Corporate Author Name of corporate author. (Date of publication). Title of Book (italicized and followed by a period). Place of publication: Publisher. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

73. APA Book with Corporate Author An Example Institute for the Study of Human Problems (1970). Society and drugs. San Francisco CA: Jossey-Bass, Inc. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

74. APA Book with More than One Author Author’s last name, Author’s initial of first name & Second author’s last name, Second author’s initial of first name (publication date). Title of book (italicized and followed by a period). Place of publication: Publisher. Note: This technique applies to up to six authors. After the sixth, place a comma and et.al. followed by the date in parentheses.

75. APA Book with More than One Author An Example Blanchard, J. R. & Ostvold, H. (1958) Literature of Agricultural Research. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

76. APA Brochure or Pamphlet Name of publishing organization or Author’s last name, Initials (date). Title of brochure (italicized) (Brochure). Place of publication Publisher. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

77. APA Brochure or Pamphlet An Example Anderson, D. (1997). Chapter i: The birth of Long Island (Brochure). NY: Newsday. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

78. APA Edited Book Editor's last name, Initial of editor's first name (Ed.). (Date of publication). Title of book (italicized and followed by a period). Place of publication: Publisher's name. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

79. APA Edited Book An Example Egendorf, L.K. (Ed.) (2003). National Security. San Diago, California, Thomson Gale. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

80. APA Edited Book with More than One Editor Editor's last name, Initial of editor's first name & Second editor's last name, Initial of second editor's first name (Eds.). (Date of publication). Title of book (italicized and followed by a period). Place of publication: Publisher's name. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

81. APA Edited Book with More than One Editor An Example Lipsift, L. P. & Soiker, C. C. (Eds.). (1965). Advances in Child Development and Behavior. New York and London. Academic Press. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

82. APA Encyclopedia Entry Author's last name, Initial of author's first name (if available). (Date of publication). Title of article. In Name of encyclopedia (italicized) (Vol. volume number, pp page numbers). Place of publication: Publisher. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats Note: If author is not available, place publication date after the article’s title (in parentheses)

83. APA Encyclopedia Entry An Example Coffin, D. R. (1996). Hobart In Collier’s Encyclopedia (Vol. 12 pp. 169-170). NY, Toronto and Sydney: Colliers. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

84. APA Encyclopedia Article On-Line Author’s last name, Author’s Initials (date). (if available). Title of article. In name of encyclopedia (italicized and followed by a period). (Chapter or section number if available) Retrieved date (Month day, year), from Publisher’s location: Publisher’s web address. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

85. APA Encyclopedia Article On-Line An Example Psychedelic drug (2007). In Encyclopedia Britannica. Retrieved 1/2/2009, from http:search.ed.com/eb/artcile-9061712. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

86. APA Interview(s) Personal communications (such as interviews that have not been puboished) are not listed on the references page in the APA format. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

87. APA: Journal or Magazine Articles (handheld) APA format requires different formats for different types of handheld journals: Journal Articles Journal Articles with Two or More Authors (But less than six authors) Journal Articles with Two or More Authors (But less than six authors) Journal articles with six or more authors Magazine Articles Newspaper Articles Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

88. APA: Media APA format requires different formats for different types of media: APA film APA television program Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

89. APA On-line (electronic) APA format requires different formats for different types of electronic items: APA chapter from an on-line book APA on-line article in a journal or magazine APA on-line book APA on-line encyclopedia article APA entire website APA on-line newspaper article Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

90. APA Other Resources APA format requires different formats for different types of resources other than books or journals, handheld or electronic APA brochure APA conference proceedings APA dissertation APA ERIC document APA personal interview APA translation Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

91. APA: Part of an On-line Book Author's last name, Author's initial (Publication date). Part name. In Title of complete work (italicized and followed by a period). (chapter or section number if available). Retrieved date (month day, year) from web address. An Example Back to APA Choices Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

92. APA: Part of an On-line Book An Example Lauber, J. (1993). Twayne’s Author Series. Retrieved 1/3/2009 from <http://galenet.galegroup.com/http://galenet.galegroup.com/ Servlet/Twayne/hits?r=d&o=DocTitle> Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

