1. Charles Zhao, Elizabeth Chang School of Information Systems, DEBI Institute Curtin University of Technology Perth, Australia Christian Gütl (Presenter) Institute for Information Systems and Computer Media Faculty of Computer Science Graz University of Technology Graz, Austria How modern Technology in Knowledge Management can support Higher Educational Institutions in modern Learning Settings

2. © Zhao, Gütl, and Chang 20082 Agenda Motivation Knowledge Management in Higher Educational Institutions (HEI) Research Questions Educational Institutions in 21th Century A first Approach for KM in HEI and Selected Research Results Summary and Outlook

3. © Zhao, Gütl, and Chang 20083 Motivation 1 DEBII Digital Ecosystems & Business Intelligence Institute 1 out of 3 Research Institutes of Excellence DEBII focuses on following research fields -Frontier Technologies for Digital Ecosystems  Web Services, XML, Ontologies, Data Mining, …. -Digital Ecosystem Applications  Digital Health Ecosystems  Social Network Digital Ecosystems & eHumanities  Digital Education & Learning Ecosystems

4. © Zhao, Gütl, and Chang 20084 Motivation 2 Higher Educational Institutions (HEI) -Long tradition in …  Discovering, conserving, refining, transmitting and applying knowledge -Focusing to some extend on …  Teaching & learning  Research & development  Administration and Management -Involves different groups of people …  within the organization  and from outside

5. © Zhao, Gütl, and Chang 20085 Knowledge Management in HEI KM in Higher Educational Institutions -… can be thought of a framework or approach to collect, develop and share knowledge -The knowledge is …  Stored in individual minds  Encoded in organizational processes & systems -Benefit include areas … (Kidwell et al. 2000)  Curriculum development  Teaching & learning process  Student and alumni service  Research process  Administrative services and strategic planning

6. © Zhao, Gütl, and Chang 20086 Research Questions Focus of the research project -What are the Characteristics of Educational Institutions in the 21st Century? -How do modern technologies influence Educational Institutions? -How can modern technologies support Educational Institutions?

7. © Zhao, Gütl, and Chang 20087 Educational Institutions in 21 th Century 1 … are strongly influenced by ever-changing economic, political, social and technological situation Selection of important Aspects -Globalization  competition, virtual teams, distance education, … -Fast changing and growing knowledge  Research & development, learning & teaching -New technologies  Modern communication channels & devices  Modern information technology  Web services, Social Software, 3D virtual worlds, …

8. © Zhao, Gütl, and Chang 20088 Educational Institutions in 21 th Century 2 Teaching and Learning -Learning Process must support  Learners’ individual needs, context, collaboration, ….  Access to a wide variety of knowledge -Student Characteristics  Traditional picture of students has changed  Part-time students, employees & citizen register for specific courses, distance education students from other countries -Organization Viewpoint  Make courses comparable & transferable  Make student records transferable  Role of content creators & consumers will increasingly blur

9. © Zhao, Gütl, and Chang 20089 Educational Institutions in 21 th Century 3 Research and Development (Lee et al. 2008) -Communication  Knowledge sharing & transfer (internal & external) -Collaboration  Idea sharing, collaborative knowledge & document creation -Content  Organizing, structuring and access of knowledge -Coordination  Managing dependencies between activities -Community  Building and managing communities -Connection  Managing knowledge networks and expert fining -Customization

10. © Zhao, Gütl, and Chang 200810 KMS Framework Components Complex situation in HEI requires sound KMS 6 important components (Rusli et al. 2008) -KMS Architecture  Layers: Infrastructure, Technology, Protocol -KMS Applications  DMS, LMS, Repositories, Workflow, Analytic Processing, … -KMS Semantic  Enrich content and processes with semantic; support of the knowledge life cycle -KMS Psychology -KMS Socio-culture -KMS Audit

11. © Zhao, Gütl, and Chang 200811 The First Approach Deal with … a great variety of applications and tools – intern & extern different types of data merge and visualize Cope with … different KM scenarios for diverse user groups in a flexible way by Business Process Modeling Semantic Layer links knowledge processes with information and tools

