1. Today’s lecture is brought to you by Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI)

2. “An Idiot Abroad”

3. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Pre-Depression Brazil -1 1920

4. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Pre-Depression Brazil - 2

5. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Effects of WWI - 3

6. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Effects of WWI - 4 -Industrialization and urbanization Rio de Janeiro Sugar cane

7. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Cultural changes and unrest - 5 Workers raise the anarchist black flag during the São Paulo General Strike of 1917

8. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Political unrest - 6 President Bernardes Washington Luis

9. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) The Depression Begins - 7 <- Conservative Coalition Liberal Alliance -> Julio Prestes Getulio Vargas

10. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Getulio Vargas - 8 - Attempts Valorization again - Diversify agriculture - Import Substitution Industrialization Exchange controls import quotas tax incentives lowered duties on imported machinery and raw materials long term loans at low interest rates - Result Creates new industries designed to meet needs at home Industrial production doubled 31-36 national income increases

11. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Getulio Vargas - 9 -1932 electoral code est. secret ballot, voting age lowered to 18, vote given to working women o still has a literacy requirement -1934 constitution Strengthens executive Article 119 Nationalization of natural resources Labor tribunal system 86% of workers are in agriculture and their system isn’t touched - Political decent Growing Communist Party National Liberation Alliance Bertha Lutz

12. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Getulio Vargas - 10

13. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Getulio Vargas - 11 - Economic ties to Germany and Italy Brazil has no expansionist ideals - Direct investment in creation of industry Manufacturing serves domestic market almost exclusively - 44% of investment in Brazilian stock is from foreigners -1941 there were 44,100 plants with 944,000 workers - Banned strikes, but 1942 labor code was seen as most advanced in the world -1920 there were13,336 plants with 300,000 worker

14. Bullet 4 Latin America’s responses to the Depression: Getúlio Vargas; Import Substitution Industrialization (ISI) Getulio Vargas - 12 Brazilian rubber plantation workers

15. Cathedral of Brasilia