93. APA Unpublished Works Unpublished works are not included in an APA reference page: they are considered unverifiable and unrecoverable. Back to APA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

94. MLA: Article or Chapter in an Anthology Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Chapter Title" (in quotation Marks). Book anthology title (underlined and followed by a period). Ed. Anthology Editor's Name (first last) (if available) Place of Publicaion: Publisher, date. Chapter Pages. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

95. MLA: Article or Chapter in an Anthology An Example Adelson, Jonathan T. "Freud's use of metaphor." The psychoanalytic study of the child. Ed. Anna Freud, et. al. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1983. 17-60. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

96. MLA: Basic MLA Question Begin using the MLA format by asking yourself: What type of material am I citing? Is it: A book (handheld, not electronic)? A journal or magazine article (handheld)? A piece of some other sort of media (such as a movie or television show)? A piece of some other sort of media (such as a movie or television show)? A web resource (such as a web site, an electronic book, etc.)? Other? Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

97. MLA: Book: Edited Anthology Author's last name, Author's first name. “Chapter Title (in quotation marks and followed by a period).” Title of anthology (underlined and followed by a period). Editor’s first name Editor’s Last name. Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

98. MLA: Book: Edited Anthology An Example Faulkner, William. Uncollected stories of William Faulkner. Blotner, Joseph, ed. New York: Random House, 1972. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

99. MLA: Book: Second or Later Edition Author's last name, Author's first name. Title of book (underlined and followed by a period). ___ (not underlined) ed. Place of publication: Publisher, Date of Publicataion. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

100. MLA: Book: Second or Later Edition An Example Douglass, Laura Mae. The effective nurse: Leader and manager. 2nd ed. St. Louis: Mosby, 1984. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

101. MLA: Book: One Author Author's last name, Author’s first name. Title of work (underlined and followed by a period). Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of Publication. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

102. MLA: Book: One Author An Example Machalow, Robert. 101 Uses of Lotus in Libraries. Westport: Meckler, 1992. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

103. MLA: Book: Single Author with More Than One Entry Author’s last name, Author’s first name. Title of book (underlined and followed by a period). Place of publication: Publisher, Date of publication. ---. Title of Book (underlined and followed by a period). Place Of Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

104. MLA: Book: Single Author with More Than One Entry An Example Machalow, Robert. 101 Uses of Lotus in Libraries. Westport, CT: Meckler, 1992. ----- Using Microsoft Excel. NY: Neal Schuman Publishers, 1991. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

105. MLA: Book: Two Authors Author's last name, Author's first name and First Name Second Author Last Name. Title of Book (underlined and followed by a period). Place of Publication: Publisher, Date of Publication. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

106. MLA: Book: Two Authors An Example Blanchard, J. Richard and Harold Ostvold. Literature of Agricultural Research. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press, 1958. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

107. MLA: Book: Four or More Authors Author's Last Name, Author's First Name, et.al. Title of book (underlined and followed by a period). Place of Puiblication: Publisher, Date. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

108. MLA: Book: Four or More Authors An Example Stouffer, Samuel A., et. al. The American Soldier: Combat and Its Aftermath. Princeton, New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 1949. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

109. MLA: Books MLA format requires different formats for different types of books: Book: Anthology Book: Corporate Author Book: Second or Later Edition Book: Single author with more than one entry Book: Three or more authors Book: Two authors Chapter or article in an anthology Edition of book: First Encyclopedia entry Government publication Multivolume work Short story Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

110. MLA: Book: Corporate Author Name of corporation. Name of item (underlined and followed by a period). Place of publication: Publisher, Date of publication. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

111. MLA: Book: Corporate Author An Example Institute for the Study of Human Problems. Society and Drugs I. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, Inc: 1970. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

112. MLA: Chapter or Article in Anthology Author's Lastr Name, Author's First Name."Name of article or chapter (followed by a period, enclosed in quotation marks)." Title of Book (underlined, followed by a period). Ed. Editor's Name (first name then last name). Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication. Page(s). An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

