1. 阿波羅：古希臘的醫神 Apollo ： the God of Healing in Ancient Greece 陳玲華 台大外文系副教授 [ 醫學與人文 2010 年 12 月 ] 第 11 單元

2. Outline I. Apollo in the Hippocratic Oath II. Apollo, the god of healing (The Iliad) III. The cult of Apollo IV. Apollo’s divine family ˙ father: Zeus ˙uncles: Poseidon, Hades ˙mother: Leto ˙sister: Artemis ˙son: Asclepius, the god of medicine V. Apollo’s unhappy love ˙ Cassandra ˙ Daphne ˙ Coronis: mother of Asclepius (The Metamorphosis) VI. The cult of Asclepius

3. I. Apollo in the Hippocratic Oath 希波克拉底誓言中的阿波羅 Apollo Hippocrates

4. Hippocrates (460-377 BC) the father of medicine  Hippocrates, who is often described as the founder of modern medicine, left a legacy of 53 scientific books on medical topics, known as the Corpus Hippocraticum.  Modern doctors still take the Hippocratic Oath which is the basis of medical ethics.

5. The Hippocratic Oath: “I swear by Apollo the physician and Asclepius, and Health, and All-heal, and all the gods and goddesses...”

6. “Into whatever houses I enter, I will go into them for the benefit of the sick, and will abstain from every voluntary act of mischief and corruption; and, further from the seduction of females or males, of freemen and slaves….” “Whatever, in connection with my professional practice or not, I see or hear, in the life of men, which ought not to be spoken of abroad, I will not divulge, as reckoning that all such should be kept secret….”

7. II. Apollo: the god of healing  The Greeks believed that illness was a punishment sent by the gods to whom they prayed for a cure.  Apollo was associated with light and healing, but if he was angry, his arrows could cause plague.  Apollo, the god of archery, punished Agamemnon and his Greek camp with plague in the Trojan War. When his anger was appeased, he granted his healing. (Homer, The Iliad, Book I )

8. III. The cult of Apollo  Apollo’s temple at Delphi was of paramount importance in Greece.  He was well-known as a god of prophecy, and at Delphi he would reply to questions about the future, known as the “oracle.”  Apollo was also the patron god of music and poetry, and the protector of herdsmen and flocks.  His forename Phoebus means “bright,” and he became connected with the Greek sun- god Helios in the Hellenistic Age.

9. IV. Apollo’s divine family  Father : Zeus, the king of the gods on Olympus  Uncles : Poseidon, the god of the ocean Hades, the god of the underworld  Mother : Leto, the goddess of Delos  Sister : Artemis, the goddess of hunting  Son by a mortal woman, Coronis: Asclepius, the god of medicine

10. V. Apollo’s unhappy love ˙ Cassandra: the discredit of her prophesy ˙ Daphne: the laurel tree ˙ Coronis: mother of Asclepius (The Metamorphosis)

11. VI. The cult of Asclepius  Son of Apollo and Coronis  Father of Hygieia (Hygiene) and two Greek doctors at Troy, Machaon and Podalirius  Sanctuaries of Asclepius all over the Greek world.  The temple and theater at Epidaurus.  “Temple sleep”: a healing ritual at Asclepius’ temple to provide divine medical cures for the ailing people

12. ˙ Asclepius & his staff with a serpent twisted around it （厄斯克里皮斯與他的蛇杖） ˙Asclepius’ temple at Cos （厄斯克里皮斯的神廟）

13. 版權聲明 圖片授權條件作者／來源 作者： ChrisO 來源： http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Apollo_ny_carl sberg_glyptotek.jpg 2010.10.7 visited ChrisO http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Apollo_ny_carl sberg_glyptotek.jpg 1881 Young Persons‘ Cyclopedia of Persons and Places Assumming PD due to age. RedWolf 05:45, Jan 10, 2005 (UTC) {{PD}} 來 源： http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh- tw/File:Hippocrates.jpg 2010.10.7 visited RedWolf http://zh.wikipedia.org/zh- tw/File:Hippocrates.jpg Twelfth-century Byzantine manuscript the oath was written out in the form of a cross 來源： http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HippocraticOat h.jpg 2010.10.7 visited http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:HippocraticOat h.jpg 作者： DerHexer 來源： http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Statue_of_Askl epios_NAMA_263_(DerHexer).JPG 10.10.07 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Statue_of_Askl epios_NAMA_263_(DerHexer).JPG

14. 版權聲明 圖片授權條件作者／來源 作者： Heiko Gorsk 來源： http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kos_Asklepeio n.jpg 2010.10.7 visited http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kos_Asklepeio n.jpg