1. UH PACOM Energy Partnership
Presented to the
Pacific Operational Science and Technology Conference
March 21, 2012
Richard Rocheleau
Director
Hawaii Natural Energy Institute
University of Hawaii at Manoa

2. Outline of Talk Hawaii Energy Situation PACOM-UH-ONR and Energy
Select UH Research Activities
Grid Systems and Storage
Hydrogen
Ocean Energy
Biofuels

3. Estimated US Energy Usage: 2010
Oil provides 37% of all primary energy
Oil used for less than 1% of electricity generation
Renewables provides ~ 8% of all primary energy
Natural gas offers flexibility across energy sectors

4. Estimated HI Energy Usage: 2008
Oil provides 84% of all primary energy (vs 37% US)
Oil provides 73% of electricity generation (vs 1% US)
Renewables provides 8% of all primary energy
Renewables for electricity ~10%

5. Electricity Production in Hawai‘i by Source, 2010

7. More Renewables than Demand but Grid Issues Limit use
75MW
Isolated grid systems with no interisland connections
Significant transmission and distribution issues - sparse system, mountainous terrain.
1300MW
5MW
Intermittency of wind and solar and substantive difference between peak load and base load leads to curtailment of renewable energy sources
Excellent test-bed for modern grid technologies
Here is the map
200MW

8. Hawaii Clean Energy Initiative (HCEI) Rationale and Objectives
The most petroleum-dependent state in the US is on track to increase its clean energy (efficiency and renewables) to 70% by 2030 and will have the greatest penetration of variable renewables on a grid in the US
Objectives
The State of Hawaii and US DOE launched HCEI in January 2008 to help transform Hawaii to a 70% clean energy economy by 2030 and reap economic and environmental benefits:
Increasing Hawaii’s economic and energy security
Fostering and demonstrating Hawaii’s innovation
Developing Hawaii’s workforce of the future
Becoming the clean energy model for the U.S. and the world
Rationale
Hawaii is, by far, the most petroleum-dependent state in the U.S.
Hawaii is burdened with high energy prices that have dramatic and potentially devastating impacts on the State’s economy
Hawaii is blessed with excellent renewable energy resources and climate
Ranked #1 in petroleum dependence
Petroleum-fired power plants supply more than three-fourths of Hawaii’s electricity generation.
Ranked #1 in electricity prices 0.26 /kWhr
Often #1 in gasoline prices $4.48 regular gasoline 4/12/11
Imports nearly all consumer products – including 85% of food
Tourism (visitor industry) is a major economic driver – when fuel prices go up – ticket prices rise – Hawaii economy gets slammed.
Scenario Analysis Capacity
Solar MW
Wind MW
Biomass MW
Geothermal MW
Ocean MW
Efficiency 500 MW
2351 MW capacity
1691 MW peak demand
328 MW Existing Renewable Gen
853 MW, 128 MGPY under dev today
$1.3B rev ($158M tax rev) & 2600 jobs construction
$220M rev ($12M tax rev) & 500 jobs sustained
OAHU
Annual energy production is approximately 8000 GWh
system load typically ranges from a peak of 1200 MW to a minimum of 600 MW. T
he total generating capacity of the system is 1756 MW

9. HCEI Roadmap Key Strategic Planning Document
Four Energy Sectors aligned with HCEI Working Groups:
End-Use Efficiency
Electricity
Transportation
Fuels
Overall energy-sector goals
Accomplishments
Strategic Pathways
Interim Targets
Near-term critical actions

10. HCEI 70 % Clean Energy Goal
Energy Sectors and HCEI Roadmap
End Use Sector
30% Greater Energy Efficiency by 2030
Strategies:
Align regulatory and policy framework
Retrofit residential and commercial buildings
Strengthen new constructions policies / building codes
Identify non-building related energy efficiency measures
Accelerate EV and H2 vehicle and infrastructure deployment
Increase renewable fuel use in the transportation sector
Improve vehicle fleet efficiency
Reduce vehicle miles traveled
Align regulatory and policy framework with clean energy goals
Increase process certainty in developing new RE
Deploy RE and grid infrastructure
Explore next gen technologies and new applications
Electricity Sector
40% Renewable by 2030
Transportation Sector
Displace 70% Petroleum by 2030
Fuels Sector
Meet In-State Demand for Renewable Fuels
Support development of local agricultural industry
Invest in key infrastructure at scale
Evaluate and develop renewable fuel processing infrastructure
Match potential fuel supply with in-State demand
Island interconnection central to electricity and transportation goals