113. MLA: Chapter or Article in Anthology An Example Hale, Sarah Josepha. "Mary's Lamb." She Wields A Pen. Ed. Janet Gray. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press, 1997. 8. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

114. MLA: Edition of a Book: First Author's last name, Author's first name. Title of item (underlined and followed by a period). Place of publication: Publisher, Date of publication. Note: If this is the first edition, there is no need to mention that it is the first edition. Noe: If this is the first ediuAn Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

115. MLA: Edition of a Book: First An Example Cummings, E.E. Complete poems: 1913-1962. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1972. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

116. MLA: Encyclopedia Entry Author's last name, Author's first name (if available). "Encyclopedia entry (in quotation marks and followed by a period).” Name of encyclopedia (underlined and followed by a period). Edition. Year of publication (if available). An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

117. MLA: Encyclopedia Entry An Example Coffin, David R. "Hobart." Collier's Encyclopedia, 1996. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

118. MLA: Film Main Performer’s last name, Main performer’s first name, perf. (if available and relevant) Name of film (underlined and followed by a period). Direcrtor's first name Director's last name. Name of studio, Year of movie. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

119. MLA: Film An Example Mel Brooks, Perf. The Critic. Dir. Ernest Pintoff. Pintoff Productions and Crossbow Corp of American, 1970. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

120. MLA: General Hints on MLA Format The title of the page is Works Cited (not bibliography). All entries should be double spaced unless otherwise instructed. For each entry the first line of the works cited should be at the margin; the second and subsequent lines should be continually indented five spaces. Titles of books, magazines, etc. should be underlined. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

121. MLA: Government Publications Country or state (if relevant) Agency name. Title of Publication (underlined and followed by a period). Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

122. MLA: Government Publications An Example United States. U.S. Department of Labor. Occupational Outlook Handbook: January, 2008. Lanham, MD: B Nernan, 2008. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

123. MLA: Journal Article Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Article Title (in quotation marks, followed by a period).” Journal Title (Underlined and followed by a period). Volume Number: Issue Number (Date of Publication): Page Number(s). An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

124. MLA: Journal Article An Example Jackson, Debra. "Random Acts of Influence: personal reflections on professional generosity.“ Journal of Clinical Nursing 17:20 (Oct 2008): 2669-2670. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

125. MLA: Journal Article: More Then Three Authors Author's Last Name, First name et. al. "Article Title." Journal title (underlined) Volume number: issue number (date): pages. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

126. MLA: Journal Article: More Then Three Authors An Example Srivastava, Namita et. al. "A literature review of principles, policies and practice in extended nursing roles related to U.K. intensive settings.” Journal of Clinical Nursing 17:20 (2008): 2671-80. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

127. MLA: Journal or Magazine Articles (Handheld) MLA format requires different formats for different types of handheld journals: Journal articles Journal articles with more than three authors Magazine article Newspaper article Journal or Magazine with Continuous Pagination Journal or Magazine with Non-Continuous Pagination Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

128. MLA: Journal Article Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Article Title.(in quotation marks and followed by a period).“ Journal Title (Underlined and followed by a period). Volume Number. Issue Number (Date of Publication): Page Number(s). An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

129. MLA: Journal Article An Example Jackson, Debra. "Random Acts of Influence: personal reflections on professional generosity.“ Journal of Clinical Nursing 17.20 (Oct 2008): 2669-2670. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

130. M.L.A. Citation Style For nearly every item type that is to be cited, a different format must be used. Click on the type of material that you are citing: For (handheld) books For (handheld) journal and magazine articles For (handheld) journal and magazine article For an item which is some sort of non-book or non-journal article A web resource (such as a website, an electronic book, an electronic journal article, etc.) A web resource (such as a website, an electronic book, an electronic journal article, etc. Other Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

131. MLA: Magazine Article Author's Last Name, Author's First Name. "Title of Article (in quotation marks)” Magazine Title (underlined) Date (day month year): page. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

