1. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University Finding the language of the ePortfolio Talk the talk

2. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University Overview Speaking different languages The language of an ePortfolio The design of a first year engineering unit The language of a reflective engineer

3. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University ePortfolios and reflection An ePortfolio provides a scaffolded opportunity for students to achieve higher order thinking: Allow and encourage student autonomy Empower students to take responsibility for their own learning Use of an ePortfolio system requires a “considerable level of learner autonomy and initiative, of learner responsibility for their learning and of opportunities to refine their learning based on feedback from the teacher.” (Stefani, Mason & Pegler, p.12)

4. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University PebblePad and reflection Reflection as an intrinsic part of PebblePad “At every step of the way PebblePad users are prompted to consider ‘Why?’, ‘So what?’, ‘What if?’ and ‘What now?’” Sutherland, Brotchie & Chesney (2011), p.24 “This inbuilt reflective structure is what transforms PebblePad into a space where learning is generated rather than simply collected and evidenced.”

5. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University PebblePad and reflection Reflection as an intrinsic part of PebblePad Education reflection Management reflection task

6. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University Perceptions in engineering Negative attitude towards writing (Beer, 2002) Engineering is a practical “real world” skill, not a classroom skill (Dunsmore, 2011) Disregard of ‘reflection’: “I really don’t see how writing a blog will make me an engineer.” (Faulkner & Azin, 2011, p.13)

7. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University What’s the point? Why use an ePortolio at all? Improve writing skills First year engineering unit PebblePad task: Present work Improve employability skills

8. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University First year engineering ePortfolio Task: Introduce yourself from a professional perspective; Introduce your practical project; Show evidence of the skills you have developed in sustainability, safety and team work. Task: Introduce yourself from a professional perspective; Introduce your practical project; Show evidence of the skills you have developed in sustainability, safety and team work.

9. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University Unit Learning outcomes

10. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University Engineers Australia Competencies Outcomes are linked to the professional competencies: Ethics – EA Competency 3.1 Sustainability – EA Competency 1.6, 2.3 Safety – EA Competency 1.6, 2.1 2.3, 3.1 Team work – EA Competency 3.6

11. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University Reflection for engineers Clemson University. (2013) Bloom’s Taxonomy Action Verbs.

12. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University Language items searched TermBloomLvlTermBloomLvl descr*Knowledge1analy*Analysis4 discus*Knowledge1critical*Analysis4 identi*Knowledge1differenti*Analysis4 outlin*Knowledge1illustr*Analysis4 recogni*Knowledge1infer*Analysis4 question*Analysis4 demonstr*Comprehension2 disting*Comprehension2plan*Synthesis5 expla*Comprehension2synthesi*Synthesis5 expressComprehension2 extendComprehension2apprais*Evaluation6 review*Comprehension2assessEvaluation6 summar*Comprehension2evaluat*Evaluation6 interpret*Evaluation6 apply*Application3judg*Evaluation6 predict*Application3justif*Evaluation6 solv*Application3relat*Evaluation6

13. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University

14. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University Text analysis of tutor feedback 1 st year engineering students – feedback from tutors

15. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University Comparison with EA Professional competencies STAGE 1 COMPETENCY STANDARD FOR PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER ROLE DESCRIPTION - THE MATURE, PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER The following characterises the senior practice role that the mature, Professional Engineer may be expected to fulfil and has been extracted from the role portrayed in the Engineers Australia - Chartered Status Handbook. Professional Engineers are required to take responsibility for engineering projects and programs in the most far-reaching sense. This includes the reliable functioning of all materials, components, sub-systems and technologies used; their integration to form a complete, sustainable and self-consistent system; and all interactions between the technical system and the context within which it functions. The latter includes understanding the requirements of clients, wide ranging stakeholders and of society as a whole; working to optimise social, environmental and economic outcomes over the full lifetime of the engineering product or program; interacting effectively with other disciplines, professions and people; and ensuring that the engineering contribution is properly integrated into the totality of the undertaking. Professional Engineers are responsible for interpreting technological possibilities to society, business and government; and for ensuring as far as possible that policy decisions are properly informed by such possibilities and consequences, and that costs, risks and limitations are properly understood as the desirable outcomes. Professional Engineers are responsible for bringing knowledge to bear from multiple sources to develop solutions to complex problems and issues, for ensuring that technical and non-technical considerations are properly integrated, and for managing risk as well as sustainability issues. While the outcomes of engineering have physical forms, the work of Professional Engineers is predominantly intellectual in nature. In a technical sense, Professional Engineers are primarily concerned with the advancement of technologies and with the development of new technologies and their applications through innovation, creativity and change. Professional Engineers may conduct research concerned with advancing the science of engineering and with developing new principles and technologies within a broad engineering discipline. Alternatively, they may contribute to continual improvement in the practice of engineering, and in devising and updating the codes and standards that govern it. Professional Engineers have a particular responsibility for ensuring that all aspects of a project are soundly based in theory and fundamental principle, and for understanding clearly how new developments relate to established practice and experience and to other disciplines with which they may interact. One hallmark of a professional is the capacity to break new ground in an informed, responsible and sustainable fashion. Professional Engineers may lead or manage teams appropriate to these activities, and may establish their own companies or move into senior management roles in engineering and related enterprises. STAGE 1 COMPETENCY STANDARD FOR PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER ROLE DESCRIPTION - THE MATURE, PROFESSIONAL ENGINEER The following characterises the senior practice role that the mature, Professional Engineer may be expected to fulfil and has been extracted from the role portrayed in the Engineers Australia - Chartered Status Handbook. Professional Engineers are required to take responsibility for engineering projects and programs in the most far-reaching sense. This includes the reliable functioning of all materials, components, sub-systems and technologies used; their integration to form a complete, sustainable and self-consistent system; and all interactions between the technical system and the context within which it functions. The latter includes understanding the requirements of clients, wide ranging stakeholders and of society as a whole; working to optimise social, environmental and economic outcomes over the full lifetime of the engineering product or program; interacting effectively with other disciplines, professions and people; and ensuring that the engineering contribution is properly integrated into the totality of the undertaking. Professional Engineers are responsible for interpreting technological possibilities to society, business and government; and for ensuring as far as possible that policy decisions are properly informed by such possibilities and consequences, and that costs, risks and limitations are properly understood as the desirable outcomes. Professional Engineers are responsible for bringing knowledge to bear from multiple sources to develop solutions to complex problems and issues, for ensuring that technical and non-technical considerations are properly integrated, and for managing risk as well as sustainability issues. While the outcomes of engineering have physical forms, the work of Professional Engineers is predominantly intellectual in nature. In a technical sense, Professional Engineers are primarily concerned with the advancement of technologies and with the development of new technologies and their applications through innovation, creativity and change. Professional Engineers may conduct research concerned with advancing the science of engineering and with developing new principles and technologies within a broad engineering discipline. Alternatively, they may contribute to continual improvement in the practice of engineering, and in devising and updating the codes and standards that govern it. Professional Engineers have a particular responsibility for ensuring that all aspects of a project are soundly based in theory and fundamental principle, and for understanding clearly how new developments relate to established practice and experience and to other disciplines with which they may interact. One hallmark of a professional is the capacity to break new ground in an informed, responsible and sustainable fashion. Professional Engineers may lead or manage teams appropriate to these activities, and may establish their own companies or move into senior management roles in engineering and related enterprises.

16. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University Comparison with WA teaching competencies

17. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University ‘Reflection’ in teaching competencies

18. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University What does this tell us? The field of engineering: Specific language for reflective skills plan evaluate interpret justify Require increasingly complex reflective tasks as they move towards graduation.

19. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University Where to from here? Find the language of the discipline Build it into the ePortfolio task Dowling, Carew & Hadgraft, 2012 The Design CycleAlternative Design Process Arulampalam, ECU, 2013

20. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University Unit Learning outcomes

21. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University Supporting the process To integrate PebblePad into a new discipline Use the language of the field Bend the tool, not the people.

22. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University Your turn What is the language of reflection for your discipline? How can you adapt PebblePad to suit your needs?

23. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University References Beer, D.F., "Reflections on why engineering students don't like to write - and what we can do about it," Professional Communication Conference, 2002. IPCC 2002. Proceedings. IEEE International, pp.364-368, 2002. Retrieved from http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1049119&isnumber=22469 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=1049119&isnumber=22469 Clemson University (n.d.) Bloom’s Taxonomy Action Verbs. Retrieved from http://www.clemson.edu/assessment/assessmentpractices/referencematerials/documents/Blooms %20Taxonomy%20Action%20Verbs.pdf http://www.clemson.edu/assessment/assessmentpractices/referencematerials/documents/Blooms %20Taxonomy%20Action%20Verbs.pdf Department of Education and Training (2004). Comptency framework for teachers. Retrieved from http://det.wa.edu.au/policies/detcms/policy-planning-and-accountability/policies- framework/guidelines/competency-framework-for- teachers.en?oid=com.arsdigita.cms.contenttypes.guideline-id-3738620 http://det.wa.edu.au/policies/detcms/policy-planning-and-accountability/policies- framework/guidelines/competency-framework-for- teachers.en?oid=com.arsdigita.cms.contenttypes.guideline-id-3738620 Dunsmore, K., Turns, J. and Yellin, J. M. (2011), Looking Toward the Real World: Student Conceptions of Engineering. Journal of Engineering Education, 100: 329–348. Engineer Australia (n.d.) Stage 1 competency standard for professional engineer. Retrieved from http://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/sites/default/files/shado/Education/Program%20Accreditatio n/110318%20Stage%201%20Professional%20Engineer.pdf http://www.engineersaustralia.org.au/sites/default/files/shado/Education/Program%20Accreditatio n/110318%20Stage%201%20Professional%20Engineer.pdf

24. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University Faulkner, M. and Azin, S. M. (2011). Stimulating self assessment and reflection in first year engineering using ePortfolios. Ergo. 2(2), 5-17. Retrieved from www.adelaide.edu.au/herga/ergo/0202/ergo_v2n2_p5-17.pdf www.adelaide.edu.au/herga/ergo/0202/ergo_v2n2_p5-17.pdf Prince, M. Does Active Learning Work? A Review of the Research. Journal of Engineering Education. 93(3), 223-231 Riedinger, B. (2006). "Mining for Meaning: Teaching students how to reflect". Ch.10 in Handbook of Research on ePortfolios, Jafari, A., & Kaufman, C. (Ed.) (2006). Hershey, PA: IGI Global. pp.89- 100. Schön, D.A. (1987). Educating the reflective practitioner. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass Stefani, L., Manson, R. & Pegler, C. (2007). The educational potential of eportfolios: Supporting personal development and reflective learning. New York: Routledge. References (cont.)

25. Centre for Learning and Development Edith Cowan University References (cont.) Sutherland, S. Brotchie, J. and Chesney, S. Pebblegogy: Ideas and activities to inspire and engage learners. Pebble Learning Ltd: Telford, UK. Western Australian Department of Education and Training. (2004). Competency framework for teachers. Retrieved from http://det.wa.edu.au/policies/detcms/policy-planning-and- accountability/policies-framework/guidelines/competency-framework-for- teachers.en?oid=com.arsdigita.cms.contenttypes.guideline-id-3738620-id-3738620http://det.wa.edu.au/policies/detcms/policy-planning-and- accountability/policies-framework/guidelines/competency-framework-for- teachers.en?oid=com.arsdigita.cms.contenttypes.guideline-id-3738620-id-3738620