12. PACOM-UH-ONR and Energy
PACOM - Seeking energy solutions to meet federal mandates
Energy goals well aligned with HCEI objectives
UH – HNEI serves as focal point for Energy Research at Univ. of Hawaii at Manoa
Primary funding from Office of Naval Research and US Department of Energy
UH-PACOM partnership – established 2011
ONR – Asia Pacific Technology and Education Program
Promoting sustainability through alternative energy research, technologies development & education
Providing a cleantech workforce by linking energy education & research institutes with cleantech companies

13. 3 universities & 7 community colleges Over 53,000 students
Established in 1907
3 universities & 7 community colleges
Over 53,000 students
Manoa is the largest and main research campus
14000 undergraduate students
6000 graduate students
Hawaii Natural Energy Institute (HNEI)
Organized research unit at UH Manoa
Established in statute to work with state to reduce use of fossil fuel
Added this slide

14. UH-PACOM Partnership
“Strengthening Stability and Resilience in the Asia-Pacific: Opportunities in the Energy, Environment, and Disaster Management” (January 4, 2011)
Senior Leadership from the U.S. Pacific (PACOM) and the University of Hawaii (UH) meet at East West Center, Honolulu to discuss topics on Energy, Environment and Water Security
UH-DOD are two largest energy users in state
UH-PACOM share common goals that could contribute to regional security in the areas of sustainability.
“UH-PACOM Collaboration agreement signed at PACOM headquarters (May 3, 2011)”
Formalized collaboration in alternative energy, water, and disaster management.
Energy Focus on:
Grid systems and Storage
Ocean Energy
Biofuels

15. Hawaii Natural Energy Institute
Organized research unit in School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology, University of Hawaii at Manoa
Basic and applied research (R&D) across many energy technologies
Testing and evaluating (T&E) renewable generation technologies
Supporting State of Hawaii energy assessments and policy development
Establishing public-private partnerships to validate technologies in real world (on-grid) settings
Contributing to STEM and workforce development
HNEI programs are multi-disciplinary efforts with strong collaboration and cost share with industry and DOD 15 15

16. HNEI Program Areas Hydrogen: Fuel Cells: Photovoltaics:
Hawaii Hydrogen Power Park
Fuel Cells:
Materials and component development
Photovoltaics:
Thin film solar cells, deployment, testing, and analysis
Electrochemical Power Systems:
Batteries and electric vehicles
Ocean Resources:
Seabed methane hydrates, ocean thermal and wave energy
Biofuels and biotechnology:
Biomass conversion - solid, liquid and gaseous fuels
Biofuels fit-for-use
Grid Analysis and Smart Grids
Technology Validation, Energy Assessment and Policy
CIGS – Copper Indium Gallium Selenium 16

17. Hawaii Grid Analysis Hawaii Island Integration Studies
Quantify impacts of high penetration renewables including interconnecting islands via undersea cable
Identify solutions to mitigate impacts of variability from renewables
Inform decision making through groundbreaking use of analytical tools (GE)
Hawaii Grid Analysis
Smart Grid & Grid Storage Demo
DOE Maui Smart Grid Demonstration Project
NEDO Smart Grid
Solar Energy Grid Integration (DOE)
Grid scale Li-ion battery evaluation
Coconut Island Smart Microgrid
Test advanced microgrid technologies: PV, building controls, efficiency
Unique learning environment
High-visibility project within state
Policy Support
Analysis to support decisions by PUC, RSWG, DBEDT, and legislature
EV integration, Smart grid, Interconnection Standards, RPS