132. MLA: Magazine Article An Example McDevitt, Caitlin. "Traffic jam among the scooter set" Newsweek 21 July 2008: 17. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

133. MLA Translation Author's last name, Author's first name. Title (underlined and followed by a period). Trans. Translator's name. Place of publication: Publisher, Date. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

134. MLA: Edited Book Books with Just An Editor Editor's last name, Editor's first name, ed. Title of work (underlined and followed by a period). Place of publication: Publisher, Publication date. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

135. MLA: Edited Book Books with Just An Editor An Example Egendorf, Laura K., ed. National Security. San Diego, California, Thomson Gale, 2003. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

136. MLA: Edited Book For books with an editor and an author: Author's last name, Author's first name. Title of book (underlined and followed by a period). Ed. Editor's first name Editor's last name. Place of publication: Publisher, Date of publication. Book with only an Editor: An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

137. MLA: Edited Book Books with An Author and An Editor An Example Cosgrove, Nicholas. The Cosgrove Report: Being the private inquiry of a Pinkerton detective into the death of President Lincoln. Ed. M. Croft. Rawson and Wade: NY, 1979. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or Citation Formats

138. MLA Translation An Example Frankel, Hermann. Early Greek poetry and philosophy. Trans. Moses Hadas and James Willis. New York and London: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, 1975. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

139. MLA: Edited Book Book with Only an Editor An Example Egendorf, Laura K., ed. National Security. San Diego, California: Thomson, Gale, 2003. Book with an Editor and an Author: An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

140. MLA Unpublished Dissertation Author's last name, Author's first name. "Dissertation title (followed by a period and enclosed in quotation marks)." Place of dissertation, Date. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

141. MLA Unpublished Dissertation An Example Clegg., Claude Andrew. “An original man: the life and times of Elijah Mohamed.” Diss. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, 1997. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

142. MLA: Media MLA format requires different formats for different types of media: Film Television Program Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

143. MLA: Conference Proceedings Presenter's last name, Presenter's first name. "Title of presentation (in quotation marks followed by a period).” Title of conference (underlined and followed by a period). Ed. Editor’s name (if available and appropriate).Date of conference. Place of conference: Name of conference/publisher, Year. Pages (if published). An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

144. MLA: Conference Proceedings An Example Machalow, Robert. "Library use of Lotus 1-2-3." Computers in Libraries. Nov. 18-20 1981. Los Angeles, Ca.: Neal-Schuman, 1981. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

145. MLA: ERIC Documents Author's last name, Author's first name. Title of document (underlined and followed by a period). Place of publicaation (as in a conference location): Name of conference (if appropriate), Date. ERIC Document Reproduction Service ED______ (not underlined). An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

146. MLA: ERIC Documents An Example Machalow, Robert. The Soap Opera: A Crash Course for Educators. Jamaice, NY. 1984. ERIC Document Reproduction Service ED257146. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

147. MLA Published Dissertations An Example Kirk, David S. Unraveling the neighborhood and school effects on your behavior. Diss. University of Chicago, 2006. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2006. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

148. MLA Published Dissertations An Example Jurecka, Paul. Transferring polymorphism of common carp: link with disease resistance. Diss: Wageningen University. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

149. MLA: Translation Author's last name, Author's first name. Book title (underlined and followed by a period). Trans. Translator's first name Translator's last name. Place of publication: Publisher, Publication date. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

150. MLA Published Dissertations Author’s last name, Author’s first name. Dissertation title (underlined and followed by a period). Diss. Name of institution, Year of dissertation. Publisher location, Publisher Information, Year of publication. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

151. MLA: Translation An Example Aleichem, Sholom. The Bloody hoax. Trans. Aliza Shevrin. Bloomington and Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, 1991. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

152. MLA Brochure or Pamphlet Editor's last name, Editor's first name, ed. Title of brochure (underlined and followed by a period). Place of publication: Publisher, Date. Note: If an author is given rather than an editor, use the author's name and omit the editor. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats Back to APA or MLA Citation Forma

