1. Connecting Medical Devices to Cell Phones Mentor: Prof. K. Mani Chandy Co-Mentor: Dr. Julian Bunn By: Victor Chu & Aleksander Palatnik October 2009

2.  Who Supported Us  Modern Medicine  Stethoscope  Electrocardiogram  Objectives  Platform  Stethoscope & Results  Electrocardiogram & Results  Future Plans  Acknowledgments & References

3.  Infospheres Group ◦ Sense and Respond ◦ Prof. K Mani Chandy ◦ Projects include:  Virtual Environments for Radiation Detection  The Event Driven Web  Personal Monitors  Dr. Julian Bunn  Prof. Chanhuei Yang

4.  Expensive Devices ◦ Spirometer  Device: $10 - $500+ ◦ Echocardiograms (Ultrasound)  Procedure + Interpretation: $250 - $600 ◦ Electrocardiogram  Device: $300 - $1500  Procedure + Interpretation: $30 - $60 ◦ Stethoscope  Device: $1 - $300  Procedure + Interpretation: $45 - $80  Preliminary Screening

5. Stethoscope  Auscultation o Measurement and interpretation of heart sounds o A bell with a diaphragm amplifies the audio produced by blood moving within the heart o 1-3Hz signal from heart beat o Higher frequencies from turbulence (Murmurs)

6.  Transthoracic interpretation of electrical activity of the heart  Multiple Leads – Can be 3, 5, 12, etc.  High Pass Filter 1 Hz  Low Pass Filter 40 Hz

7.  Connecting Medical Devices to Cell phones ◦ Cell phones are ubiquitous ◦ Powerful processors ◦ Ability to transmit data  Stethoscope ◦ Inexpensive and simple device ◦ Can indicate many heart problems  Electrocardiogram ◦ Relatively inexpensive platform ◦ Extremely valuable diagnostic tool

8.  G1 Google Android phone (HTC Dream) ◦ Developer’s Edition ◦ Java ◦ Android Emulator  Samsung SGH- A737 ◦ Testing Purposes

9. Stethoscope Connections  Littman Stethoscope  $50 - $300  Budget Stethoscope  $1 - $5  3M Poster Strips  Used to create a seal between stethoscope and microphone  Strip of foam with adhesive on both sides

10.  Stethoscope Recording  Performed several recordings using a built-in laptop microphone with the Audacity program  Applied noise-reduction, amplification  Low-cost stethoscope:  Littmann stethoscope:

11.  Peak-finding algorithm  Time-domain only  Based on Envelope  Peak determination by variable thresholding  Median Filter  Looking between peaks yields murmur level  Functional up to medium-severity murmur

12.  Passive Analog Circuit ◦ 9 Volt Battery Power Source ◦ 400x amplification ◦ Analog output

13. Electrocardiogram Connections  3 Leads ◦ Body ◦ 2 Signal  Pre–1984 Pennies + Lotion ◦ Copper  Q-Trace Electrodes

14. Electrocardiogram Results  Laptop Results ◦ Audacity ◦ High Pass Filter 1 Hertz, Low Pass Filter 40 Hertz

15. Electrocardiogram Results  Waves identifiable ◦ P, Q, R, S components visible ◦ T Wave not visible

16.  Develop software for stethoscope System ◦ Migrate code to cellular phone system ◦ Improve artifact resistance ◦ Improve pathology detection  Develop better hardware for ECG system ◦ Stabilize system ◦ Implement more efficient designs ◦ Minimize costs

17.  Prof. K. Mani Chandy  Dr. Julian Bunn  Dr. Danny Petrasek  Prof. Al Barr  Prof. Chanhuei Yang  Surf Office

18. Thank You and Have a good summer! Victor Chu Aleks Palatnik

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