12. © Zhao, Gütl, and Chang 200812 KMS Architecture 1 HEI are highly decentralized in nature  Distributed architecture for KM (Bonifacio et al. 2005) Research Work at DEBII -Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA)  Service Discovery (Wu et al. 2007)  New approach, the Atom Server  built upon widely adopted Web 2.0 technology (RSS/Atom) and the publish/subscribe model  Mashing up services (Wurzinger 2009)  Approaches: (1) goal composition/decomposition, (2) data flow oriented, and (3) service network oriented  Application of Web 2.0 and RESTful services  Heavy-weight/old-school Web services with WSDL and UDDI (Universal Description Discovery and Integration)

13. © Zhao, Gütl, and Chang 200813 KMS Architecture 2 Research Work at DEBII (ff) -Trust & Repuation for Service-Oriented Environment  Trust and Reputation Prediction (Chang et al. 2006)  In service oriented environments “Agent reputation” is given by the recommendations from all third- party recommendation agents  n previous values of trustworthiness are stored in the data base  based on that the future trust is predicted

14. © Zhao, Gütl, and Chang 200814 KMS Semantic 1 Ontology for KM (O'Leary 1998) -Ontology serves as the basis for information gathering and integration. -Ontology supports knowledge search, retrieval, and personalization. -Ontology supports knowledge visualization. Research Work at DEBII -Ontology  Ontology Model for HEI (Yong 2007)  person ontology, publication ontology, work ontology, building ontology and organization ontology  Ontology described in OWL

15. © Zhao, Gütl, and Chang 200815 KMS Semantic 2  Ontology Model for HEI (ff) (Yong 2007) Education Organization Department Institute ProgramResearch Group School University Is-a

16. © Zhao, Gütl, and Chang 200816 Summary HEI are strongly influenced by ever-changing economic, political, social and technological situation HEI are distributed and complex in nature Modern Technology can support KM in HEI -KMS Architecture -KMS Applications -KMS Semantic

17. © Zhao, Gütl, and Chang 200817 Bibliography Bonifacio, M. et al (2005) “Peer-to-Peer Knowledge Management”, Proceedings of I-KNOW’05, Graz, Austria, June 29 – July 1. Chang, E., Dillon, T.S., Hussain, F.K. (2006) Trust and Reputation for Service-Oriented Environments - Technologies for Building Business Intelligence and Consumer Confidence, John Wiley and Sons, UK Kidwell, J.J., Vander Linde, K.M., & Johnson, S.L. (2000) “Applying Corporate Knowledge Management Practices in Higher Education”, EDUCAUSE QUARTERLY, Number 4 2000. Lee, H.L., Kim, J.W., Koh (2008): A contigent approach on knowledge portal design for R&D teams: Relative importance of knowledge portal functionalities. Expert Systems with Applications, 2008. O’Leary, DE 1998, ‘Knowledge Management Systems: Converting and Connecting’, IEEE Intelligent Systems, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 30-33. Rusli, A., Mohd, H.S., Azmi, J., Salfarina, A., and Suaini, S. (2008) “An Empirical Study of Knowledge Management System Implementation in Public Higher Learning Institution”, IJCSNS International Journal of Computer Science and Network Security, Vol. 8, No. 1, January 2008, 281 – 290. Wu, C., & Chang, E. (2007) Aligning with the Web: an atom-based architecture for Web services discovery. Service Oriented Computing and Applications, Vo 1, No 2 / Juni 2007, 97-116. Wurzinger, G. (2009). Orchestration and Choreography of Services applicable for Flexible Learning Settings. Unpublished Master Thesis, 2009. Yong, L. (2007) CAN ONTOLOGY AND ONTOLOGY REUSE PLAY IMPORTANT ROLES IN QUERYING INFERABLE, ACCURATE AND RELEVANT INFORMATION IN THE FIELD OF KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT (KM)? IS DISSERTATION, CURTIN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY, 2007.

18. Elizabeth Chang Elizabeth.Chang@cbs.curtin.edu.au http://debii.curtin.edu.au/ Christian Gütl cguetl@iicm.edu http://www.iicm.tugraz.at/guetl Thank you for your attention! Questions are welcome.