153. MLA Brochure or Pamphlet An Example Anderson, Doreen. Chapter 1: The Birth of Long Island. NY: Newsday, 1997. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

154. MLA: Multivolume Work Author's last name, Author‘s First name. Title of collection (underlined, followed by a period). Number of volumes vols. Place of Publication: Publisher, Year of publication. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

155. MLA: Multivolume Work An Example Moses, Montrose J. Representative Plays by American Dramatists. 3 vols. NY: Benjamin Blom, Inc., 1964. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

156. MLA: Newspaper Article Author's Last Name, Author's First Name (if there is one given). ”Article title (in quotes).” Newspaper Title (Underlined) Date (day month year), edition or section: page(s). An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

157. MLA: Newspaper Article An Example "The moral condition of California" The New York Times November 1, 1851. 1. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

158. MLA: Other Resources MLA format requires a different citation format for other sources: MLA ERIC document MLA Pamphlet or Brochure MLA Personal Interview MLA Published Dissertation MLA Published Dissertation MLA Translation MLA Unpub;lished Dissertation Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

159. MLA: On-line: Scholarly Article An Example Yeaton, William H. "The development and assessment of valid measures of service delivery to enhance inference in outcome- based research: measuring attendance in self- halp group meetings." Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 62:4 (1994 Retrieved 12 December 2008. http://web.ebscohost.com/http://web.ebscohost.com/ ehost/detail?vtd=3&vid Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats Back to APA or MLA Citation Format

160. MLA: On-Line: Entire Internet Site Title of site (underlined and followed by a period).. Editor’s first name Editor’s last name (if available). Date retrieved (followed by a period).. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

161. MLA: On-Line: Entire Internet Site An Example York College CUNY. 2008. Retrieved January 1, 2009.http://york.cuny.edu Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

162. MLA: On-Line Encyclopedia Article "Title of article (in quotation marks and followed by a period)." Name of Encyclopedia (underlined and followed by a period). Date (if available followed by a period).. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

163. MLA: On-Line Encyclopedia Article An Example "Psychedelic drug." Encyclopedia Britannica, 2007. < http://search.ed.com/eb/article-http://search.ed.com/eb/article- 9061712>. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

164. MLA: On-Line: Part of An On-Line Book Author's last name, Author's first name. “Title of portion of work being cited (in quotation marks and followed by a period).” Title of publication (underlined and followed by a period). Place of publication: Publisher, Date of publication.. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

165. MLA: On-Line: Part of An On-Line Book An Example Lauber, John. "Jane Austin: Selected bibliography." Twayne's author series. New York: G. K. Hall & Co., 1993. <http://galenet.galegroup.com/ servlet/ Twayne/hits?r=d&o=DocTitle>. Back to MLA Choices Back to MLA Choi Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

166. MLA: On-Line Article in Magazine Author's last name, Author's first name. "Article title (in quotation marks, followed by a period)." Journal name Underlihed and followed by a period). Date.. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

167. MLA: On-Line Article in Magazine An Example Alexander, Frank S. "The conviction of things not seen: A tribute to Hal Berman." Emory Law Journal 2008. < http://web.ebscohost.com/ ehost/ pdf?vid=5&hid=3&sid=46e8fa5b> Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

168. MLA: On-Line Entire Book Author's last name, Author's first name. Title of book (Underlined and followed by a period).. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

169. MLA: On-Line Entire Book An Example Orwell, George. 1984.http://www.planetebook.http://www.planetebook com/1984.asp>. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

170. MLA: On-Line Newspaper Article Author’s last name, Author’s first name (if given). “Title of article (in quotation amrks and followed by a period)."Newspaper name underlined) Date. Note: Web address can be shortened if it is so long that it might be confusing An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

171. MLA: On-Line Newspaper Article An Example "Dances staged by Sammy Lee." New York Times 28 Nov. 1926. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

172. MLA: Personal Interview Last name of person interviewed, First name of person interviewed. Personal Interview. Date of interview. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

173. MLA: Personal Interview An Example Obama, Barack. Personal Interview. Oct. 22, 2008. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