18. Hawaii Island Integration Studies
Develop rigorous analytic models of electricity grids on each island
Analyze alternative scenarios for deployment of new energy systems including additional renewables, end-use efficiency, and new transportation systems
Identify and analyze mitigating technologies (e.g., DSM, storage, advanced controls, forecasting) to address systems integration issues (e.g. stability) and intermittency of wind and solar renewable technologies
Develop demonstration projects to validate proposed technology solutions
Talk about big island projects as an example

19. Hawaii Island Integration Studies
Analysis, testing, and evaluation,
Kauai Energy Roadmap - Future roadmap for possible increased penetration of renewable energy.
Oahu Grid Study -
Oahu Wind Integration Transmission Study – island interconnection via undersea cable
Analysis of high penetration solar
Maui Grid Study
Validated power systems model used to address impacts of increased wind and the necessary mitigation technologies
Smart Grid Demonstration Projects
Big Island Energy Roadmap
Identify strategies for increased energy security and the penetration of renewable energy
Battery storage demonstration project
Hydrogen integration for grid management 19 19

20. HELCO Grid System Initial Study Site (2007)
Isolated grid, ~ 200MW peak demand
High penetration of renewables including geothermal, wind, and solar
Imbalances between demand and generation results in frequency error
Small frequency bias, MW/0.1 Hz
Loss of generation can result in underfrequency load shed
Increased renewables (intermittent) reduces availability of units to regulate voltage and frequency
Limited or no forecasting available
Impacts of intermittend renewables are system and operator dependent
As an island grid, we see the impact of renewable energy in ways that will not be seen on larger interconnected utiities. In addition, the impact of renewable energy on our system is affected by the present generation mix. HELCO has a unique generation mix with a large proporiton of units that are not responsive to frequency changes and do not help support voltages.

21. Big Island Energy Storage - Fast Storage Mitigates Negative Effects of Increased Wind Penetration
1000
1200
1400
1600
1800
2000
2200
2400
2600
2800
3000
3200
59.85
59.9
59.95 60
time [s]
[Hz]
Frequency comparison f
nom
+real storage
+inf storage Hz
Significant Wind Fluctuation on May 23rd 2007
No storage
Storage (1 MW, 60 seconds)
Storage (1 MW, infinite)
No storage
Storage (
No storage
Storage (60MWs)
Storage (
inf MWs )
Storage (60MW-sec)
Time (seconds)

22. Energy Storage/Demand Control for Generation Smoothing, Frequency Regulation, and Power Quality
Research, Test & Evaluate (RT&E) Energy Storage Systems to validate performance and assess value of grid-scale storage to address power quality and control issues for high penetration distributed energy generation and advanced EVs
Select and deploy grid-scale energy storage systems as operational test beds
Develop and deploy closed-loop control systems (CCS) and algorithms to support research into power quality, reliability, and power management

23. Wind-Smoothing/Frequency Regulation
1MW, 250kW-hr Li-ion titanate battery energy storage system located at Hawi Renewable Development’s 10.6 MW wind farm
Grid-connected on low side of 1.5MVA 480V/34.5V transformer
Team developing closed-loop control system and real time algorithms to optimize wind smoothing and frequency regulation
Analysis
SCADA (grid) and battery performance data
BESS Performance and Health characterizations
Power quality characteristics (SEL 735) including high resolution waveform capture, and interruptions, sags, swells, harmonics, and unbalance
Wind and frequency spectra analysis with ALTI-ESS connected and disconnected from grid to assess ESS as tool to manage intermittency

24. Grid-connected Battery Projects
Altairnano (ALTI)
1 MW/250kWhr Battery Energy Storage System

25. BESS Specifications
Power Performance
Ability to respond to full power dispatches
Guaranteed less than 1% degradation per year
Energy – sustain full power with minimum of 250kW-hr.
Round-trip Efficiency – 80% or better at 480V PCS output
State-of-Health Test – capacity and impedance health measurements of all cells
Discharge / Charge Sequence – no limit on ramp rate or number of cycles
Monthly and Tri-annual Field Tests, Data Collection, Assessment, and Reports

