1. Earthquake Vocabulary Notecards

2. Weathering
Process of breaking down the Earth’s material by natural processes of water, wind, ice, and chemicals into smaller pieces or sediments
Destructive Process

3. Erosion
Weathered or broken down rock and other material are moved by natural processes, such as water or wind, from place to place
Destructive Movement

4. Deposition
Process where sediments are settled or laid down in a new location
Constructive Process

5. Constructive Force
Force that builds up features on the Earth’s surface or on an existing landform

6. Destructive Force
Forces that destroy features on the Earth’s surface

7. Constructive vs. Destructive Forces Venn Diagram
Canyon
Delta
Tsunami
Flood
Sandbar
Landslides
Glacier
Weathering
Erosion
Deposition
Earthquake
Volcano
Mountains
Islands
Sand Dune

8. Focus
Point of origin underground where the rocks break producing vibrations and creating an earthquake
Earth’s Surface
DRAW 
Fault Line

9. Epicenter Point above ground on the surface directly above the focus
Earth’s Surface
DRAW 
Fault Line

11. You Need: Clicker Checking Pen Bad Vibrations Worksheet
Earthquake Vocabulary Notecards

12. Compression
Force that squeezes rock or an object until it folds or breaks

13. Tension
Force that occurs to stretch an object or rock

14. Shear
Force that pushes a mass of rock or an object in opposite directions

15. Fault Line Types
Normal Fault – blocks of crust are pulled away and one block falls down
Occurs at Divergent Boundary with Tension Force
Reverse Fault – blocks of crust are pushed together and one block slides up
Occurs at Convergent Boundary with Compression Force
Strike-Slip Fault – blocks of crust slide past each other with no up or down motion
Occurs at Transform Boundary with Shear Force

16. Normal Fault Pictures **Do NOT Copy**
blocks of crust are pulled away and one block falls down

17. Reverse Fault Pictures **Do NOT Copy**
blocks of crust are pushed together and one block slides up

18. Strike-Slip Fault Pictures **Do NOT Copy**
blocks of crust slide past each other with no up or down motion

19. Types of Seismic Waves P-Wave (Primary) – first wave from the focus
Push-pull wave that can travel through solids & liquids
Fastest wave
S-Wave (Secondary) – slow wave from the focus
Vibrates crust side to side & up or down
Travels only through solids
Surface Wave – slowest wave from the epicenter
Come from P- & S-Waves that reach the surface
Produce most damage
Stronger near the epicenter

20. Richter Scale Measures strength of seismic waves on a seismograph
Scale of 1-10
10 is the strongest
Each number is 10 times stronger than the number before

21. Richter Scale **Do NOT Copy**

22. When You’re Finished BBC Plate Tectonics Test Bite **Headphones**
Fault Motion Simulations
Constructive Forces
Destructive Forces
Earthquake Interactive
Forces of Nature **Takes a Few Minutes to Load**
Beat the Quake **Headphones**
Shake, Rattle, & Slide **Headphones**

24. Volcanoes Vocabulary Notecards

25. Magma
Molten rock found beneath the Earth’s surface

26. Lava
Molten rock found on the Earth’s surface

27. Tephra
Pyroclastic material of any size rock fragments, ash, and/or dust

28. Viscosity Measures the thickness of molten material
High viscosity = thick
Low viscosity = more fluid

29. Volcano Activity Levels
Active – has erupted in recent time & can erupt again at any time
Look for Seismic Activity
Example: Mt. St. Helens
Dormant – no eruption in recent time, but has a record of past eruptions
Example: Mt. Rainier in Washington
Extinct – not known to have erupted in modern history or to ever erupt again
Example: Crater Lake

30. Types of Volcanoes Cinder Cone – small base with steep sides
Made of Cinders
Explosive eruption
Shield – large, wide base with gentle sloping sides
Calm lava flows
Composite-Strato – tall, large, mountain-like volcano with snow cap
Alternating eruptions of lava & tephra

31. Types of Lava AA – hot, thin, fast flowing
Hardens with a rough, jagged edge
Pahoehoe – thicker, slow moving lava
Hardens with smooth, ropy appearance
Pillow – forms when lava erupts & cools suddenly underwater

32. Types of Volcanic Eruptions
Determined by amount of water vapor & gases and chemical composition of magma
Explosive eruption – thick magma, high pressure/gas & water content
Example: Mt. St. Helens
Quiet eruption – fluid magma, low gas pressure & water content
Example: Hawaiian Islands
Mt. Kilauea