174. MLA: Short Story Author's last name, Author's first name."Title of short story (in quotation marks followed by a period).” Title of Collection (underlined, followed by a period). Ed. Editor's last name, Editor's first name (if available). Place of publication: Publisher, Year of publication. Pages. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

175. MLA: Short Story An Example Fitzgerald, Francis Scott. “The curious case of Benjamin Button.” Six Tales of the Jazz Age and Other Stories. N.Y.: Charles Scribner’s Sons, 1960. 60-83. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

176. MLA: Television Program Name of television show (underlined and followed by a period). Name of host (if available). Company which produced show (if available). Aired on Date. An Example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

177. MLA: Television Program An Example American Experience: LBJ DVD. Host David Grobin. PBS. 1991. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

178. MLA: Web Resources MLA format requires different formats for different types of web resources: Entire book online Entire internet site online Online article in a magazine Online newspaper article Online encyclopedia article Online scholarly article Part of an online book Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

179. MLA: Journal or Magazine Article with Continuous Pagination Author’s last name, Author’s First name. “Article title (in quotation marks and followed by a period).” Journal Name (underlined and followed by a period). Volume number (year of publication): page(s). An example Non-Continuous Pagination Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

180. MLA: Journal or Magazine Article with Continuous Pagination An Example Esch, Laura and Kaith J. Zillig. ‘Middle School Students’ Weight Perceptions, Dieting Behaviors, and Life Satisfaction.” American Journal of Health Education 39 (2008): 345- 352. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

181. MLA: Journal or Magazine artisle with Non-Continuous Pagination Author’s last name, Author’s First name. “Article title (in quotation marks and followed by a period).” Journal Name (underlined and followed by a period). Volume number. Issue Number (year of publication): page(s). An example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

182. MLA: Journal or Magazine Article with Non-Continuous Pagination An Example Sonstrom, Wendy Jean. “Thoughts from the greenhouse.” Adult Learning 17: 1-4 (2006): 29-30. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

183. MLA: On-Line Scholarly Article Author’s last namew, Author’s first name. “Article title (in quotation marks and followed by a period).” Journal name (underlined and followed by a period). Volume number: Issue number (date of publication) Web host (date accessed) Web address. An example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

184. APA or MLA? Initially, it is important to know if you want to format your citations in APA or MLA format. APA MLA

185. APA: Journal Article with More Than 6 Authors (Handheld) First Author’s Last Name, Author’s Initials, Second Author’s Last Name, Second Author’s Initials, Third Author’s Last Name, Third Author’s Initials, Fourth Author’s Last Name, Fourth Author’s Iniiials, Fifth Author’s Last Name, Fifth Author’s Initials, et al. (Publication date). Article title. Journal Name (italicized and followed by a comma), Issue number, pages. An example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

186. APA: Journal Article with More Than 6 Authors (Handheld) An Example Barnes, M., Bigari, K., Culler, T., Gregory, H., Hamilton, J., et.. Al. (2008). Healthy Lifestyles Through an Adaptive Living Program: a pilot study. Occupational Therapy International, 15 (4), 269-284. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

187. APA : Published Dissertation Author’s last name, Author’s initials (year). Title of dissertation. (italicized followed by a comma), University name followed by a period. Source, Source number Retrieved date, from source. An example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

188. APA : Published Dissertation: An Example Jurecka, P. (2008). Trasferrin polymorphism of common carp: link with disease resistance, Wageningen University, 2008. ISBN 9085852439. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

189. APA: Unpublished Dissertation Author’s last name, Author’s initial (year of dissertation). Title of dissertation (italicized and followed by a period). Unpublished doctoral dissertation (followed by a comma), Name of school, Location of school (source of Document such as ERIC) Retrieved date, from database name (followed by a period). An example Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats

190. APA: Unpublished Dissertation: An Example Machalow, S.D. (1981). We know who we are: the role of perceptive in self- perception and the changing status of American minorities. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota Retrieved July 4, 1982 from WorldCat Book Archival Number 19830207. Back to MLA Choices Back to APA or MLA Citation Formats