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Types of Chromosomes a. Autosomes

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1 Types of Chromosomes a. Autosomes
Any chromosome that is not a sex chromosome. 1 to 22 b. Sex Chromosomes A chromosome involved with determining the sex of an organism. X and Y chromosomes

2 Types of Cells a. Somatic cells
Any cell of a living organism other than the reproductive cells.  b. Gametes (sex cells) A reproductive cell having the haploid number of chromosomes. 2

3 Mitosis: Somatic Cell Division
Parent cell (2n) Daughter cells Meiosis: Gametes (n) Offspring 3

4 Mitosis Somatic Cell Division

5 Science of Inheritance Genes
Alleles: Different forms of a gene. Dominant: If the dominant allele (gene) is present, the organism will show that trait. Recessive: Trait will be exhibited only if organism does not have dominant allele or is pure for recessive trait.

6 Science of Inheritance Genes
Genotype: The Allele combination, heterozygous (hybrid) or homozygous (gg, GG, or Gg). Phenotype: The physical characteristic displayed (green or yellow). 6

7 Science of Inheritance Genes
Trait Dominant Allele Recessive Allele Possible Genotype Phenotypes Seed Color G (green) g (yellow) GG Homozygous Gg Heterozygous gg Green Yellow Flower Color P (purple) p (white) PP Pp pp Purple white

8 Science of Inheritance Genes
Homozygous: 2 copies of the same alleles (ex. TT and tt) homozygous dominant- TT homozygous recessive- tt Heterozygous: different copies of alleles (ex. Tt)

9 Sex Linked Genes Traits located on the X chromosome
Genotype Phenotype XCXC Normal Female XCXc Carrier Female XcXc Colorblind Female XCY Normal Male XcY Colorblind Male XC Y Cross: A normal male with a carrier female. XCY x XCXc XC XC Normal Female XCY Normal Male XCXc Carrier Female XcY Colorblind Male XC Xc

10 Sex Linked Genes Traits located on the X chromosome
Genotype Phenotype XCXC Normal Female XCXc Carrier Female XcXc Colorblind Female XCY Normal Male XcY Colorblind Male Xc Y Cross: A colorblind male with a carrier female. XCY x XCXc Xc Xc Colorblind Female Xc Y Normal male XC Xc Carrier Female XC Y Colorblind Male XC Xc

11 Sex Linked Genes Traits located on the X chromosome
Genotype Phenotype XCXC Normal Female XCXc Carrier Female XcXc Colorblind Female XCY Normal Male XcY Colorblind Male Cross: A normal male with a carrier female. XCY x XCXc Cross: A colorblind male with a carrier female. XCY x XCXc Xc Y XC Y Xc Xc Colorblind Female Xc Y Normal male XC Xc Carrier Female XC Y Colorblind Male XC XC Normal Female XCY Normal Male XCXc Carrier Female XcY Colorblind Male XC Xc XC Xc

12

13 II. Practice with Punnett Squares- Mendelian Genetics (autosomes!)
homozygous recessive x homozygous dominant heterozygous x heterozygous homozygous recessive x heterozygous homozygous dominant x heterozygous

14 III. Crosses that involve sex-linked (X-linked) genes
“Carrier”- Examples of X-linked diseases-


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