26. HELCO/Hawi Project Schedule Overview
BESS
Vendor selected (Altairnano and Parker)
Agreements signed, equipment ordered and pre-shipment testing completed – 2/10/12
Site
Ground Breaking at Hawi Site – 3/29/12
Site commissioning – 3Q 2012
Acceptance Testing – 3Q 2012
Control Algorithm
Control system development - 3Q/4Q 2012,
Operational by late 4Q 2012
Analysis
Data collection, analysis, and assessment thru Q 2015

27. Ancillary Services for Distributed PV
ALTI 1MW, 250kW-hr Li-ion titanate battery energy storage system at Waiawa Substation on distribution line with high penetration (900KW) distributed PV
Grid-connected, sited on low side of 1.2MVA 480V/12.47 KV transformer
Closed-loop control system and real-time algorithms to optimize:
Voltage and frequency regulation,
VAR injection,
Load Tap Change control, and
Power quality

28. HECO Project Schedule Overview
BESS
Vendor selected (Altairnano and Parker)
Equipment ordered
Pre-shipment testing – 2Q 2012
Site
Ground Breaking at Waiawa Site – 3Q 2012
Site Commissioning – 4Q 2012
Equipment Acceptance Testing – 4Q 2012
Control Algorithm RT&E
Control System development in 3Q/4Q 2012,
Operational by late 4Q
Data Collection, Analysis, Assessment, and reports and publications through 4Q 2015

29. Electrolyzers as Grid Management Tools
Service
Electrolyzer
Battery
Up Reserve
Yes
Down Reserve
Up Regulation
Down Regulation
Fuel Production No
Voltage/VAR Support
Electrolyzers to be operated dynamically to assess any degradation and loss in performance
Test protocols based on BESS experiments

30. Big Island Hydrogen Infrastructure
Hydrogen Dispensing under Grid Management Program
H2-fueled shuttle buses
Hydrogen Delivery Trailer with cascade fill process that eliminates onsite compressor
Geothermal Powered Hydrogen Production
Hydrogen Dispensing under Hawaii Power Park Program

31. Maui Smart Grid Projects
Maui Smart Grid Demonstration Project (DOE to HNEI)
DOE Renewable Distributed Systems Integration (RDWI) project
In-home smart-grid management and utility storage
Japan-US Island Grid Initiative (NEDO to Hitachi)
Result of US-Japanese ……
NEDO funded Hitachi led consortium
Focus on PV, Smart Inverters, and EV management
Smart Grid Enabled PV Inverters
Demonstration of advanced grid functionality in smart grid environment
Three projects have partners in common and propose to share hardware, results, and lessons learned

32. DOE RDSI MAUI SMART GRID PROJECT
Sentech, Inc.

33. Maui Smart Grid Maui Key Objectives: Reduce peak demand 15%
Kahului
Maui Meadows
Kihei
Wailea
Wailea Substation
Key Objectives:
Reduce peak demand 15%
Improve reliability and power quality
Inform consumer decision making
Integrate variable renewables
Project will use 2 Wailea Sub.
Maui Meadows: 650+ homes
Other circuit with resorts and commercial

34. DOE RDSI Maui Smart Grid
Solar PV monitoring
Smart Thermostat
Load Control Switches
In-home display
Home Area Network
Demand response
Monitor PV
Customer feedback
Advanced Metering Infrastructure
Two-way comms
Voltage monitoring
Outage detection
SSN Data Center
MECO Data Center
Wailea Sub Station
Internet
MECO
Backhaul
Maui Meadows
SSN Mesh
Voltage
Monitor
DMS
Areva EMS
Distribution Management
System
Aggregate DER
Decision support
Volt / VAr Control
Improve visibility
Battery
Energy
Storage
System
Current monitoring device
Distribution Monitoring
Current measurements 34

