1. Industrial-Organizational psychology in the Americas: Past & future trends Harold Takooshian, APA International Psychology

2. Overview International origins of scientific Y
Y today: indigenous (193) + specialized (52)
I-O Y today in the North America today
Origins of I-O Y in North America
I-O Y today in South v North America
The future of U.S. I-O Y : 3 trends
7. Conclusion

3. 1a. International origins of Y
1879 Wundt: Germany
1881 Ochorowicz: Poland
1889 International Exposition: France

4. 1b. Paris international expo 1889 !

5. 1c. International Y
By 1889 Y had developed many specialties covering specialty areas (criminal studies, education, psychopathology, psychophysics, therapy) and phenomena (amnesia, hypnosis, hallucinations, learning, perception).
In 1889 several scholars and scientists decided to hold the International Congress of Physiological Y in Paris.

6. 2a. Y: Indigenous and specialized
Indigenous: National Y (193 nations)
1885 Russia (125th anniversary in 2010)
1892 USA (APA)
Specialized: In every nation
In APA, 54 divisions.
Division 52 (1997)=
International Y
Division 14 (1945)= I-O Y

7. 3. I-O Y today in North America
4 I-O areas today in SIOP
(Society for I-O Y):
Personnel Y: Fit the person to the organization
Who to recruit, select, train, assess, promote
Organizational Y: Fit the organization to the person
3. Human factors: Ergonomics, engineering Y
Consumer behavior: Reach outside the organization
(Advertising, marketing)

8. 4a. Origins of I-O Y in North America
Personnel Y
James McKeen Cattell
1890 “mental tests”
1921 Psychological
Corporation
1917 Military Y
(Goddard)
Human factors
1909 “time-motion studies”
F.W. Taylor, F+L. Gilbreth

9. 4b. Origins of I-O Y in North America
Consumer behavior
1901 Walter Dill Scott
1903 Y of advertising
Organizational Y
Hawthorne studies
(Elton Mayo)
1960 Human enterprise
Douglas McGregor
HRM = “Labor Y” shift

10. 4. Growth of I-O Y: South v North America
South America: None
1984 Universidad d’Atacama
Abel Gallardo, MS
North America:
1987: Society for I-O Psychology
4,000 of 84,000
demand, salaries, growth (NYC 2007)

11. 5a. 3 future trends in U.S. I-O Y
APA I-O Psychology Handbook (S. Zedeck, 2011)
1. Human Relations Movement (HRM):
Ways to humanize the corporation
Organizational citizenship behavior (OCB)
3. Predicting counterproductive behaviors (CPB)

12. 5b. HRM: Target Corporation
HOW CAN TARGET PROMOTE ITS EMPLOYEES’ WELFARE?
ANNE TAKOOSHIAN: TARGET “TEAM” H.R. (HUMAN RESOURCES)
“360-degree feedback:” assessing job satisfaction,
annual Employee Attitude Surveys
Employee wellness: Physical & mental health, EAP
Counseling: finances, family, career development
Insurance: Home, car, life, health, pension
Community involvement: volunteers, social activities,
TCOE 1%,

13. 5b. Org. citizenship behaviors
PROMOTING POSITIVE Y IN ORGANIZATIONS?
Y tests: Shift from clinical to I-O
Assessing job satisfaction: JDI, MSQ…
OCQ, Org. Commitment (Porter, 1979)
OCB, Org. citizenship (Podsakoff, 2000)

14. 5c. Counterproductive behaviors
CAN ORGANIZATIONS AVOID CPBs?
Y tests: Shift from clinical to I-O
Dependent personality (drugs, alcohol)
Dishonesty
Lateness, absence, malingering
Violence, anger, conflict

15. Thank you ! Professor Alexander Voronov ! Professor Evgeny Osin !
Professor Valentin Spivakovsky !
Anne W.S. Takooshian !

16. 125 years of International Y: IAAP, Paris, 8-13 July 2014

17. International Y in New York City: March 1-4, 2013, EPA conference