1. A. Toivonen Espoo 3.4.2009 HPLWR phase 2 / GETMAT: FP6 / 7 projektien yleisesittely

2. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 2 Objective “The overall objective of the HPLWR Phase 2 project is to assess the critical scientific issues and the technical feasibility of the High Performance Light Water Reactor (HPLWR) system with a view to determine its future potential.” HPLWR Phase 2 - Overview -

3. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 3 High Performance Light Water Reactor Phase 2 (HPLWR Phase 2) Start: September 1, 2006 End: February 2010 Duration: 42 Months (3.5 years) 10 Partners from 8 European Countries (+3 active supporters) Budget: 4.652.400 € HPLWR Phase 2 - Overview - Part of the Generation IV International Forum research activities on Supercritical Water-Cooled Reactors (SCWR) carried out in Japan, Canada, South Korea, and Europe. There are also activities in China and Russia in this field.

4. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 4 Labor Distribution on WPs [PM] 46 102 75 91 31 411  360 PM WP3 "Safety" WP4 “Materials” WP5 "Heat Transfer” WP6 “Education & Dissemination” WP7 “Management” WP1 "Design & Integration WP2 "Core Design” HPLWR Phase 2 - Overview -

5. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 5 WP3: Safety (M. Andreani, PSI) VTT contributions 9 person months: Development of HPLWR model for the current three-pass design, as well as the needed transient neutronics group constants (cross sections) Analysis of selected RIA cases, e.g. control rod ejection (Antti Daavittila, Malla Seppälä, Joona Kurki) WP4: Materials (A. Toivonen, VTT) VTT contributions 44 person months: To select optimal materials for in-core and out-of-core applications in HPLWR Produce general corrosion, SCC and creep data and model for database (Sami Penttilä, Aki Toivonen) WP1: Design & Integration (D. Bitterman, AREVA) VTT contribution 3 person months: To compare the estimated HPLWR electricity producing costs to competing alternatives in Finland, e.g. EPR (Göran Koreneff) HPLWR Phase 2 - Overview -

6. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 6 HPLWR Phase 2 - Overview -

7. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 7 HPLWR: Design parameters 14.3 m 4.5 m Cladding temperature ~620 o C Net efficiency 44% Enthalpy rise of 1936 kJ/kg (EPR: 190 kJ/kg)

8. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 8 GETMAT -Overview- Start of the GETMAT project February 1st 2008 Duration of the GETMAT project60 months Budget14 M€ total budget and 7.5 M€ EC contribution Generation IV and Transmutation Materials

9. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 9 GETMAT -Overview- The requirements defined for innovative nuclear systems are Sustainability and waste minimisation Enhanced economics, safety and reliability Enhanced proliferation resistance With respect to the current nuclear industry experience, demanding material-related operational conditions can be envisaged e.g.: High in-service and off-normal temperatures High burn-ups Long service life-time (~ 60 years) Compatibility with new coolants These conditions imply new challenges on structural materials.

10. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 10 PBeneficiary nameBeneficiary short nameCountry 1Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbHFZKGermany 2Commissariat à l’Energie AtomiqueCEAFrance 3Studiecentrum voor Kernenergie/ Centre d'étude de l'Energie NucléaireSCK-CENBelgium 4Ente per le nuove Tecnologie l’Energia e l’AmbienteENEAItaly 5Paul Scherrer InstitutePSISwitzerland 6Nuclear Research and Consultancy GroupNRGNetherland 7Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas Medioambientales y TecnologicasCIEMATSpain 8Electricité de France SAEDF SAFrance 9Forschungszentrum Dresden-RossendorfFZDGermany 10Université Libre de BruxellesULBBelgium 11Kungliga Tekniska HögskolanKTHSweden 12The University of LiverpoolULUnited Kingdom 13The University of EdinburghUEDINUnited Kingdom 14University of AlicanteUASpain 15University of HelsinkiUHFinland 16Materialpruefungsanstalt Universitaet StuttgartMPA.USTUTTGermany 17Consiglio Nazionale delle RicercheCNRItaly 18Centre National de la Recherche ScientifiqueCNRSFrance 19Ústav jaderného výzkumu Řež a.sUJVCzech Republic 20Joint Research Centre (IE, ITU)JRCBelgium 21Technical Research Centre of FinlandVTTFinland 22Chalmers UniversityCHALMERSSweden 23Universidad Politécnica de MadridUPMSpain 24CESI RICERCACESI-RIItaly

11. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 11 WP1 Metallurgical and Mechanical Behaviour WP2 Material Compatibility with Coolant (VTT contribution 200 k€) WP3 Irradiation behaviour of structural materials WP4 Multiscale Modelling and model experiments Program concentrates on F/M steels, ODS steels, welding of ODSs, and coating methods GETMAT -Overview-

12. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 12 Fuel cladding: wall thickness ~0.5 mm, T peak 620-630 o C: -F/M steels: high oxide growth rate, ~1.5 mm/year -9%Cr ODS: still rather high oxide growth rate, 0.2-0.3 mm/year -Austenitic SSs and Ni base: rather high oxide growth rate or contains too much Ni -PM2000 corrosion rate slow, but suffers from 475 o C embrittlement  PM2000 selected at this stage Other core components (500 o C peak temperature): -F/M steels: too high oxide growth rate at least for thin walled components  austenitic SSs selected at this stage VTT contribution: Conclusions from HPLWR Phase 2 materials studies GETMAT -Overview-

13. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 13 Improved general corrosion resistance for F/M and ODS steels needed: -Increased Cr for ODS seels (>9% Cr)? -surface treatments (Cr cladding of F/M steels)? GETMAT -Overview- VTT contribution: Conclusions from HPLWR Phase 2 materials studies

14. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 14 -Tests in supercritical water in oxidising and reducing environments (125 ppb O 2 /30 cc/kg H 2 ) -500 and/or 600 o C for 1000 and 2000h -weight gain measurements -cross sectional SEM and EDS studies Status: waiting for the test materials General corrosion tests GETMAT -Overview- VTT contribution

15. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 15 SCC tests -Environmental parameters as in general corrosion tests -SSRT tests: equipment ready (tested within HPLWR Phase 2) -d  /dt 3e-7 1/s (previously proposed 1e-6 1/s or 1e-7 1/s. More reference data, however, available for 3e-7 1/s) -post test fracture surface examination by SEM Status: can be started in fall 2009, if test materials are available GETMAT -Overview- VTT contribution

16. VTT TECHNICAL RESEARCH CENTRE OF FINLAND 16 Thanks for attention