1. Age of Catholic Christianity III Heresy-Orthodoxy-The Canon

2. The Canon

3. Requirements for Canonization 1.Power over lives of people 2.Must be used in Worship 3.Direct connection to apostle 4.Written in or around Palestine

4. The Necessity of the Canon A.K.A. Heretics

5. Marcion c.110-160 HereticHeretic Son of a bishopSon of a bishop Excommunicated for heresy, contempt of authority and maybe seducing a virginExcommunicated for heresy, contempt of authority and maybe seducing a virgin Studied under the Gnostic CerdoStudied under the Gnostic Cerdo Wrote AntithesisWrote Antithesis Met PolycarpMet Polycarp

6. Marcion’s Beliefs 1.OT God and Jews were Evil 2.NT God gracious and good 3.Wrote an 11 book Canon including a mangled Luke and 11 of Paul’s epistles

7. Mani 215-277 Most influential GnosticMost influential Gnostic Persian philosopherPersian philosopher Systematized Manichæism creating a long lasting systemSystematized Manichæism creating a long lasting system Martyred in Persia 277ADMartyred in Persia 277AD

8. Beliefs of Manichæism 1.Signaculum Oris – Purity in word and diet 2.Signaculum manuum – Renunciation of material pursuits 3.Signaculum sinus – celibacy 4.2 classes – “Perfect” and “Hearers” 5.12 Apostles->72 Bishops->72 Disciples

9. Montanus Mid-Late 2 nd Century Heterodox - Semi HereticHeterodox - Semi Heretic From Asia MinorFrom Asia Minor Somnambulistic EcstasiesSomnambulistic Ecstasies Inspired organ of the ParacleteInspired organ of the Paraclete Had 2 main Prophetesses Priscilla & MaximillaHad 2 main Prophetesses Priscilla & Maximilla

10. Montanists, Phrygians, and Cataphrygians 1.The Pneumatics “Spiritual Christians” 2.Combated Gnosticism 3.Asceticism 4.No forgiveness for mortal sin post-baptism 5.Miraculous Gifts - especially prophecy 6.Universal Priesthood 7.Millenarianism

11. Apologists Justin MartyrJustin Martyr TertullianTertullian

12. Quintus Septimius Florens Tertullianus Tertullian c.155-230 Born in CarthageBorn in Carthage Married and CelibateMarried and Celibate Eminent Theologian/ApologistEminent Theologian/Apologist 1 st to use term Trinity1 st to use term Trinity Wrote ApologeticusWrote Apologeticus Attacked GnosticsAttacked Gnostics Became a MontanistBecame a Montanist

13. Polemicists

14. Irenæus c.130-202 Disciple of PolycarpDisciple of Polycarp 1 st to use the entire New Testament1 st to use the entire New Testament The enemy of error and schismThe enemy of error and schism Anti-Gnostic – He wrote a 5 volume Refutation of GnosticismAnti-Gnostic – He wrote a 5 volume Refutation of Gnosticism

15. Scientific Theologians

16. Origenes Adamantius Origen c.182-251 Studied under any and everyone even hereticsStudied under any and everyone even heretics 3 level method of scripture interpretation: literal, moral, and spiritual3 level method of scripture interpretation: literal, moral, and spiritual The 3 rd leader of the Alexandrian School from 202-232The 3 rd leader of the Alexandrian School from 202-232 Started his own school in CæsareaStarted his own school in Cæsarea Very, Very, VERY AsceticVery, Very, VERY Ascetic Tortured under Decius then died after releaseTortured under Decius then died after release