1. Slide title In CAPITALS 50 pt Slide subtitle 32 pt Advanced Paradigms for Building Convergent Next Generation Services. Service Composition and Service Brokerage in Multimedia Architectures Dr. Sorin Georgescu sorin.georgescu@ericsson.com

2. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu2 Agenda  NG Service Platform  Multimedia Services Ontology  Service Composition Patterns  Adding Semantics to Service Composition  Enhancing the Business Model through Service Brokerage

3. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu3 Next Generation Networks Evolution Drivers Societal and Business trends Internet is becoming a major enabler of communications Consumers are embracing computing, mobile and digital technology in their everyday life Evolution of Business models require increased levels of personal mobility Societal and Business trends Internet is becoming a major enabler of communications Consumers are embracing computing, mobile and digital technology in their everyday life Evolution of Business models require increased levels of personal mobility Access Technology Enhancements HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) – evolved WCDMA OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) – 3GPP LTE, WiMAX, MBWA, ADSL/VDSL, DVB-T/H etc. Spatial Processing – multi-antennas Base Stations supporting advanced spatial processing Access Technology Enhancements HSPA (High Speed Packet Access) – evolved WCDMA OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access) – 3GPP LTE, WiMAX, MBWA, ADSL/VDSL, DVB-T/H etc. Spatial Processing – multi-antennas Base Stations supporting advanced spatial processing Convergence Converged devices (Mobile, WLAN, Internet etc.)  Connectivity Converged services  Ease of use Converged networks  Reliability, Security, Reduced OPEX/CAPEX Converged business models  Increased margins, Avoidance of twin pitfalls risk Convergence Converged devices (Mobile, WLAN, Internet etc.)  Connectivity Converged services  Ease of use Converged networks  Reliability, Security, Reduced OPEX/CAPEX Converged business models  Increased margins, Avoidance of twin pitfalls risk

4. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu4 The Evolution to Multimedia Applications A Mobile View Non-Interactive Multimedia Image SMS MMS Presence Active phonebook Push-To-Talk Text Voice P2P Calls Video Person-to-Person dominates traffic growth Movies Photos Internet Text/Pictures SMS/MMS HTTP Streaming Download Video Music Ring tone Person-to-Content known usability patterns Interactive Multimedia Multimedia Content Social Networking

5. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu5 IMS – 3GPP Architecture for Convergent Next Generation Services IMS is an open IP-based architecture using the Client-Server Network Computing model. 3GPP originally specified IMS to enable real-time multimedia services over the IP bearer, in GSM and W-CDMA networks. Later, 3GPP2 specified the MMD architecture for CDMA2000 networks based on IMS. 3GPP2 requirements are part of Common IMS in IMS release 8. The xDSL access, specified by TISPAN, is integrated into IMS. The cable access, specified by CableLabs in PacketCable 2.0, is part of IMS release 8. Interworking with WLAN was specified in IMS release 6, while the mobility with WiMAX has been addressed in EPC specifications. If IMS is not used: Multimedia communication at best effort Service roaming can be difficult to implement Provisioning and charging are service specific Compliance with LI requirements can be an issue If IMS is not used: Multimedia communication at best effort Service roaming can be difficult to implement Provisioning and charging are service specific Compliance with LI requirements can be an issue

6. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu6 IMS Service Routing – the IFCs P-CSCF Visited A P-CSCF Visited B S-CSCF IMS AS HSS S-CSCF IMS AS HSS I-CSCF 1 2 3 4 Home A Home B 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 In comparison to IETF SIP Routing where the originator of SIP request may specify a preferred path in the Route header, in IMS the P-CSCF removes this path and ensures that IMS SIP Routing is followed. SIP requests in IMS architecture are always routed to the Home S-CSCF, in both the originating and terminating network. The S-CSCF uses subscriber’s Service Profile (downloaded during registration), to link-in the SIP AS’ which will process the SIP request. The Initial Filter Criteria (IFC) within the Subscriber Profile provide a simple service logic to decide which AS shall be linked-in. These rules are of static nature i.e. they do not change frequently. IMS Service Routing = Service Profile based Routing

7. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu7 Limitations of ISC Service Orchestration Model The application server decides whether to remain linked-in for the whole session by adding its address to the Record-Route SIP header. Application Servers are unaware of the existence of other AS', and whether these will be linked-in. No service or session state will be passed between application servers unless they use proprietary extensions i.e. are co-designed. Response messages are routed to the AS’s in the reverse order S-CSCF HSS SIP-AS I-CSCF S-CSCF HSS SIP-AS I-CSCF If during call handling procedure an AS retargets the SIP request by changing the Request URI, subsequent filter analysis in the S-CSCF is stopped and the S-CSCF forwards the request towards the new target without linking-in the other AS’ specified by IFC. Req URI = A Req URI = B 1 2

8. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu8 NG Service Platform The IMS-based Design

9. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu9

10. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu10 NG Service Platform Functional Description Service Composition: Invokes the services published by external Service Providers which are interconnected in a Service Overlay Network. Services can be linked in statically (BPEL workflows) or dynamically, using their semantic description (OWL-S) Corresponds to the network-centric composition model => lower complexity of client implementation. Service Mediation: Mediates service protocols, data format, identity, security features, business processes Service Brokerage: Negotiates with other brokers in the Service Overlay Network the services which the Service Composition function will invoke. Uses context information to bind services based on dynamic conditions. Service Discovery: Publishes local services and performs service searches in the Service Overlay Network. Searches can be static (UDDI queries) or dynamic (UDDI queries with constrains, SWS Proxy queries).

11. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu11 Agenda  NG Service Platform  Multimedia Services Ontology  Service Composition Patterns  Adding Semantics to Service Composition  Enhancing the Business Model through Service Brokerage

12. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu12 Service Modeling using Ontologies Gruber, 1993: “An Ontology is a formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualization of a domain.” Formal = unambiguous, machine understandable, described using a formal language Explicit = precise, clarifying the subject Conceptualization = abstract representation of the object of study Gruber, 1993: “An Ontology is a formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualization of a domain.” Formal = unambiguous, machine understandable, described using a formal language Explicit = precise, clarifying the subject Conceptualization = abstract representation of the object of study Ontologies consist of a set of axioms which place constrains on classes of individuals, and the types of relationships allowed between them. Can be described in graphical form (ex. RDF, UML) or logical form (ex. Description Logic, Rules). Ontologies consist of a set of axioms which place constrains on classes of individuals, and the types of relationships allowed between them. Can be described in graphical form (ex. RDF, UML) or logical form (ex. Description Logic, Rules). Semantic Web Stack User Interface and Applications Trust Encryption Proof RIF/ SWRL OWL Logic RDFS SPARQL RDF XML URI Unicode RDF/S = Resource Description Framework / Schema OWL = Ontology Web Language SWRL = Semantic Web Rule Language RIF = Rules Interchange Format

13. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu13 Multimedia Services Ontology Multimedia Services Ontology is a sub-ontology of Multimedia Ontology which is associated to Multimedia Communication domain. Multimedia Ontology makes multimedia services provided by various Service Providers (Telecom, IT, Web 2.0) interoperable. Multimedia Services Ontology is a sub-ontology of Multimedia Ontology which is associated to Multimedia Communication domain. Multimedia Ontology makes multimedia services provided by various Service Providers (Telecom, IT, Web 2.0) interoperable. Constructs of the ontology: Syntactic/semantic description of offered services (WSDL/OWL) Description of mediation functions that can be linked-in at run-time Description of data published Specification of communication protocols Description of Service Composition framework. Should include, if applicable, the description of the language used to specify the semantic composition Constructs of the ontology: Syntactic/semantic description of offered services (WSDL/OWL) Description of mediation functions that can be linked-in at run-time Description of data published Specification of communication protocols Description of Service Composition framework. Should include, if applicable, the description of the language used to specify the semantic composition Multimedia Ontology Services Sub-ontology Identity Sub-ontology Presence Sub-ontology Content Sub-ontology Security Sub-ontology Context Sub-ontology

14. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu14 Agenda  NG Service Platform  Multimedia Services Ontology  Service Composition Patterns  Adding Semantics to Service Composition  Enhancing the Business Model through Service Brokerage

15. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu15 Service Oriented Computing (SOC) Service composition types: Service Orchestration = centralized engine which coordinates composed services according to a set of rules (workflow specification) Service Choreography = multiple actors/agents participate at the implementation of service composition (orchestration between every pair of choreographers) Service composition types: Service Orchestration = centralized engine which coordinates composed services according to a set of rules (workflow specification) Service Choreography = multiple actors/agents participate at the implementation of service composition (orchestration between every pair of choreographers) Distributed Computing Evolution Message Driven (MOM) Components (Corba, EJB) Client/Server Service Oriented (SOA, Web 3.0) In SOC, applications are statically/dynamically composed using services deployed in the network. The collaboration model can be transactional (synchronous), or workflow-based (asynchronous) SOA is one possible realization framework of SOC. The communication paradigm typically used in SOA is Web Services Web Services are: − Published (WSDL, OWL, SWSF) − Deployed − Discovered (UDDI, WSMO) − Invoked (SOAP) In SOC, applications are statically/dynamically composed using services deployed in the network. The collaboration model can be transactional (synchronous), or workflow-based (asynchronous) SOA is one possible realization framework of SOC. The communication paradigm typically used in SOA is Web Services Web Services are: − Published (WSDL, OWL, SWSF) − Deployed − Discovered (UDDI, WSMO) − Invoked (SOAP)

16. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu16 Service Oriented Computing (cont.) Static Service Composition Developer Studio End User Studio Service Creation Environment Publish UDDI Composition Engine Discover User / Service Profile User context BPEL Rules Ambient context Service Discovery and Publication Temporal context Broker Context

17. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu17 Web 2.0 in SOC landscape Tim O’Reilly Web 2.0 definition: The Web as a platform Leverages customer data management (mash- ups) and user interaction model. Hence the challenge is to own core data (presence, location, identity, namespaces) Promotes service evolution through user contributions. The API’s exposed are simple enough so anybody can innovate. No more software release cycles. Services are permanently in beta release. Syndication of data instead of control. The data owner is actually paid by the advertisers. Multi-device client (ex. Google/Open Handset Alliance Android mobile platform) Rich user experience

18. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu18 Web 2.0 Design Elements Devices Transport / Control Layer Service Enablers Application Social APIs Social Applications Blogs, Wikis, IM & Chat Buddy List, Mashups Publishing, Content Sharing Open APIs: REST, RSS, JSON, SOAP, XML Widgets: OpenSocial, Web Widgets, Gadgets, Badges Syndication: RSS, ATOM OpenSocial highlights: Based on open standards (XML, HTML, Javascript, ATOM and REST). Uses Google Gadgets FW. Can be combined with OpenID (common identity framework). Personal data moves from site to site. Each API addresses one area: People & Friends, Activities, Persistence, General API. OpenSocial highlights: Based on open standards (XML, HTML, Javascript, ATOM and REST). Uses Google Gadgets FW. Can be combined with OpenID (common identity framework). Personal data moves from site to site. Each API addresses one area: People & Friends, Activities, Persistence, General API. Mashup highlights: Aggregation of data centric network services using asynchronous interactions (AJAX) Implemented with client/server or three-tier architectures: – Content/API provider: shares mashable data objects typically retrieved using RSS, ATOM, SOAP, REST interfaces or “Screen Scraping” – Mashup hosting site (in three-tier architecture): server which aggregates data using Java Servlets, CGI, PHP or ASP. – Mashup client: uses client scripts (JavaScript) or applets to allow support of Rich Internet Applications (RIA) Data may be cached in the client device (SQLite) Mashup highlights: Aggregation of data centric network services using asynchronous interactions (AJAX) Implemented with client/server or three-tier architectures: – Content/API provider: shares mashable data objects typically retrieved using RSS, ATOM, SOAP, REST interfaces or “Screen Scraping” – Mashup hosting site (in three-tier architecture): server which aggregates data using Java Servlets, CGI, PHP or ASP. – Mashup client: uses client scripts (JavaScript) or applets to allow support of Rich Internet Applications (RIA) Data may be cached in the client device (SQLite) Social Network Diagram

19. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu19 Service Composition in Web 2.0 Compared to BPEL/WSCI developer-centric composition, Web 2.0 uses ad-hoc composition. The user builds the composite service “on-the-fly” from data retrieved from the network. Mobile devices (Smartphones) now have 128MB of RAM and 620 Mhz CPU, so Web 2.0 clients can now be mobile. Web 2.0 application design is performed by the end user who in essence, has low programming skills. The service composition is defined through interaction with a GUI. Client controlled composition Development: client components use APIs to access server data Execution: components run on the client and pre-fetch data from the server Server controlled composition (early stage) Development: the server uses public APIs to link services into new services Execution: the client invokes the server which acts as an orchestrator Photo Storage Data BaseNode Service Application Logic Page Logic API Templates Endpoints EmailFlickr.com3PP Appl. Flickr Appl Flicker Architecture

20. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu20 SOA Reference Model SOA Service Description Model What is SOA: A paradigm which defines concepts and general techniques for the design, encapsulation and instantiation of reusable business functions using loosely coupled service interactions SOA Reference Model: Service Service description Interaction Contract & Policy Visibility Execution Context Real world effect What is SOA: A paradigm which defines concepts and general techniques for the design, encapsulation and instantiation of reusable business functions using loosely coupled service interactions SOA Reference Model: Service Service description Interaction Contract & Policy Visibility Execution Context Real world effect

21. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu21 SOA Service Composition SOA Characteristics  Services have well defined Service Contracts  Services are encapsulated  Services share a message bus and messages exchanged are well documented  Services can be discovered dynamically  Services are loosely coupled  Systems of services are assembled at runtime SOA Characteristics  Services have well defined Service Contracts  Services are encapsulated  Services share a message bus and messages exchanged are well documented  Services can be discovered dynamically  Services are loosely coupled  Systems of services are assembled at runtime Routing based on service identity (equivalent to PSI routing in IMS) Service bus functions: Supports an asynchronous message based communication protocol that uses a common format encoding scheme (SOAP/XML) Routes, Translates and can Store and Forward exchanged messages Supports a Discovery mechanism Service bus functions: Supports an asynchronous message based communication protocol that uses a common format encoding scheme (SOAP/XML) Routes, Translates and can Store and Forward exchanged messages Supports a Discovery mechanism Client

22. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu22 IMS-SOA Architecture Service Enablers: Provide functionality which can be used by other end-user applications (ex. Location Service) Unaware of the context in which they are used. Only the consumer service is aware. Service Bus Handles the communication between IMS Application Servers and the Service Enablers and the communication with SOA Application Servers. Optimized for Server-to-Server communication Besides providing support for standard open protocols (ex. SOAP), may provide support for Native Interface protocols (ex. MLP, MM7, SIP etc.) Service Orchestration The consumer AS that invokes the Service Enabler implements the SCIM function. An external Service Broker may be used as well. IMS Service Enablers are invoked from SOA domain through the GW AS. CSCF IMS AS GW AS Service Bus SOA AS UDDI SOA IMS Orig. network SOAP/XML SB API Schema Service Contract JSR 281 Enabler SB API SIP MLP MM7 Heterogeneous Service Bus IMS-SOA Architecture

23. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu23 Parlay X Web Services WS-I Basic Profile: WSDL + SOAP WS-I Secure Profile: WSDL + SOAP + WS-Security Parlay X Web Services is an abstraction of Parlay WS Parlay X WS GW acts as a Service Broker SCIM Enablers which only support WS-I Basic Profile are enhanced with additional WS functionality such as WS- Security, WS-Policy, WS- Addressing Services defined so far (17) cover: call control, messaging (SMS, MMS), payment, location, geocoding and mapping, presence etc. Described in WSDL. Service discovery is based on UDDI.

24. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu24 Agenda  NG Service Platform  Multimedia Services Ontology  Service Composition Patterns  Adding Semantics to Service Composition  Enhancing the Business Model through Service Brokerage

25. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu25 The Semantic Web Tim Berners-Lee, 2001: “The Semantic Web looks at applications that enable transformations, by being able to take large amounts of data and be able to run models on the fly - whether these are financial models for oil futures, discovering the synergies between biology and chemistry researchers in the Life Sciences, or getting the best price and service on a new pair of hiking boots.” Tim Berners-Lee, 2001: “The Semantic Web looks at applications that enable transformations, by being able to take large amounts of data and be able to run models on the fly - whether these are financial models for oil futures, discovering the synergies between biology and chemistry researchers in the Life Sciences, or getting the best price and service on a new pair of hiking boots.” Highlights: Information on the Web is machine understandable => automatic service discovery, invocation and composition. Modeled as a graph where nodes have semantic descriptions. In Web 1.0 and 2.0 node descriptions are only syntactic. Uses ontologies to represent elements of a domain and their relationships (OWL-S, SWSF, IRS-III, WSMO) Highlights: Information on the Web is machine understandable => automatic service discovery, invocation and composition. Modeled as a graph where nodes have semantic descriptions. In Web 1.0 and 2.0 node descriptions are only syntactic. Uses ontologies to represent elements of a domain and their relationships (OWL-S, SWSF, IRS-III, WSMO) Non-semantic web tag: cat Semantic web tag: cat SWS Service Profile Semantic Modeling using OWL-S Service Grounding Service Model presented by implements interacts using SWS = Semantic Web Service

26. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu26 SWS Execution Engine Semantic Execution Environment Performs semantic information processing and ontology reasoning in order to: − discover and select the matching service − mediate the data, the protocol or the business process associated to service invoked. − invoke the service Supports both the orchestration and choreography paradigms Data exchanged by SWS is described as an ontology. Can be looked at as a SOA implementation which allows to add/remove components at run-time. Web Service Discovery Composition Engine Communication Handler Matchmaker Service Mediation Semantic/Ontology Reasoning Resource DB

27. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu27 Semantic Service Composition Semantic Composition Paradigms: Action Based: the Reasoner uses the semantic description of discovered services to match requester goal at each composition step (run- time). Execution takes place directly through the grounding of the services. AI Planning: a task list is generated to achieve the composition objectives i.e. service selection and flow management. Compensation in case of failure and replanning is a challenge. Examples of AI Planning: Conditional Planning, Conformant Planning, Hierarchical Task Planning (HTP) Hybrid (Xplan): Combines guided local search with graph planning and a light form of HTP to produce a plan sequence of actions. Semantic Composition Paradigms: Action Based: the Reasoner uses the semantic description of discovered services to match requester goal at each composition step (run- time). Execution takes place directly through the grounding of the services. AI Planning: a task list is generated to achieve the composition objectives i.e. service selection and flow management. Compensation in case of failure and replanning is a challenge. Examples of AI Planning: Conditional Planning, Conformant Planning, Hierarchical Task Planning (HTP) Hybrid (Xplan): Combines guided local search with graph planning and a light form of HTP to produce a plan sequence of actions. There is not yet a unifying framework to allow interoperability between intelligent agents / reasoning engines. Y Z X Z X Y Planning - Set of actions - Pos./neg. effects - Initial state description - User’s goal Sequence PDDXML Parser Topology Handler Connectivity Graph Goal Determination Xplan-based Composition Enforced Hill Climbing Engine PDDXML plan description Planning Graph Generation PDDXML problem, domain description

28. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu28 Agenda  NG Service Platform  Multimedia Services Ontology  Service Composition Patterns  Adding Semantics to Service Composition  Enhancing the Business Model through Service Brokerage

29. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu29 Service Brokerage in SOC Service Consumer Service Description Service Provider invoke ( ) bindTo ( ) Service Broker find ( ) negotiate ( ) use offer described in contains description Why we need Service Brokers:  Users are interested to customize service interaction model and run-time features based on context conditions (Ambient Intelligence, Location, Privacy Preferences etc.)  Control of the payment model. Users who do not want adds and are rather looking into QoS and Security/Privacy, need a Service Broker function in the network which can negotiate the service characteristics with multiple service providers based on user profile. Why we need Service Brokers:  Users are interested to customize service interaction model and run-time features based on context conditions (Ambient Intelligence, Location, Privacy Preferences etc.)  Control of the payment model. Users who do not want adds and are rather looking into QoS and Security/Privacy, need a Service Broker function in the network which can negotiate the service characteristics with multiple service providers based on user profile. User / Service Profile User context Ambient context Temporal context Broker Context decisions Google business model: Users accept advertising and profiling in return to free services. AsSense, AdWorks - advertisers/publishers or youTube - content providers/users, perform brokerage at business level. Service Broker functions: Ranks services offered by the Service Providers based on service characteristics. It may do this autonomously (rules based negotiation), or by interacting with the user Matches the service interaction model with context conditions Performs identity and trust brokering Performs payment brokering Handles synchronization between fine-grained services

30. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu30 IMS Payment Brokerage The roles in Payment Model are similar to those in Credit Card industry: − Consumer − Merchant = Content Provider who publishes, supplies and sells content. − Broker/Acquirer − Issuer = Mobile Operator. The Operator uses its existing billing relationship with the consumer to charge for content. The roles in Payment Model are similar to those in Credit Card industry: − Consumer − Merchant = Content Provider who publishes, supplies and sells content. − Broker/Acquirer − Issuer = Mobile Operator. The Operator uses its existing billing relationship with the consumer to charge for content. IMS services standardized so far (MMtel, PoC, Image/Video Share) have been deployed in the operator domain as their target are the telecom communities (mass deployments). Separate from these basic services, it is expected that many new community specific services (niche services) will be provided in the near future by Service Providers. These services use open communication protocols (instead of SIP) and do not handle charging of the user directly. Instead, they use their business and trust relationship with the operator, to delegate payment service. The Payment Brokerage function facilitates the establishment of the business relation between 3rd Party Content/Service Providers and mobile operators. IMS services standardized so far (MMtel, PoC, Image/Video Share) have been deployed in the operator domain as their target are the telecom communities (mass deployments). Separate from these basic services, it is expected that many new community specific services (niche services) will be provided in the near future by Service Providers. These services use open communication protocols (instead of SIP) and do not handle charging of the user directly. Instead, they use their business and trust relationship with the operator, to delegate payment service. The Payment Brokerage function facilitates the establishment of the business relation between 3rd Party Content/Service Providers and mobile operators. Payment Model

31. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu31 Conclusions  Recent deployments of Multimedia and VoIP services in the Telcom and the Internet domain, have determined a blurring of roles in the value chain while at the same time enabling new business models.  Next Generation Services Convergence requires: –Implementation of converged devices (multi-access devices) –Support of a multi-access edge network –Unified roaming and session management framework –Development of service enablers –Interoperability between the native Service Platform (SP) and external Service Overlay Networks  The SP Interoperability Middleware has to provide support for: –Service Composition and Brokerage –Service Mediation –Service Discovery  Service Platform features like Multimodal Interaction, Interaction Management based on Ambient Intelligence, Content Management, Brokerage and Management of Semantic Information are desirable due to their significant impact on service usability.

32. Top right corner for field-mark, customer or partner logotypes. See Best practice for example. Slide title 40 pt Slide subtitle 24 pt Text 24 pt Bullets level 2-5 20 pt Multimedia Service Composition and Service BrokerageSorin Georgescu32 Thank you for your attention! sorin.georgescu@ericsson.com