35. RDSI Project Schedule Overview
AMI, HAN
Back office setup started, equipment ordered and shipping, installations begin in late March
BESS
Vendor selected, system operational late 2012
Outreach.
Siting
Ongoing outreach for community acceptance
Over 100 volunteer homes (goal is 200)
DMS
System development in Q1/Q2 2012, Operational by late Q2

36. DOE Solar Energy Grid Integration Systems (SEGIS)
Development and Demonstration of Smart Grid-Enabled PV Inverters

37. Fronius Inverters with Advanced Grid Functionality (AGF)
Reactive power supply
Fixed power factor value
Power dependent control
Voltage dependent control algorithms
Remote controlled reactive power
Frequency dependent behaviour
Dynamic behaviour during faults
Remote power reduction
Fronius IG Plus
Martin Heidl
1st Inverter and PV System Technology Forum 2011

38. PV Inverters Integrated into Home Area Network (HAN) enabling two-way communication and grid support features
Smart Grid-Enabled Inverter
Integrate into Utility Software Applications
SSN
Smart Meter
Fronius Inverter: 3 kW - 5 kW
Grid support features developed to meet German grid codes
Taking advantage of advanced inverter development in Europe

39. SEGIS-AC Project Schedule Overview
Year 1
(2012)
Design, integrate, test, and assess Smart Inverter communications hardware, software, and firmware. Detailed scoping of demonstration sites.
Year 2
(2013)
Field deployments of new systems at Japan-US Island Grid Project site and at Oklahoma Gas and Electric
Year 3
(2014)
Field tests, data collection, analysis, assessment, and reports and publications

40. Japan-US Island Grid Initiative
Utility Operations
Control Center
Wind turbine
Photovoltaic
Task (I)
Electric Vehicle (EV) Based Remote Island Smart Grid Model on Maui
Substation
Information
Power
Transmission Grid
Substation
Distribution Grid
Task (II)
Smart Grid Model at a Substation with One Distribution Grid Level
DMS
Information
Power
Distribution Grid
November 2009 President Obama and then Prime Minister Hatoyama signed “US-Japan Cooperation on Clean Energy Technologies
μ-DMS
EV/PHEV
Task (III)
Smart Grid Project for Low-voltage Transformer Level Systems
e-Parking
Rent cars

41. Elements of Biomass Research at the Hawaii Natural Energy Institute

43. Research and the Bioenergy Industry Value Chain
Feedstock
Production
Feedstock
Logistics
Conversion
Distribution
End Use
Agriculture ---- Industry ---- Investors ---- Government ---- Community
Feedstock Production - CTAHR Gasification & Contaminant Removal - HNEI
Fuel Fit for Purpose – ONR
Biofuel supply requires a value train approach shown in the green box on top and the pictures below
Also requires development of supporting business components etc. as shown in the blue box
Our activities include the feedstock/conversion coordinated development effort with CTAHR
Biomass/biofuel/bioenergy resource assessment efforts
Technology assessments in support of biofuel industry
Technology development
Biofuel fit for purpose
Technology Assessments HC&S
Resource Assessment – DOE
GIS Tools Development
Technology
Development
Life Cycle Assessment – NSF Center for Bioenergy Research & Development

44. Current Biofuels Activities
Resource Assessment/Planning
Hawaii Bioenergy Master plan
GIS-based analysis of bioenergy production potential
Technology Development
Thermochemical and biochemical processing
Separations
High value product development
Biofuel Evaluation (Fit-for-use)
Microbial Activity
Corrosion
Storage Stability
Life Cycle Analysis
Assessment of supply chain elements
Feedstock production

45. Hawaii National Marine Renewable Energy Center
Facilitate development of Wave Energy Conversion devices
Support grid connected in-water testing by developers to achieve higher TRLs;
Support developers with resource data and models for concept and design evaluation; environmental characterization
Working with DOE and Navy develop Wave Energy Test Site (WETS) at Marine Corps Base HI
NavFAC sponsored Industry Day, March 26, 2012
Reduce Risk of Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC) Component Technologies
Testing of innovative heat exchangers at NELHA by Makai Ocean Engineering
Resource and environmental assessments to support industry